Sutra - Sutra
PREFACE
preface - Vorwort, Vorrede
In the literature of all countries there will be found a certain numberof works treating especially of love. Everywhere the subject is dealtwith differently, and from various points of view. In the presentpublication it is proposed to give a complete translation of what isconsidered the standard work on love in Sanscrit literature, and whichis called the 'Vatsyayana Kama Sutra,'or Aphorisms on Love, byVatsyayana.
literature - Literatur
Certain - gewiss, sicher, irgendein, bestimmt
numberof - Nummer von
treating - behandelnd; (treat); behandeln; bewirten, einladen, heilen
especially - besonders, extra, speziell, außergewöhnlich, originell
everywhere - überall
dealtwith - damit umgehen
differently - anders
various - verschiedene
view - Aussicht; Anblick, Ansicht, Aufruf, View, sehen
presentpublication - Veröffentlichung präsentieren
proposed - vorgeschlagen; vorschlagen, einen Heiratsantrag machen
translation - Übersetzung, Übersetzen, Translation
isconsidered - in Betracht gezogen
standard work - Standardwerk
whichis - was ist
aphorisms - Aphorismen; Aphorismus
byVatsyayana - vonVatsyayana
While the introduction will bear with the evidence concerning the dateof the writing, and the commentaries written upon it, the chaptersfollowing the introduction will give a translation of the work itself.
introduction - Einführung; Vorstellung
bear - Bär; (to bear) ertragen, aushalten
evidence - Beweise; Beweis, Indiz, Beweismittel
concerning - Was bedeutet das; Sorge, Anliegen
dateof - Datum von
commentaries - Kommentaren; Kommentar
upon - auf; mit
chaptersfollowing - folgenden Kapiteln
itself - von selbst, von allein, sich selbst
It is, however, advisable to furnish here a brief analysis of works ofthe same nature, prepared by authors who lived and wrote years afterVatsya had passed away, but who still considered him as a greatauthority, and always quoted him as the chief guide to Hindoo eroticliterature.
advisable - ratsam
furnish - möblieren, einrichten, ausrüsten
brief - kurz; prägnant; kurze Zusammenfassung; briefen, instruieren
analysis - Analyse; Analysis
ofthe - der
nature - Natur, Art
authors - Autoren; Autor, Autorin, Verfasser, Verfasserin, Schriftsteller
afterVatsya - nachVatsya
passed - bestanden; (to pass) durchgehen, passieren, durchlaufen
considered - berücksichtigt; überlegen, überlegen, halten, betrachten
quoted - zitiert; Zitat
chief - Häuptling, Oberhaupt, Chef
Guide - Leitfaden; lenken, führen, anleiten, leiten; Handbuch
Hindoo - Hindu
eroticliterature - erotische Literatur
Besides the treatise of Vatsyayana the following works on the samesubject are procurable in India:--
besides - Außerdem; neben, neben
treatise - Abhandlung, Traktat
samesubject - dasselbe Thema
procurable - beschaffbar
India - Indien
1. The Ratirahasya, or secrets of love.
secrets - Geheimnisse; Geheimnis
2. The Panchasakya, or the five arrows.
arrows - Pfeile; Richtungspfeil, Pfeil
3. The Smara Pradipa, or the light of love.
4. The Ratimanjari, or the garland of love.
garland - Girlande
5. The Rasmanjari, or the sprout of love.
sprout - sprießen; Schössling
6. The Anunga Runga, or the stage of love; also called Kamaledhiplava, or a boat in the ocean of love.
stage - Stufe, Etappe, Bühne
Ocean - Weltmeer, Ozean
The author of the 'Secrets of Love'(No. 1) was a poet named Kukkoka. Hecomposed his work to please one Venudutta, who was perhaps a king. Whenwriting his own name at the end of each chapter he calls himself "Siddhapatiya pandita," _i.e._, an ingenious man among learned men. The workwas translated into Hindi years ago, and in this the author's name waswritten as Koka.
author - Autor, Autorin, Verfasser, Verfasserin
poet - Dichter, Dichterin; i ormal
Perhaps - vielleicht, wohl
king - König
Chapter - Kapitel, Abschnitt, Verband, Ortsverband, Sektion
ingenious - ingeniös, genial, findig
among - unter, zwischen, untereinander
translated - übersetzt; übersetzen, übertragen, verdolmetschen, dolmetschen
waswritten - geschrieben wurde
And as the same name crept into all the translationsinto other languages in India, the book became generally known, and thesubject was popularly called Koka Shastra, or doctrines of Koka, whichis identical with the Kama Shastra, or doctrines of love, and the wordsKoka Shastra and Kama Shastra are used indiscriminately.
crept - gekrochen; kriechen, schleichen, schleichen, kriechen, Kriechen
translationsinto - Übersetzungen in
generally - im Allgemeinen
thesubject - das Thema
popularly - populär
doctrines - Doktrinen; Doktrin, Lehre, Doktrin
identical - identisch; eineiig
wordsKoka - WorteKoka
indiscriminately - wahllos
The work contains nearly eight hundred verses, and is divided into tenchapters, which are called Pachivedas. Some of the things treated of inthis work are not to be found in the Vatsyayana, such as the fourclasses of women, viz., the Padmini, Chitrini, Shankini and Hastini, asalso the enumeration of the days and hours on which the women of thedifferent classes become subject to love. The author adds that he wrotethese things from the opinions of Gonikaputra and Nandikeshwara, both ofwhom are mentioned by Vatsyayana, but their works are not now extant. Itis difficult to give any approximate idea as to the year in which thework was composed. It is only to be presumed that it was written afterthat of Vatsyayana, and previous to the other works on this subject thatare still extant.
contains - enthält; enthalten
nearly - beinahe, fast
verses - Verse; Strophe
divided - geteilt; aufteilen, teilen, einteilen, teilen, dividieren
tenchapters - zehnKapitel
treated - behandelt; behandeln, bewirten, einladen, heilen, kurieren
inthis - in diesem Fall
such - solch, derartig, so ein
fourclasses - vierKlassen
asalso - wie auch
enumeration - Aufzählung
ofwhom - von wem
mentioned - erwähnt; Erwähnung, erwähnen
extant - existent, bestehend, vorhanden, überlebend
approximate - annähernd, ungefähr, zirka, circa
thework - die Arbeit
composed - komponiert; zusammenstellen, zusammensetzen, komponieren
presumed - vermutet; annehmen, mutmaßen, vermuten
afterthat - Und danach
previous - früher; vorhergehend
thatare - das sind
Vatsyayana gives the names of ten authors on thesubject, all of whose works he had consulted, but none of which areextant, and does not mention this one. This would tend to show thatKukkoka wrote after Vatsya, otherwise Vatsya would assuredly havementioned him as an author in this branch of literature along with theothers.
whose - wessen; dessen, deren, wem gehört/gehören?
consulted - konsultiert; Rat halten, beraten, beratschlagen, beraten
none - kein, nichts, keines, keine, keiner, gar nicht
mention - Erwähnung; erwähnen
tend - tendieren; abzielen
thatKukkoka - dassKukkoka
otherwise - sonst
assuredly - Sicherlich
branch - Ast, Zweig, Abzweigung, (''rare'') tÄstelung
along - entlang, längs, weiter
theothers - die anderen
The author of the 'Five Arrows'(No. 2 in the list) was one Jyotirisha.He is called the chief ornament of poets, the treasure of the sixty-fourarts, and the best teacher of the rules of music. He says that hecomposed the work after reflecting on the aphorisms of love as revealedby the gods, and studying the opinions of Gonikaputra, Muladeva,Babhravya, Ramtideva, Nundikeshwara and Kshemandra. It is impossible tosay whether he had perused all the works of these authors, or had onlyheard about them; anyhow, none of them appear to be in existence now.
ornament - Verzierung; musikalische Verzierung
poets - Dichter, Dichterin; iormal
treasure - Schatz; schätzen
reflecting - reflektieren, zurückspiegeln, spiegeln, sich spiegeln
revealedby - enthüllt
gods - Götter; Gott
impossible - unmöglich
whether - ob
perused - durchgesehen; studieren, genau unter die Lupe nehmen
anyhow - irgendwie
appear - erscheinen, auftauchen, auftreten
existence - Existenz, Dasein
his work contains nearly six hundred verses, and is divided into fivechapters, called Sayakas or Arrows.
The author of the 'Light of Love'(No. 3) was the poet Gunakara, the sonof Vechapati. The work contains four hundred verses, and gives only ashort account of the doctrines of love, dealing more with othermatters.
four hundred - vierhundert
ashort - kurz
account - Rechnung, Bericht, Rechnung, Konto
dealing - handelnd; (deal) handelnd
othermatters - andere Angelegenheiten
'The Garland of Love'(No. 4) is the work of the famous poet Jayadeva,who said about himself that he is a writer on all subjects. Thistreatise is, however, very short, containing only one hundred andtwenty-five verses.
containing - enthalten
andtwenty - undzwanzig
The author of the 'Sprout of Love'(No. 5) was a poet called Bhanudatta.It appears from the last verse of the manuscript that he was a residentof the province of Tirhoot, the son of a Brahman named Ganeshwar, whowas also a poet. The work, written in Sanscrit, gives the descriptionsof different classes of men and women, their classes being made out fromtheir age, description, conduct, etc.
Appears - Erscheint; erscheinen, auftauchen, erscheinen, auftauchen
Last - letzte, zuletzt, letzter, vorig; dauern, andauern
verse - Strophe
manuscript - Handschrift, Manuskript, Handschrift, Manuskript
residentof - wohnhaft in
province - Provinz, Land
whowas - Wer war das
descriptionsof - Beschreibungen von
fromtheir - von ihnen
conduct - Leitung, Führung, leiten, führen, sich verhalten, sich benehmen
etc - usw
It contains three chapters, andits date is not known, and cannot be ascertained.
chapters - Kapiteln; Kapitel
andits - undits
ascertained - festzustellen; feststellen
'The Stage of Love'(No. 6) was composed by the poet KullianMull, forthe amusement of Ladkhan, the son of Ahmed Lodi, the same Ladkhan beingin some places spoken of as Ladana Mull, and in others as Ladanaballa.He is supposed to have been a relation or connection of the house ofLodi, which reigned in Hindostan from A.D. 1450-1526.
composed - komponiert; compos
Mull - überdenken, verpatzen; (Verbands-) Mull
forthe - für die
amusement - Belustigung; Amüsement
beingin - Sein
supposed - angenommen; annehmen, vermuten, vermeinen, vermuten, annehmen
relation - Beziehung; Relation; Verwandter, Verwandte, Verwandtschaft
connection - Verbindung, Verknüpfung, Anschluss
ofLodi - vonLodi
reigned - herrschte; Herrschaft, Regentschaft, Regentschaft, herrschen
The work would,therefore, have been written in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. Itcontains ten chapters, and has been translated into English, but onlysix copies were printed for private circulation. This is supposed to bethe latest of the Sanscrit works on the subject, and the ideas in itwere evidently taken from previous writings of the same nature.
therefore - deswegen, deshalb, darum, also (folglich), daher
Fifteenth - fünfzehnte
Sixteenth - sechzehnte; Sechzehntel
copies - Kopien; Kopie, Exemplar
printed - gedruckt; drucken, Druckschrift, Schrift, Abdruck, Druck, Abzug
private - privat; privat
Circulation - Kreislauf, Zirkulation, Umlauf, Umlaufen, Zirkulieren
itwere - es waren
evidently - offensichtlich
writings - Schriftstücke; (write) verfassen
The contents of these works are in themselves a literary curiosity.There are to be found both in Sanscrit poetry and in the Sanscrit dramaa certain amount of poetical sentiment and romance, which have, in everycountry and in every language, thrown an immortal halo round thesubject. But here it is treated in a plain, simple, matter of fact sortof way. Men and women are divided into classes and divisions in the sameway that Buffon and other writers on natural history have classified anddivided the animal world.
Contents - Inhalt; (to be content with) sich mit etwas begnügen
themselves - selbst; sich; sich selber
literary - literarisch
curiosity - Neugier, Neugierde, Kuriosität, Kuriosum
poetry - Dichtkunst, Poesie, checkDichtung, checkDichtkunst
amount - Anzahl, Menge, Betrag, beträgt
poetical - poetisch
sentiment - Gefühlen; Gefühl
romance - Romantik; Liebesgeschichte; qual
everycountry - jedes Land
thrown - geworfen; Wurf; werfen (du wirfst, er wirft), ich/er/sie würfe
immortal - unsterblich; unvergesslich
halo - Halo; Heiligenschein; Nimbus
round - runden; Kontrollgang, Runde, Rundgang, rund
plain - unscheinbar, einfach, vollständige, ehrlich
simple - einfach, simpel
matter - Materie; Masse, Substanz, Stoff, Angelegenheit, Anlass
sortof - Irgendwie
divisions - Abteilungen; Teilung, Teil, Division, Abteilung, Division
natural history - Naturgeschichte , Naturkunde
classified - geordnet, eingestuft, klassifiziert; (classify); einordnen
anddivided - und geteilt
animal world - Tierwelt
As Venus was represented by the Greeks tostand forth as the type of the beauty of woman, so the Hindoos describethe Padmini or Lotus woman as the type of most perfect feminineexcellence, as follows:
Venus - Venus, Venus
represented - vorstellen, darstellen, vertreten
Greeks - Griechen; griechisch, Griechisch
tostand - zu stehen
forth - weiter; heraus, hervor
beauty - Schönheit; Schöner, Schöne, Prachtstück
describethe - beschreiben
lotus - Hornklee, Lotos, Lotosblume, Lotus
most perfect - einwandfreiste
feminineexcellence - feminine Exzellenz
She in whom the following signs and symptoms appear is called a Padmini.Her face is pleasing as the full moon; her body, well clothed withflesh, is soft as the Shiras or mustard flower, her skin is fine,tender and fair as the yellow lotus, never dark coloured. Her eyes arebright and beautiful as the orbs of the fawn, well cut, and with reddishcorners. Her bosom is hard, full and high; she has a good neck; her noseis straight and lovely, and three folds or wrinkles cross hermiddle--about the umbilical region. Her yoni resembles the opening lotusbud, and her love seed (Kama salila) is perfumed like the lily that hasnewly burst. She walks with swan-like gait, and her voice is low andmusical as the note of the Kokila bird, she delights in white raiments,in fine jewels, and in rich dresses.
whom - wen; wem; dem, der, den, die
signs - Wert, Zeichen, Hinweistafel, Indiz; unterschreiben, signieren
symptoms - Symptome; Symptom
full moon - Vollmond
clothed - bekleidet; Stoff, Tuch
withflesh - mitFleisch
soft - sanft, mild, weich
mustard - Senf; senffarben
low - tief, niedrig, nieder, leise (Stimme); muhen, blöken (Rind)
skin - Haut, tHäutchen, Design, Fell
tender - zärtlich; empfindlich, Ausschreibung, Angebot, zart; andienen
fair - gerecht, fair, heiter, schön, angemessen
orbs - Kugeln; Himmelskörper, Kugel
Fawn - schmeicheln, schwänzeln, sich einschmeicheln (bei); Rehkitz
bosom - Busen, Brust, der Busenfreund (bosom buddy)
neck - knutschen; Genick, Zapfen (Wellenhals), Nacken
straight - gerade; aufrecht, aufrichtig, offen, ungeschminkt
lovely - schön, hübsch, wunderbar, herrlich
folds - falten, zusammenlegen, verschränken (Arme); Falte, gefaltete
wrinkles - Falten; sich runzeln, runzlig (runzelig) werden, knittern
Cross - Kreuz; Kreuzzeichen; Kreuzung; Cross; Flanke; quer; entgegengesetzt
umbilical - Nabelschnur
region - Gegend, Region, Raum, Gebiet, Bezirk
yoni - Yoni
resembles - ähnelt; ähneln, gleichen
lotusbud - Lotusknospe
seed - säen; Saatgut, Same, Saat, Samen
perfumed - parfümiert; Duft, Parfüm
Lily - Lilie
burst - geplatzt; platzen, zerplatzen, bersten, sprengen, Bersten
swan - Schwan
gait - Gang, Gangart (eines Pferdes)
voice - Stimme; äußern
andmusical - und musikalisch
delights - Köstlichkeiten; Freude, Entzückung, Wohlgefallen
raiments - Kleidung
jewels - Juwelen; Edelstein, Juwel
She eats little, sleeps lightly,and being as respectful and religious as she is clever and courteous,she is ever anxious to worship the gods, and to enjoy the conversationof Brahmans. Such, then, is the Padmini or Lotus woman.
lightly - leichtfertig; leicht
respectful - respektvoll
religious - religiös, gläubig, Ordensmitglied, Ordensleute
clever - geschickt; clever, ausgekocht, patent, klug, gescheit
courteous - höflich
anxious - ängstlich, besorgt
worship - Verehrung, Anbetung, Gottesdienst
One work in the English language is somewhat similar to these works ofthe Hindoos. It is called 'Kalogynomia: or the Laws of Female Beauty,'being the elementary principles of that science, by T. Bell, M.D., withtwenty-four plates, and printed in London in 1821.
somewhat - etwas, einigermaßen
laws - Gesetze; Gesetz, Jura, Rechtswissenschaft
female - weiblich; Weib, Weibchen
elementary - elementar
principles - Grundsätze; Grundsatz, Prinzip
bell - Klingel, Schelle, Glocke
withtwenty - mit zwanzig
plates - Teller; Platte (Druckplatte); Lagerplatte, Lochstein (Uhr)
It treats of Beauty,of Love, of sexual intercourse, of the Laws regulating that Intercourse,of Monogamy and Polygamy, of Prostitution, of Infidelity, ending with a_catalogue raisonnée_ of the defects of female beauty.
treats - Leckereien; behandeln, bewirten, einladen, heilen, kurieren
sexual intercourse - Geschlechtsverkehr
regulating - regeln, regulieren
Monogamy - Monogamie
polygamy - Polygamie, Mehrehe, Vielehe
prostitution - Prostitution
infidelity - Untreue
catalogue - Katalog, Liste, Verzeichnis
defects - Mängel; Fehler, Defekt, überlaufen, zurückziehen
After a perusal of the Hindoo work, and of the English books abovementioned, the reader will understand the subject, at all events from amaterialistic, realistic and practical point of view. If all science isfounded more or less on a stratum of facts, there can be no harm inmaking known to mankind generally certain matters intimately connectedwith their private, domestic, and social life.
perusal - Durchsicht
abovementioned - oben genannten
at all events - jedenfalls, auf alle Fälle, allenfalls
amaterialistic - amaterialistisch
realistic - realistisch
practical - praktisch; Praktikum
stratum - schicht; Bank
harm - Schaden
inmaking - anfertigen
mankind - die Menschheit; Menschheit, Menschengeschlecht, Mann
matters - zählt; Materie, Materie, Masse, Substanz, Stoff, Angelegenheit
intimately - vertraut
connectedwith - verbunden mit
domestic - häuslich, Haus
social - kontaktfreudig, gesellig, sozial, Sozial-, gesellschaftlich
Alas! complete ignorance of them has unfortunately wrecked many a manand many a woman, while a little knowledge of a subject generallyignored by the masses would have enabled numbers of people to haveunderstood many things which they believed to be quite incomprehensible,or which were not thought worthy of their consideration.
Alas - leider [Gottes]; (ala) leider [Gottes]
ignorance - Unwissenheit, Unwissen, Nichtwissen
unfortunately - leider, unglücklicherweise
wrecked - ruiniert; Wrack
many a - manch ein, manches, manche
knowledge - Wissen, Kenntnis
generallyignored - allgemein ignoriert
masses - Massen; Messe (kirchlich), Gottesdienst, Menge
enabled - aktiviert; berechtigen, befähigen, ermöglichen, anordnen
haveunderstood - Verstanden haben
incomprehensible - unverständlich
worthy - würdig
consideration - Berücksichtigung; Erwägung, Überlegung, Rücksicht, Vergütung
INTRODUCTION
It may be interesting to some persons to learn how it came about thatVatsyayana was first brought to light and translated into the Englishlanguage. It happened thus. While translating with the pundits the'Anunga runga, or the stage of love,'reference was frequently found tobe made to one Vatsya. The sage Vatsya was of this opinion, or of thatopinion. The sage Vatsya said this, and so on. Naturally questions wereasked who the sage was, and the pundits replied that Vatsya was theauthor of the standard work on love in Sanscrit literature, that noSanscrit library was complete without his work, and that it was mostdifficult now to obtain in its entire state.
came about - (come about) zustandegekommen [alt], zu Stande gekommen
thatVatsyayana - dassVatsyayana
thus - also; auf diese Weise, so, demnach, folglich, dieses
translating - übersetzen, übertragen, verdolmetschen, dolmetschen, übertragen
pundits - Gelehrte; Experte, Kommentator; q
reference - Referenz; Quelle; referenzieren; sich beziehen
frequently - häufig
tobe - zu sein
sage - weise, klug, Weise
thatopinion - diese Meinung
naturally - natürlich
wereasked - gefragt wurden
replied - geantwortet; antworten, erwidern, Antwort, Entgegnung, Antwort
theauthor - der Autor
Standard - üblich, standardmäßig, Standard, Banner, Standarte
mostdifficult - am schwierigsten
obtain - erlangen, erhalten, bestehen
entire - vollständig; ganz, gesamt
state - Umstände ;Status , Zustand , Stand , Staat ;staatlich;darlegen, festlegen, konstatieren, festsetzen;Bundesland
The copy of the manuscriptobtained in Bombay was defective, and so the pundits wrote to Benares,Calcutta and Jeypoor for copies of the manuscript from Sanscritlibraries in those places. Copies having been obtained, they were thencompared with each other, and with the aid of a Commentary called'Jayamangla'a revised copy of the entire manuscript was prepared, andfrom this copy the English translation was made. The following is thecertificate of the chief pundit:--
copy - Kopie; Exemplar
manuscriptobtained - ein Manuskript erhalten
defective - fehlerhaft, defekt, mangelhaft, unvollständig
Calcutta - Kalkutta
those - die; jene
thencompared - dannverglichen
aid - Hilfsmittel, Hilfe, Mithilfe; helfen, beispringen
commentary - Kommentar
revised - überarbeitet; revidieren, wiederholen
andfrom - und von
thecertificate - die Bescheinigung
pundit - Fachmann; Experte, Kommentator; q
"The accompanying manuscript is corrected by me after comparing fourdifferent copies of the work. I had the assistance of a Commentarycalled 'Jayamangla'for correcting the portion in the first five parts,but found great difficulty in correcting the remaining portion, because,with the exception of one copy thereof which was tolerably correct, allthe other copies I had were far too incorrect.
accompanying - begleiten, begleiten, begleiten, begleiten, geleiten, beiliegen
assistance - Unterstützung; Hilfe
portion - Anteil; Teil
difficulty - Schwierigkeiten; Schwierigkeit
remaining - Überrest (2), de
exception - Ausnahme, Ausnahmebedingung, Exception
thereof - davon
tolerably - erträglich
incorrect - falsch
However, I took thatportion as correct in which the majority of the copies agreed with eachother."
thatportion - diese Portion
majority - Mehrheit, Majorität, Erwachsenenalter
eachother - einander
"After reading and considering the works of Babhravya and other ancientauthors, and thinking over the meaning of the rules given by them, thistreatise was composed, according to the precepts of the Holy Writ, forthe benefit of the world, by Vatsyayana, while leading the life of areligious student at Benares, and wholly engaged in the contemplation ofthe Deity. This work is not to be used merely as an instrument forsatisfying our desires. A person acquainted with the true principles ofthis science, who preserves his Dharma (virtue or religious merit), hisArtha (worldly wealth) and his Kama (pleasure or sensual gratification),and who has regard to the customs of the people, is sure to obtain themastery over his senses.
considering - in Betracht ziehen; entsprechend, unter Berücksichtigung
ancientauthors - alte Autoren
according - nach; Übereinstimmung, Einvernehmen
precepts - Gebote; Gebot, Vorschrift, Grundsatz, Maxime
holy - heilig
benefit - Vorteil; Nutzen; Leistung; Benefizkonzert, Benefizveranstaltung
leading - führend; führen; (lead) führend; führen
areligious - areligiös
wholly - ganz
engaged - verlobt; beschäftigen, anstellen, angreifen, anlegen, einrasten
contemplation - Kontemplation; Betrachtung; Meditation; Erwarten
Deity - Gott, Gottheit
merely - bloß, lediglich, nur, schier
instrument - Instrument, Musikinstrument, Meßinstrument, Werkzeug, Dokument
forsatisfying - zufriedenstellend
desires - Sehnsüchte; begehren, begehren, Begehren
acquainted - kennengelernt; vertraut machen, in Kenntnis setzen
ofthis - hiervon
preserves - Konserven; Konserve, Eingemachtes
Dharma - Dharma
virtue - Tugend; Keuschheit
merit - Verdienst
worldly - weltlich
wealth - Reichtum, Vermögen, Fülle
pleasure - Vergnügen; Freude, Spaß, Wollust
sensual - sinnlich, lustvoll
gratification - Befriedigung
regard - schätzen, betrachten, berücksichtigen, achten; Aufmerksamkeit
customs - Brauch, Gewohnheit, Gewohnheit, Brauch, Sitte, Usus, Gewohnheit
themastery - Kloster
senses - Sinne; Sinn, Gefühl
In short, an intelligent and knowing person,attending to Dharma and Artha and also to Kama, without becoming theslave of his passions, will obtain success in everything that he maydo."
intelligent - klug; intelligent
attending - teilnehmen; Oberarzt; (attend) teilnehmen; Oberarzt
theslave - der Sklave
passions - Leidenschaften; Leidenschaft, Passion, Leidenschaft, Passion
It is impossible to fix the exact date either of the life of Vatsyayanaor of his work. It is supposed that he must have lived between the firstand the sixth centuries of the Christian era, on the followinggrounds:--He mentions that Satkarni Srtvahan, a king of Kuntal, killedMalayevati his wife with an instrument called kartari by striking her inthe passion of love, and Vatsya quotes this case to warn people of thedanger arising from some old customs of striking women when under theinfluence of this passion. Now this king of Kuntal is believed to havelived and reigned during the first century A.C., and consequently Vatsyamust have lived after him.
Fix - reparieren, flicken, fixieren, befestigen
exact - exakt, genau, fordern, abverlangen
either - auch nicht; beide; auch, ebenso, ebenfalls, entweder, entweder
sixth - sechste; Sechster; Sechstel; Sexte
Christian - Christ, Christin, Christian, christlich
era - Ära, Epoche, Erdzeitalter
followinggrounds - folgende Untergründe
mentions - Erwähnungen; Erwähnung, erwähnen
killedMalayevati - getötetMalayevati
striking - auffällig; (strike); streichen; schlagen; prägen; streiken; scheinen; die Fahne streichen; Strike; Streik; Schlag
inthe - in der
passion - Leidenschaft, Passion
quotes - Zitate; Zitat
case - Fall; Gehäuse, Prozess, Kiste, Fach
warn - warnen, mahnen
arising from - entspringend
theinfluence - denEinfluss
havelived - gelebt haben
consequently - folglich
On the other hand, Virahamihira, in theeighteenth chapter of his 'Brihatsanhita,'treats of the science oflove, and appears to have borrowed largely from Vatsyayana on thesubject. Now Virahamihira is said to have lived during the sixth centuryA.D., and as Vatsya must have written his works previously, thereforenot earlier than the first century, A.C., and not later than the sixthcentury A.D., must be considered as the approximate date of hisexistence.
theeighteenth - dem Achtzehnten
borrowed - geliehen; leihen, entleihen
largely - groß, weitgehend, große
centuryA - JahrhundertA
previously - zuvor, vorher, früher, ehemals
thereforenot - daher nicht
sixthcentury - sechsten Jahrhundert
hisexistence - seine Existenz
On the text of the 'Aphorisms on Love,'by Vatsyayana, only twocommentaries have been found. One called 'Jayamangla'or 'Sutrabashya,'and the other 'Sutra vritti.'The date of the 'Jayamangla'is fixedbetween the tenth and thirteenth centuries A.D., because while treatingof the sixty-four arts an example is taken from the 'Kávyaprakásha,'which was written about the tenth century A.
tenth - zehnten; zehnte
thirteenth - dreizehnte
treatingof - Behandlung von
. Again, the copy of thecommentary procured was evidently a transcript of a manuscript whichonce had a place in the library of a Chaulukyan king named Vishaladeva,a fact elicited from the following sentence at the end of it:--
thecommentary - derKommentar
procured - beschafft; beschaffen, erwerben, besorgen, aufbringen
transcript - Niederschrift; Abschrift, Transkript, Protokoll, Mitschrift
whichonce - was einmal
elicited - erregt; hervorlocken, hervorrufen, auslösen, erzeugen
"Here ends the part relating to the art of love in the commentary on the'Vatsyayana Kama Sutra,'a copy from the library of the king of kings,Vishaladeva, who was a powerful hero, as it were a second Arjuna, andhead jewel of the Chaulukya family."
relating - in Bezug auf; sich beziehen, erzählen, berichten
art of love - Liebeskunst
Kings - Könige; König
powerful - mächtig
hero - Held, Heldin, Kriegsheld, Hauptfigur
andhead - und Kopf
jewel - Edelstein, Juwel, Schmuckstück, Kleinod
Now it is well known that this king ruled in Guzerat from 1244 to 1262A.D., and founded a city called Visalnagur. The date, therefore, of thecommentary is taken to be not earlier than the tenth and not later thanthe thirteenth century. The author of it is supposed to be oneYashodhara, the name given him by his preceptor being Indrapada.
founded - gegründet; gefunden, aufgefunden; begründen, gründen
thanthe - als die
preceptor - Präzeptor
Heseems to have written it during the time of affliction caused by hisseparation from a clever and shrewd woman, at least that is what hehimself says at the end of each chapter. It is presumed that he calledhis work after the name of his absent mistress, or the word may havesome connection with the meaning of her name.
affliction - Bedrängnis; Leiden, Behinderung
caused - verursacht; Ursache, Anlass, Grund, Sache, verursachen
hisseparation - seineTrennung
shrewd - klug, clever, gewitzt, schlau, listig
hehimself - er selbst
calledhis - der heißt
absent - (absent-minded) abwesend, geistesabwesend, unaufmerksam
Mistress - Frau, Meisterin, Herrscherin, Mätresse, Liebhaberin, Domina
havesome - Haben Sie etwas
This commentary was most useful in explaining the true meaning ofVatsyayana, for the commentator appears to have had a considerableknowledge of the times of the older author, and gives in some placesvery minute information. This cannot be said of the other commentary,called "Sutra vritti," which was written about A.D., by Narsing Shastri,a pupil of a Sarveshwar Shastri; the latter was a descendant of Bhaskur,and so also was our author, for at the conclusion of every part he callshimself Bhaskur Narsing Shastra.
ofVatsyayana - von Vatsyayana
commentator - Kommentator, Kommentatorin
considerableknowledge - ein großes Wissen
placesvery - Platzierung
pupil - Schülerin; Schulkind, Pupille, Schüler
descendant - Nachkomme, Nachkommin, Deszendent, Deszendentin
conclusion - Schluss, Ende, Abschluss, Ergebnis, Schlussfolgerung
callshimself - sich selbst nennen
He was induced to write the work byorder of the learned Raja Vrijalala, while he was residing in Benares,but as to the merits of this commentary it does not deserve muchcommendation. In many cases the writer does not appear to haveunderstood the meaning of the original author, and has changed the textin many places to fit in with his own explanations.
induced - veranlasst; dazu bringen, anstacheln, bewirken, verursachen
byorder - auf Bestellung
residing in - wohnhaft in
merits - Verdienste; Verdienst
deserve - verdienen
muchcommendation - eine Empfehlung
cases - Fälle; Gehäuse, Prozess, Kiste, Fach
original - ursprünglich, ur-, original, originell, Original, ext
textin - Eine SMS
fit - passen; (to be fit) in Form sein
explanations - Erklärungen; Erläuterung, Erklärung, Ausführung, Erklärung
A complete translation of the original work now follows. It has beenprepared in complete accordance with the text of the manuscript, and isgiven, without further comments, as made from it.
beenprepared - vorbereitet worden
accordance - Übereinstimmung
isgiven - ist gegeben
further - fördern; weiter, ferner, des Weiteren
comments - Kommentare; kommentieren; Erläuterung, Anmerkung, Vermerk
THE VATSYAYANA SUTRA.
INTRODUCTORY PREFACE.
introductory - einführend
SALUTATION TO DHARMA, ARTHA AND KAMA.
salutation - Begrüßung; Titel
In the beginning, the Lord of Beings created men and women, and in theform of commandments in one hundred thousand chapters laid down rulesfor regulating their existence with regard to Dharma,[1] Artha,[2] andKama.
Lord - Gebieter; Herr; herrschen
beings - Wesen
theform - die Form
Commandments - Gebote; Gebot
laid down - hingelegt
rulesfor - Regeln für
andKama - undKama
3] Some of these commandments, namely those which treated ofDharma, were separately written by Swayambhu Manu; those that related toArtha were compiled by Brihaspati; and those that referred to Kama wereexpounded by Nandi, the follower of Mahadeva, in one thousand chapters.
namely - und zwar, nämlich
ofDharma - vonDharma
separately - getrennt
related - verwandt; sich beziehen, erzählen, berichten
compiled - zusammengestellt; zusammenstellen, kompilieren
referred - verwiesen; überweisen (an)
wereexpounded - warenexponiert
follower - Mitläufer; Nachfolger, Nachfolgerin, Anhänger, Follower
1st. Sadharana (general topics).
general - allgemein, generell, General
2nd. Samprayogika (embraces, etc.).
embraces - umarmt; umarmen, annehmen, umarmen, Umarmung
3rd. Kanya Samprayuktaka (union of males and females).
Union - Vereinigung, Union, Verein, Verband
females - weiblich, Weib
4th. Bharyadhikarika (on one's own wife).
5th. Paradika (on the wives of other people).
6th. Vaisika (on courtesans).
courtesans - Kurtisanen; Hofdame, Kurtisane
7th. Aupamishadika (on the arts of seduction, tonic medicines, etc.).
seduction - Verführung
tonic - Stärkungsmittel, Tonika
medicines - Medikamente; Heilkunst, Heilkunde, Arznei
The sixth part of this last work was separately expounded by Dattaka atthe request of the public women of Pataliputra (Patna), and in the sameway Charayana explained the first part of it. The remaining parts, viz.,the second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh were each separatelyexpounded by--
sixth part - Sechstel
atthe - der
request - Anfrage; anfordern, erwünschen, verlangen nach, begehren
public - öffentlich; Publikum, Öffentlichkeit
third - dritte; Dritter, Dritte, Drittel, Drittel, Terz, dreiteilen
seventh - siebte; Septime
separatelyexpounded - gesondert ausgewiesen
Suvarnanabha (second part).
Ghotakamukha (third part).
Gonardiya (fourth part).
Gonikaputra (fifth part).
Kuchumara (seventh part), respectively.
respectively - bzw
FOOTNOTES
Footnotes - FUSSNOTIZEN; Fußnote, Fußnote
[Footnote 1: Dharma is acquisition of religious merit, and is fullydescribed in Chapter 5, Volume III., of Talboys Wheeler's 'History ofIndia,'and in the edicts of Asoka.]
Footnote - Fußnote
acquisition - Erwerb, Aneignung
fullydescribed - vollständig beschrieben
volume - Volumen; Lautstärke; Jahrgang; Band; Volume
ofIndia - vonIndien
edicts - Erlasse; Edikt
[Footnote 2: Artha is acquisition of wealth and property, etc.]
property - Eigentum, Besitz, Anwesen, Grundbesitz, Grundstück, Eigenschaft
[Footnote 3: Kama is love, pleasure and sensual gratification.
These three words are retained throughout in their original, astechnical terms. They may also be defined as virtue, wealth andpleasure, the three things repeatedly spoken of in the Laws of Manu.]
retained - zurückgehalten; behalten, festhalten
throughout - durchgehend; überall
astechnical - atechnisch
terms - Bedingungen; Termin, Semester, Begriff; Spielzeit
defined - definiert; bestimmen, definieren, definieren
andpleasure - undVergnügen
repeatedly - wiederholt
BEING THE INDEX TO OR CONTENTS OF THE WORK.
index - Index, Verzeichnis, indizieren
Chapter II. Observations on the three worldly attainments of Virtue, Wealth and Love.
observations - Beobachtungen; Beobachtung, Bemerkung
attainments - Errungenschaften; Erlangen
" III. On the study of the Sixty-four Arts.
" IV. On the Arrangements of a House, and Household Furniture; and about the Daily Life of a Citizen, his Companions, Amusements, &c.
arrangements - Vereinbarungen; Anordnung
household - Haushalt
furniture - Möbel
daily - tgl, tägl. täglich, tägliche, tagtäglich
citizen - Staatsbürger, Staatsbürgerin, Einwohner
Companions - Gefährten; Begleiter, Freund, Liebhaber, Kamerad, Gefährte
amusements - Vergnügungen; Amüsement
" V. About classes of Women fit and unfit for Congress with the Citizen, and of Friends, and Messengers.
unfit - ungeeignet; untauglich; schlapp
Congress - Kongress, Tagung
Messengers - Boten; Kurier, Bote, Botschafter
ON SEXUAL UNION.
sexual - sexuell
Chapter I. Kinds of Union according to Dimensions, Force of Desire, and Time; and on the different kinds of Love.
dimensions - Abmessungen; Dimension, Dimension, Dimension, Dimension
force - Kraft; zwingen, forcieren, erzwingen; Stärke, Macht, Einfluss
desire - begehren; Begehren, Wunsch
" II. Of the Embrace.
Embrace - umarmen; annehmen, Umarmung
" III. On Kissing.
kissing - küssen
" IV. On Pressing or Marking with the Nails.
pressing - auf etwas drücken, zusammendrücken, nachdrücklich
marking - Kennzeichnung, Stempelung, markierend; (mark); Markus
nails - Nägel; nageln (derb. koitieren); annageln, Nagel, nageln
" V. On Biting, and the ways of Love to be employed with regard to Women of different countries.
biting - beißend; bissig, beißend; stechend; (bit); beißend; bissig
employed - beschäftigt; einstellen, anstellen, anwerben, einsetzen
" VI. On the various ways of Lying Down, and the different kinds of Congress.
lying - Lügen; liegend; (lie) Lügen; liegend
" VII. On the various ways of Striking, and of the Sounds appropriate to them.
appropriate - angebracht, angemessen, passend, zugewiesen, anpassen, aneignen
" VIII. About feMales acting the part of Males.
males - männlich, männlich, Mann, Männchen
acting - Schauspielerei; amtierend, stellvertretend, geschäftsführend
" IX. On holding the Lingam in the Mouth.
holding - haltend; (hold) haltend
lingam - Lingam
" X. How to begin and how to end the Congress. Different kinds of Congress, and Love Quarrels.
quarrels - Streitigkeiten; sich streiten, zanken
ABOUT THE ACQUISITION OF A WIFE.
Chapter I. Observations on Betrothal and Marriage.
betrothal - Verlobung, Verlöbnis
marriage - Ehe, Heirat, Hochzeit, Eheschließung
" II. About creating Confidence in the Girl.
confidence - Selbstgewissheit; Zuversicht; Vertrauen, Zutrauen
" III. Courtship, and the manifestations of the feelings by outward signs and deeds.
courtship - Umwerbung; Brautwerbung, Freien, Liebeswerben
manifestations - Manifestationen; Manifestation, Erscheinung
feelings - Gefühle; Gefühl, Eindruck
outward - nach außen; äußerlich, auswärts
deeds - Taten; Tat, Akt, Werk
" IV. On things to be done only by the Man, and the acquisition of the Girl thereby. Also what to be done by a Girl to gain over a Man and subject him to her.
thereby - dabei; dadurch, damit, deswegen, darum
gain - Gewinn, Zunahme, Verstärkung; erwerben, gewinnen, erlangen
" V. On the different Forms of Marriage.
ABOUT A WIFE.
Chapter I. On the manner of living of a virtuous Woman, and of her behaviour during the absence of her Husband.
manner - Art und Weise; Weise, Manier
virtuous - züchtig, tugendhaft, tugendsam
behaviour - Verhalten, Benehmen, Betragen; Fahrverhalten
absence - Abwesenheit, Absenz, Fehlen, Absence
" II. On the conduct of the eldest Wife towards the other Wives of her husband, and of the younger Wife towards the elder ones. Also on the conduct of a Virgin Widow re-married; of a Wife disliked by her Husband; of the Women in the King's Harem; and of a Husband who has more than one Wife.
towards - zu, in Richtung, nach, auf, zu, gegenüber, für, um, zwecks
Virgin - Jungfrau; jungfräulich; nativ
widow - Witwe; Hurenkind
disliked - nicht mochte; Unbehagen
harem - Harem
ABOUT THE WIVES OF OTHER PEOPLE.
Chapter I. On the Characteristics of Men and Women, and the reason why Women reject the Addresses of Men. About Men who have Success with Women, and about Women who are easily gained over.
characteristics - Eigenschaften; charakteristisch, bezeichnend, kennzeichnend
reject - verwerfen, ablehnen, zurückweisen
easily - leicht
Gained - Gewonnen; Gewinn, Zunahme, Verstärkung; erwerben, gewinnen
" II. About making Acquaintance with the Woman, and of the efforts to gain her over.
acquaintance - Bekanntschaft, Umgang, Bekannter, Bekannte
efforts - Anstrengungen; Anstrengung, Aufwand
" III. Examination of the State of a Woman's mind.
examination - Prüfung, Untersuchung, Test, Überprüfung
state - Staat, Land, Bundesland, Zustand, erklären, darlegen, nennen
mind - Verstand, Geist, Sinn, Bewusstsein, Gedächtnis, Gedanken
" IV. The business of a Go-between.
" V. On the Love of Persons in authority with the Wives of other People.
authority - Autorität; Autorität; Behörde
" VI. About the Women of the Royal Harem, and of the keeping of one's own Wife.
Royal - königlich; Royal; Royalsegel
ABOUT COURTESANS.
Chapter I. Of the Causes of a Courtesan resorting to Men; of the means of Attaching to herself the Man desired, and the kind of Man that it is desirable to be acquainted with.
causes - Ursache, Anlass, Grund, Sache, verursachen, auslösen, lassen
courtesan - Hofdame; Kurtisane
resorting - Zuflucht nehmen; umsortieren; Badeort (Seebad)
attaching - anbringen
desired - gewünscht; begehren, begehren, Begehren
desirable - erwünscht; wünschenswert
" II. Of a Courtesan living with a Man as his Wife.
" III. Of the means of getting Money; of the Signs of a Lover who is beginning to be weary, and of the way to get rid of him.
lover - Geliebte, Liebhaber, Liebhaberin
weary - müde
rid - loswerden; befreien
" IV. About a Re-union with a former Lover.
former - erstgenannt, ehem. ehemalig, frühere, früher
" V. Of different kinds of Gain.
" VI. Of Gains and Losses, attendant Gains and Losses, and Doubts; and lastly, the different kinds of Courtesans.
gains - Gewinn, Zunahme, Verstärkung; erwerben, gewinnen, erlangen
losses - Verluste; Verlust, Ausfall; Kursverlust
attendant - Betreuer; Begleiter, Wächter, Aufpasser, Aufseher
doubts - bezweifeln, zweifeln, Zweifel
Lastly - Und schließlich; schließlich, zuletzt
ON THE MEANS OF ATTRACTING OTHERS TO ONE'S SELF.
attracting - anziehend; anziehen, anziehen (1, 2)
self - Selbst
Chapter I. On Personal Adornment, subjugating the hearts of others, and of tonic medicines.
adornment - Verzierung
subjugating - Unterwerfung; unterjochen, unterwerfen
hearts - Herzen; Herz, Herzstück
" II. Of the Means of exciting Desire, and of the ways of enlarging the Lingam. Miscellaneous Experiments and Receipts.
enlarging - vergrößert; vergrößern
miscellaneous - Verschiedenes
experiments - Experimente; Experiment
receipts - Quittungen; Empfang, Einnahme, Empfangsbestätigung, Quittung
ON THE ACQUISITION OF DHARMA, ARTHA AND KAMA.
Man, the period of whose life is one hundred years, should practiseDharma, Artha, and Kama at different times and in such a manner thatthey may harmonize together and not clash in any way. He should acquirelearning in his childhood, in his youth and middle age he should attendto Artha and Kama, and in his old age he should perform Dharma, and thusseek to gain Moksha, _i.e._, release from further transmigration.
practiseDharma - Dharma praktizieren
thatthey - dass sie
harmonize - harmonieren; harmonisieren
clash - zusammenstoßen; Scheppern, Geschepper, Zusammenstoß
acquirelearning - erwerbenLernen
childhood - Kindheit, Kindschaft, Kinderzeit, Anfangszeit
youth - Jugend, Jugendlichkeit, Jugendzeit, Jugendlicher, Jugendliche
Middle - Mittelpunkt; Mitte; Mittel-, mittlere, mittig
perform - durchführen; verrichten; Arbeit leisten, Arbeit verrichten
thusseek - also suchen
Moksha - Mokscha
release - Freigabe, Freisetzung, Befreiung, Erlösung
transmigration - Seelenwanderung; Auswanderung
Or, onaccount of the uncertainty of life, he may practise them at times whenthey are enjoined to be practised. But one thing is to be noted, heshould lead the life of a religious student until he finishes hiseducation.
uncertainty - Unsicherheit, Ungewissheit
whenthey - oder nicht
enjoined - auferlegt; auferlegen, vorschreiben, anordnen, ermahnen, mahnen
heshould - sollte
lead - führen, anführen, leiten;aus Blei;Aufmacher ;Anschlussdraht , Blei , Führung
hiseducation - seine Ausbildung
_Dharma_ is obedience to the command of the Shastra or Holy Writ of theHindoos to do certain things, such as the performance of sacrifices,which are not generally done because they do not belong to this world,and produce no visible effect; and not to do other things, such aseating meat, which is often done because it belongs to this world, andhas visible effects.
obedience - Gehorsam, Folgsamkeit, Gehorsamkeit
Command - Befehl, Kommando, befehlen, kommandieren, gebieten, beherrschen
performance - Durchführung, Leistung, Aufführung, Auftritt, Performance
sacrifices - opfern, opfern, Opfer
produce - produzieren, herstellen, vorlegen, Produkt, Obst und Gemüse
visible - sichtbar
belongs - gehört; zugehören; gehören (zu)
andhas - und hat
effects - Auswirkungen; Auswirkung, Wirkung, Eindruck, Effekt, Effekt
Dharma should be learnt from the Shruti (Holy Writ), and from thoseconversant with it.
learnt from - entnahm
thoseconversant - Diejenigen, die sich auskennen
_Artha_ is the acquisition of arts, land, gold, cattle, wealth,equipages and friends. It is, further, the protection of what isacquired, and the increase of what is protected.
gold - Gold
cattle - Kühe, Rinder, Rindvieh
equipages - Ausrüstung, Equipage
protection - Schutz
isacquired - erworben wird
increase - erhöhen; zunehmen, steigen, ansteigen, wachsen
protected - geschützt; schützen, beschützen
Artha should be learnt from the king's officers, and from merchants whomay be versed in the ways of commerce.
officers - Offiziere; Funktionär, Funktionärin, Beamter, Beamtin, Offizier
merchants - Kaufleute; Kaufmann, Kauffrau
whomay - wen
be versed in - in etw. versiert sein
commerce - Handel, Kommerz
_Kama_ is the enjoyment of appropriate objects by the five senses ofhearing, feeling, seeing, tasting, and smelling, assisted by the mindtogether with the soul. The ingredient in this is a peculiar contactbetween the organ of sense and its object, and the consciousness ofpleasure which arises from that contact is called Kama.
enjoyment - Genuss, Vergnügen
ofhearing - des Gehörs
tasting - Verkostung; schmeckend
smelling - riechend; (smell); Geruch; Geruchssinn, Riechen, stinken
assisted - assistiert; assistieren, helfen, beistehen, unterstützen
soul - Inbrunst, Seele, Gefühl, Herz
ingredient - Bestandteil, Ingredienz, Inhaltsstoff, Zutat
peculiar - eigentümlich; merkwürdig, seltsam
organ - Organ; Orgel
sense - Sinn; Gefühl, Verstand, Bedeutung, wahrnehmen, empfinden
consciousness - Bewusstsein, Gewahrsein, Erkenntnis, Bewusstheit
ofpleasure - der Freude
arises from - entspringt
contact - Kontakt, Berührung, Verbindung, Kontaktlinse, berühren
Kama is to be learnt from the Kama Sutra (aphorisms on love) and fromthe practice of citizens.
fromthe - von der
citizens - Staatsbürger, Staatsbürgerin, Bürger, Bürgerin, Einwohner
When all the three, viz., Dharma, Artha, and Kama come together, theformer is better than the one which follows it, _i.e._, Dharma is betterthan Artha, and Artha is better than Kama. But Artha should be alwaysfirst practised by the king, for the livelihood of men is to be obtainedfrom it only. Again, Kama being the occupation of public women, theyshould prefer it to the other two, and these are exceptions to thegeneral rule.
betterthan - besser als
alwaysfirst - immer zuerst
livelihood - Lebensunterhalt, Lebensgrundlage, Auskommen, Existenzgrundlage
obtainedfrom - erhalten
occupation - Beschäftigung, Beruf, Besatzung; Besetzung; q
theyshould - Sie sollten
exceptions - Ausnahmen; Ausnahme, Ausnahme, Ausnahme, Ausnahmebedingung
_Objection 1._
objection - Beanstandung; Einwand, Widerspruch, Einspruch
Some learned men say that as Dharma is connected with things notbelonging to this world, it is appropriately treated of in a book; andso also is Artha, because it is practised only by the application ofproper means, and a knowledge of those means can only be obtained bystudy and from books. But Kama being a thing which is practised even bythe brute creation, and which is to be found everywhere, does not wantany work on the subject.
connected - verbunden; verbinden, anschließen, verbinden
notbelonging - Nichtzugehörigkeit
andso - und so
application - Anwendung; Anwendung, Applikation, App, Antrag, Bewerbung
ofproper - der ordnungsgemäßen
obtained - erlangen, erhalten, bestehen
bystudy - durch Studium
bythe - von der
brute - Tier, brutaler Kerl, brutal, Vieh
creation - Erfindung, Werk, Kreation, Schöpfung
wantany - Willst du
_Answer._
_Objection 2._
The Lokayatikas[4] say:--Religious ordinances should not be observed,for they bear a future fruit, and at the same time it is also doubtfulwhether they will bear any fruit at all. What foolish person will giveaway that which is in his own hands into the hands of another?
ordinances - Verordnungen; Verfügung, Verordnung, Anordnung, Dekret
observed - beobachtet; beobachten, beachten, halten, bemerken
doubtfulwhether - Zweifelhaft, ob
foolish - dumm, närrisch, töricht
oreover, it is better to have a pigeon to-day than a peacock to-morrow;and a copper coin which we have the certainty of obtaining, is betterthan a gold coin, the possession of which is doubtful.
pigeon - Taube
peacock - Pfau
morrow - morgen; Morgen
copper - Kupfer
certainty - Gewissheit
obtaining - zu erhalten; erlangen, erhalten, bestehen
gold coin - Goldmünze
possession - Gut; Besessenheit; Ballbesitz
doubtful - zweifelhaft; zweifelnd
_Answer._
It is not so. 1st. Holy Writ, which ordains the practice of Dharma, doesnot admit of a doubt.
ordains - ordiniert; festlegen, weihen
doesnot - oder nicht
admit of - zulassen
doubt - bezweifeln, Zweifel
2nd. Sacrifices such as those made for the destruction of enemies, orfor the fall of rain, are seen to bear fruit.
destruction - Zerstörung, Vernichtung
enemies - Feinde; Feind, Feindin, Gegner, Gegnerin, feindlich
orfor - oder für
bear fruit - Früchte tragen
3rd. The sun, moon, stars, planets and other heavenly bodies appear towork intentionally for the good of the world.
moon - Mond, Erdtrabant, Erdsatellit
planets - Planeten; Planet, Wandelstern, Planet, Planet
heavenly bodies - Weltkörper
towork - zu arbeiten
intentionally - absichtlich
4th. The existence of this world is effected by the observance of therules respecting the four classes[5] of men and their four stages oflife.
effected - beeinträchtigt; Auswirkung, Wirkung, Eindruck, Effekt, Effekt
observance - Beobachtung; Beachtung
therules - die Regeln
respecting - Achtung, Respekt, respektieren, respektieren, respektieren
stages - Stufen; Stufe, Etappe, Bühne, qualifier
oflife - des Lebens
5th. We see that seed is thrown into the ground with the hope of futurecrops.
ground - Masse (elektrisch); Erdboden, Grund, Boden
Vatsyayana is therefore of opinion that the ordinances of religion mustbe obeyed.
religion - Religion
mustbe - muss sein
obeyed - gehorcht; gehorchen, befolgen
_Objection 3._
Those who believe that destiny is the prime mover of all things say:--Weshould not exert ourselves to acquire wealth, for sometimes it is notacquired although we strive to get it, while at other times it comes tous of itself without any exertion on our part. Everything is thereforein the power of destiny, who is the lord of gain and loss, of successand defeat, of pleasure and pain.
destiny - das Schicksal; Los, Geschick, Schicksal
prime mover - Antriebsmaschine , Sattelzugmaschine
ourselves - uns selbst; uns
notacquired - nicht erworben
although - obwohl, obschon, trotzdem
strive - erstreben, bestreben
exertion - Anstrengung, Kraftanstrengung, Anspannung, Ausübung
thereforein - daher
power - Macht, Kraft, Großmacht, Stärke, Strom
Loss - Verlust, Ausfall; Kursverlust
successand - Erfolg und
defeat - vernichten, ablehnen, vereiteln, besiegen; Niederlage
pain - Schmerzen; Qual, Stich (Schmerz), Schmerz
Thus we see the Bali[6] was raised tothe throne of Indra by destiny, and was also put down by the same power,and it is destiny only that can re-instate him.
raised - angehoben; Gehaltszulage; aufsteigen, anheben, erhöhen
tothe - den
throne - Thron
instate - einsetzen
_Answer._
It is not right to say so. As the acquisition of every objectpre-supposes at all events some exertion on the part of man, theapplication of proper means may be said to be the cause of gaining allour ends, and this application of proper means being thus necessary(even where a thing is destined to happen), it follows that a person whodoes nothing will enjoy no happiness.
supposes - vermutet; annehmen, vermuten, vermeinen, vermuten, annehmen
theapplication - die Anwendung
proper - richtig, passend, angemessen, eigentlich, Eigenname
cause - Ursache, Anlass, Grund, verursachen, auslösen, lassen
gaining - zu gewinnen; gewinnend
necessary - nötig, notwendig, erforderlich, zwangsläufig, geboten
destined - bestimmt; bestimmen, vorbestimmen
whodoes - Wer tut das
Happiness - Glücklich sein; Glück, Glücklichkeit, Fröhlichkeit
_Objection 4._
Those who are inclined to think that Artha is the chief object to beobtained argue thus. Pleasures should not be sought for, because theyare obstacles to the practice of Dharma and Artha, which are bothsuperior to them, and are also disliked by meritorious persons.Pleasures also bring a man into distress, and into contact with lowpersons; they cause him to commit unrighteous deeds, and produceimpurity in him; they make him regardless of the future, and encouragecarelessness and levity. And lastly, they cause him to be disbelieved byall, received by none, and despised by everybody, including himself.
inclined - geneigt; neigen, neigen, neigen, Neigung, Anstieg, Gefälle
object to - Einspruch erheben gegen, beanstanden
beobtained - erhalten werden
argue - diskutieren, erörtern, streiten, argumentieren
pleasures - Vergnügungen; Vergnügen
sought - gesucht; suchen
theyare - sie sind
obstacles - Hindernisse; Hindernis
bothsuperior - beide überlegen
meritorious - verdienstvoll
distress - Kummer, Bedrängnis, Drangsal, Bekümmerung, Not
commit - einweisen, einliefern, begehen, verbrechen, verüben
unrighteous - ungerecht
produceimpurity - Unreinheit produzieren
regardless - egal; rücksichtslos; trotzdem, dennoch
encouragecarelessness - Sorglosigkeit fördern
levity - Lockerheit, Unbeschwertheit, Ungezwungenheit, Leichtfertigkeit
disbelieved - nicht geglaubt; ungläubig
byall - von allen
received - bekommen, erhalten, empfangen, kriegen, empfangen
despised - verachtet; verachten
Itis notorious, moreover, that many men who have given themselves up topleasure alone, have been ruined along with their families andrelations. Thus, King Dandakya,[7] of the Bhoja dynasty, carried off aBrahman's daughter with evil intent, and was eventually ruined and losthis kingdom. Indra, too, having violated the chastity of Ahalya,[8] wasmade to suffer for it. In a like manner the mighty Kichaka,[9] who triedto seduce Draupadi, and Ravana,[10] who attempted to gain over Sita, werepunished for their crimes. These and many others fell by reason of theirpleasures.
notorious - notorisch
Moreover - außerdem, überdies, des Weiteren, obendrein
alone - allein, einsam, selbst, nur, ausschließlich
ruined - ruiniert; Ruine, Ruin, Ruin, ruinieren, auf die Knie zwingen
andrelations - und Beziehungen
dynasty - Dynastie, Herrschergeschlecht, Herrscherhaus, Herrscherhaus
carried off - weggerafft
evil - böse; Sünde, übel, üblen, Ăśbel
intent - Absicht
losthis - verloren
Kingdom - Königreich, Königtum
violated - verstoßen; verletzen, brechen, überschreiten, mißachten
chastity - Keuschheit
wasmade - gemacht wurde
suffer - leiden; erleiden
mighty - gewaltig, mächtig
triedto - versucht
seduce - verführen, verleiten
attempted - Versucht; versuchen, Versuch, Bestreben
werepunished - bestraft wurden
crimes - Straftat, Verbrechen
theirpleasures - ihre Vergnügungen
_Answer._
This objection cannot be sustained, for pleasures, being as necessaryfor the existence and well being of the body as food, are consequentlyequally required. They are, moreover, the results of Dharma and Artha.Pleasures are, therefore, to be followed with moderation and caution. Noone refrains from cooking food because there are beggars to ask for it,or from sowing seed because there are deer to destroy the corn when itis grown up.
sustained - unterhalten, aufrechterhalten, versorgen, unterhalten
necessaryfor - notwendig für
consequentlyequally - konsequenterweise auch
required - erforderlich; erfordern, brauchen, benötigen
moderation - Maßhalten; Mäßigung; Diskussionsleitung
caution - Warnung, Vorsicht, Achtsamkeit, Behutsamkeit, Kaution, warnen
refrains - zurückhalten; Refrain, Kehrreim
beggars - Bettler, Bettlerin
sowing - Aussaat, Saat, säend, Säen; (sow) Aussaat, Saat, säend, Säen
deer - Rehe; Hirsch
destroy - zerstören, vernichten
corn - Mais; Korn, Getreide, Hühnerauge
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 4: These were certainly materialists who seemed to think thata bird in the hand was worth two in the bush.]
Certainly - sicherlich, zweifellos, gewiss, freilich
materialists - Materialisten; Materialist, Materialistin, Materialist
seemed - schien; scheinen, dünken
thata - dassa
worth - wert
bush - Buchse, Strauch, Busch
[Footnote 5: Among the Hindoos the four classes of men are the Brahmansor priestly class, the Kshutrya or warlike class, the Vaishya oragricultural and mercantile class, and the Shoodra or menial class. Thefour stages of life are, the life of a religious student, the life of ahouseholder, the life of a hermit, and the life of a Sunyasi ordevotee.]
priestly - priesterlich
warlike - streitlustig, angriffslustig, kampfeslustig, kriegerisch
oragricultural - oder landwirtschaftlich
mercantile - kaufmännisch
menial - unbedeutend; untergeordnet; nieder, niedrig
ahouseholder - ein Hausbesitzer
Hermit - Einsiedler, Eremit, Klausner
ordevotee - oderdevotee
[Footnote 6: Bali was a demon who had conquered Indra and gained histhrone, but was afterwards overcome by Vishnu at the time of his fifthincarnation.]
demon - Dämon, Teufel
conquered - erobert; erobern
histhrone - Histhron
overcome - überwunden; überwinden
Vishnu - Wischnu, Vishnu
fifthincarnation - Fünfte Inkarnation
[Footnote 7: Dandakya is said to have abducted from the forest thedaughter of a Brahman, named Bhargava, and being cursed by the Brahman,was buried with his kingdom under a shower of dust. The place was calledafter his name the Dandaka forest, celebrated in the Ramayana, but nowunknown.]
abducted - entführt; entführen, abspreizen, wegziehen
forest - Wald, Forst, Gehölz, Hain, aufforsten; (fore); Wald, Forst
thedaughter - dieTochter
cursed - verflucht, verfluchte; (curs) verflucht, verfluchte
buried - vergraben, verbergen, begraben
dust - Staub; entstauben, abstauben, ein Sandbad nehmen, sandbaden
calledafter - danach angerufen
celebrated - gefeiert; feiern, zelebrieren, feiern, zelebrieren, halten
nowunknown - jetzt unbekannt
[Footnote 8: Ahalya was the wife of the sage Gautama. Indra caused herto believe that he was Gautama, and thus enjoyed her. He was cursed byGautama and subsequently afflicted with a thousand ulcers on his body.]
afflicted with - geplagt
ulcers - Geschwüre; Geschwür
[Footnote 9: Kichaka was the brother-in-law of King Virata, with whomthe Pandavas had taken refuge for one year. Kichaka was killed by Bhima,who assumed the disguise of Draupadi. For this story the Mahabaratashould be referred to.]
law - Gesetz, Jura, Rechtswissenschaft
whomthe - wen
refuge - Zuflucht; Herberge
killed - getötet; vernichten, totmachen, löschen, zerstören, töten
assumed - angenommen; annehmen, voraussetzen, vermuten, unterstellen
disguise - Verkleidung; Tarnung; verstellen
[Footnote 10: The story of Ravana is told in the Ramayana, which with theMahabarata form the two great epic poems of the Hindoos; the latter waswritten by Vyasa, and the former by Valmiki.]
theMahabarata - dasMahabarata
epic poems - Heldengedichte
ON THE ARTS AND SCIENCES TO BE STUDIED.
Man should study the Kama Sutra and the arts and sciences subordinatethereto, in addition to the study of the arts and sciences contained inDharma and Artha. Even young maids should study this Kama Sutra alongwith its arts and sciences before marriage, and after it they shouldcontinue to do so with the consent of their husbands.
subordinatethereto - unterzuordnen
Addition - Zufügung, Hinzufügung, Zusatz, Addition, Summant
contained - enthalten
maids - Dienstmädchen; Mädchen
alongwith - mit
shouldcontinue - fortgesetzt werden sollte
consent - zustimmen, einwilligen, Zustimmung, Konsens, Einverständnis
Here some learned men object, and say that females, not being allowed tostudy any science, should not study the Kama Sutra.
allowed - erlaubt; erlauben, zulassen, akzeptieren, erlauben, zulassen
tostudy - zu studieren
But Vatsyayana is of opinion that this objection does not hold good, forwomen already know the practice of Kama Sutra, and that practice isderived from the Kama Shastra, or the science of Kama itself. Moreover,it is not only in this but in many other cases that though the practiceof a science is known to all, only a few persons are acquainted with therules and laws on which the science is based. Thus the Yadnikas orsacrificers, though ignorant of grammar, make use of appropriate wordswhen addressing the different Deities, and do not know how these wordsare framed. Again, persons do the duties required of them on auspiciousdays, which are fixed by astrology, though they are not acquainted withthe science of astrology.
hold - halten; innehaben
forwomen - für Frauen
isderived - abgeleitet ist
though - aber; trotzdem, doch, allerdings, obwohl, obgleich
practiceof - Praxis der
based - basiert; Bas
orsacrificers - oropfer
ignorant - unwissend; ignorant
Grammar - Grammatik, Sprachlehre, Grammatiktheorie
wordswhen - wortwenn
deities - Götter; Gott, Gottheit
wordsare - Worte sind
framed - gerahmt; ausarbeiten, entwerfen, einfassen, einrahmen, rahmen
duties - Pflichten; Pflicht, Schicht, Arbeitszeit, Zoll, Einfuhrsteuer
auspiciousdays - Verheißungsvolle Tage
fixed - repariert; reparieren, flicken, fixieren, befestigen
astrology - Astrologie
withthe - mit dem
In a like manner riders of horses andelephants train these animals without knowing the science of traininganimals, but from practice only. And similarly the people of the mostdistant provinces obey the laws of the kingdom from practice, andbecause there is a king over them, and without further reason.[11] Andfrom experience we find that some women, such as daughters of princesand their ministers, and public women, are actually versed in the KamaShastra.
riders - Reitern; Reiter, Reiterin, Mitfahrer, Mitfahrerin
andelephants - und Elefanten
traininganimals - Trainingstiere
similarly - in ähnlicher Weise
mostdistant - am weitesten entfernt
provinces - Provinzen; Provinz, Land
obey - gehorchen; befolgen
andbecause - undweil
Experience - Erlebnis, Erfahrung, Praxis
princesand - Fürstensand
ministers - Ministerinnen und Minister; Gesandter, Pastor, Minister
actually - Ja, also eigentlich ...;eigentlich, wirklich, tatsächlich
versed - versiert; Strophe
A female, therefore, should learn the Kama Shastra, or at least a partof it, by studying its practice from some confidential friend. Sheshould study alone in private the sixty-four practices that form a partof the Kama Shastra. Her teacher should be one of the following persons,viz., the daughter of a nurse brought up with her and alreadymarried,[12] or a female friend who can be trusted in everything, or thesister of her mother (_i.
partof - Teil davon
confidential - vertraulich
alreadymarried - bereits verheiratet
trusted - vertrauenswürdig; Vertrauen
thesister - Ihre Schwester
._, her aunt), or an old female servant, or afemale beggar who may have formerly lived in the family, or her ownsister, who can always be trusted.
servant - Diener, Dienerin, Lakai, Kammerdiener
afemale - eine Frau
beggar - Bettler, Bettlerin
Formerly - früher, ehemals
ownsister - eigene Schwester
The following are the arts to be studied, together with the KamaSutra:--
1. Singing.
2. Playing on musical instruments.
musical - musikalisch; Musical
instruments - Instrumente; Instrument
3. Dancing.
4. Union of dancing, singing, and playing instrumental music.
instrumental music - Instrumentalmusik
5. Writing and drawing.
6. Tattooing.
tattooing - Tätowierung; tätowieren
7. Arraying and adorning an idol with rice and flowers.
arraying - Arrangieren; Bekleidung, Tracht, Arrangement
adorning - schmücken, zieren, verzieren
idol - Idol, Götze
8. Spreading and arraying beds or couches of flowers, or flowers uponthe ground.
spreading - Ausbreitung; Verteilen, Verteilung, Verbreiten
couches - Liege
uponthe - auf die
9. Colouring the teeth, garments, hair, nails, and bodies, _i.e._,staining, dyeing, colouring and painting the same.
garments - Kleidungsstücke; Kleidungsstück
staining - Färbung; Beizen (Holz)
Dyeing - färbend, Einfärbung; (dye) färbend, Einfärbung
10. Fixing stained glass into a floor.
fixing - Reparieren; befestigend, fixierend
stained - gefärbt; Fleck, Schandfleck, Fleck, beflecken, beizen
11. The art of making beds, and spreading out carpets and cushions forreclining.
carpets - Teppiche; Teppich, Teppichboden, auslegen, bedecken
cushions - Kissen
forreclining - zum Zurücklehnen
12. Playing on musical glasses filled with water.
13. Storing and accumulating water in aqueducts, cisterns andreservoirs.
storing - Lager
accumulating - anhäufen; aufstauen, sich vermehren
aqueducts - Aquädukte; Aquädukt, Aquädukt
cisterns - Zisternen; Zisterne, Spülkasten
andreservoirs - und Stauseen
14. Picture making, trimming and decorating.
trimming - Trimmen; Beschneiden, Entgraten, Trimmung; (trim); kürzen
decorating - dekorieren; ausschmückend, schmückend; (decorate); ausschmücken
15. Stringing of rosaries, necklaces, garlands and wreaths.
stringing - Bespannung; aufreihend
rosaries - Rosenkränze; Rosenkranz, Rosenkranz
necklaces - Halsketten; Halskette, Collier
garlands - Girlanden; Girlande, Girlande
wreaths - Kränze; Kranz, Gebinde
16. Binding of turbans and chaplets, and making crests and top-knots offlowers.
binding - verbindlich; Bindung; (bind); binden; verbinden, konnektieren
turbans - Turbane; Turban, Turban
chaplets - Kränze; Kranz
crests - Kämme; Gipfel, Kamm, Haube, Krone, Helmzier, Zimir, Helmkleinod
top - oben; Oberteil, Spitze, Gipfel, Deckel, Kappe, Oberteil, Topp
knots - Knoten, Knäuel
offlowers - von Blumen
17. Scenic representations. Stage playing.
Scenic - Landschaftlich; malerisch
Representations - DARSTELLUNGEN; Repräsentation, Abzeichen, Darstellung
18. Art of making ear ornaments.
ornaments - Ornamente; Verzierung, musikalische Verzierung
19. Art of preparing perfumes and odours.
perfumes - Parfums; Duft, Parfüm
odours - Gerüche; Geruch
20. Proper disposition of jewels and decorations, and adornment indress.
disposition - Neigung, Gesinnung, Hang, Veranlagung, Einteilung
decorations - Dekorationen; Dekorieren
indress - unterdrücken
21. Magic or sorcery.
magic - Zauberei, Zauber, Magie, Hexerei
sorcery - Zauberei, Hexerei
22. Quickness of hand or manual skill.
quickness - Schnelligkeit
manual - Leitfaden, manuell, Manual, Handbuch
23. Culinary art, _i.e._, cooking and cookery.
culinary - kulinarisch
cookery - kochen; Kochkunst
24. Making lemonades, sherbets, acidulated drinks, and spirituousextracts with proper flavour and colour.
lemonades - Limonaden; Limonade, Zitrone, Brause, Limonade, Limo
sherbets - Brausebonbons; Sorbet
spirituousextracts - Spirituosenextrakte
flavour - Geschmack, Aroma, Sorte
25. Tailor's work and sewing.
tailor - Schneider, Schneiderin, schneidern, zuschneiden, anpassen
sewing - (to sew) nähen; (sew) (to sew) nähen
26. Making parrots, flowers, tufts, tassels, bunches, bosses, knobs,&c., out of yarn or thread.
parrots - Papageien; Papagei, nachplappern
tufts - Büschel
tassels - Quasten; Quaste
bunches - Trauben; Bund, qualifierlowers, Traube, bündeln, anordnen
bosses - Chefs; Chef, Chefin, Oberhaupt
knobs - Knöpfe; Knopf, Knauf
yarn - Garn; Tau
thread - Thema; Faden, Garn, Zwirn, Nähgarn
27. Solution of riddles, enigmas, covert speeches, verbal puzzles andenigmatical questions.
solution - Lösung
riddles - Rätsel
enigmas - Rätseln; Rätsel
covert - verdeckt; Versteck; Unterholz; Deckfeder
speeches - Reden; Sprache, Rede, Ansprache
verbal - wörtlich, verbal, mündlich, zeitwörtlich
puzzles - Rätsel
andenigmatical - andenigmatisch
28. A game, which consisted in repeating verses, and as one personfinished, another person had to commence at once, repeating anotherverse, beginning with the same letter with which the last speaker'sverse ended, whoever failed to repeat was considered to have lost, andto be subject to pay a forfeit or stake of some kind.
consisted - bestand; zusammensetzend, besteht aus; bestehen (aus)
commence - anfangen, beginnen
anotherverse - ein anderes Universum
speaker - Sprecher, Sprecherin, Lautsprecher, Vorsitzender, Vorsitzende
Whoever - wer immer, wer auch immer
failed - gescheitert; mangelhaft (Zensur 5)
andto - und zu
forfeit - verwirkt; Strafe; Pfand; verwirken, einbüßen, aufgeben
stake - Pfahl, Pflock, Marterpfahl, Scheiterhaufen, Anteil, Einsatz
29. The art of mimicry or imitation.
mimicry - Mimikry, Nachahmung
imitation - Imitation, Nachahmung, Kopie, Imitat
30. Reading, including chanting and intoning.
chanting - skandieren; Kirchenlied, Gesang
intoning - intonieren; anstimmend; (intone) intonieren; anstimmend
31. Study of sentences difficult to pronounce. It is played as a gamechiefly by women and children, and consists of a difficult sentencebeing given, and when repeated quickly, the words are often transposedor badly pronounced.
gamechiefly - spielend leicht
consists - zusammensetzend, besteht aus; bestehen (aus)
sentencebeing - Satz-Wesen
transposedor - transponiert oder
badly - schlecht
pronounced - ausgeprägt; verkünden, aussprechen, pronunzieren, aussprechen
32. Practice with sword, single stick, quarter staff, and bow and arrow.
sword - Schwert; Schwertkämpfer, Schwertkämpferin
single - einzeln, einzig, allein, einheitlich
stick - stich!, ich/er/sie stäche, ich/er/sie stach; Schläger
staff - Stab
bow - verbeugen; Verneigung (vor), Verbeugung; Bogen, Bug (Schiff)
arrow - Richtungspfeil, Pfeil
33. Drawing inferences, reasoning or inferring.
inferences - Schlussfolgerungen; Schlussfolgern
inferring - schlussfolgern, folgern, schließen, Schlüsse ziehen
34. Carpentry, or the work of a carpenter.
carpentry - Schreinerei, Tischlerei, Zimmerei
Carpenter - Schreiner; Zimmermann, Zimmerfrau
35. Architecture, or the art of building.
architecture - Architektur, Baustil
36. Knowledge about gold and silver coins, and jewels and gems.
silver coins - Silbergeld
gems - Edelsteine; Edelstein, Juwel
37. Chemistry and mineralogy.
chemistry - Chemie
mineralogy - Mineralogie
38. Colouring jewels, gems and beads.
beads - Perlen; Perle, Tropfen
39. Knowledge of mines and quarries.
mines - Minen; mein, meiner
quarries - Steinbrüche; stöbern; Beute, Jagdbeute, verfolgtes Wild
40. Gardening; knowledge of treating the diseases of trees and plants,of nourishing them, and determining their ages.
diseases - Krankheiten; Krankheit, qualifier
nourishing - nahrhaft; ernähren, nähren, aufziehen, erziehen, großziehen
determining - bestimmen, eingrenzen, festlegen
41. Art of cock fighting, quail fighting and ram fighting.
cock - Vogelmännchen; Gockel, Hahn; erigierter Penis (vulg.), Pimmel
fighting - (fight) kämpfen, sich streiten; (fight) (fight) kämpfen
quail - Wachtel
ram - RAM
42. Art of teaching parrots and starlings to speak.
starlings - Stare
43. Art of applying perfumed ointments to the body, and of dressing thehair with unguents and perfumes and braiding it.
applying - zutreffen, auflegen, anwenden, anlegen
ointments - Salben; Salbe, Balsam
thehair - die Haare
unguents - Salben; Salbe
braiding - Geflecht; flechtend; (braid) Geflecht; flechtend
44. The art of understanding writing in cypher, and the writing of wordsin a peculiar way.
cypher - Chiffre
45. The art of speaking by changing the forms of words. It is of variouskinds. Some speak by changing the beginning and end of words, others byadding unnecessary letters between every syllable of a word, and so on.
variouskinds - verschiedene Arten von Kindern
byadding - durch Hinzufügen
unnecessary - nicht notwendig, unnötig
syllable - Silbe
46. Knowledge of language and of the vernacular dialects.
vernacular - Nationalsprache; Umgangssprache, Vernakularsprache
dialects - Dialekte; Dialekt, Mundart
47. Art of making flower carriages.
carriages - Kutschen; Kutsche, Gang, Haltung, Wagen, Frachtgeld
48. Art of framing mystical diagrams, of addressing spells and charms,and binding armlets.
framing - umrahmend, Rahmung, Einrahmung; (frame); ausarbeiten, entwerfen
mystical - mystisch
diagrams - Diagramme; Diagramm
charms - Reize; Talisman; Charme, Zauberformel, Lieblichkeit; bezaubern
armlets - Armbänder; Armreif, Armbinde
50. Composing poems.
composing - zusammenstellen, zusammensetzen, komponieren, enthalten
poems - Gedichte; Gedicht
51. Knowledge of dictionaries and vocabularies.
vocabularies - Vokabularien; Vokabeln-p, Wortschatz, Wortliste, Vokabular
52. Knowledge of ways of changing and disguising the appearance ofpersons.
disguising - verkleidend; (disguise); Verkleidung; Tarnung; verstellen
appearance - Erscheinen, Auftritt, Aussehen
ofpersons - vonPersonen
53. Knowledge of the art of changing the appearance of things, such asmaking cotton to appear as silk, coarse and common things to appear asfine and good.
asmaking - machen
cotton - Baumwolle
silk - Seide
coarse - grob, grobkörnig, derb, primitiv
54. Various ways of gambling.
gambling - Glücksspiel; (gamble); Glücksspiel, Hazardspiel, riskant
55. Art of obtaining possession of the property of others by means ofmuntras or incantations.
incantations - Beschwörungen; Beschwörung
56. Skill in youthful sports.
youthful - jugendlich, jung
57. Knowledge of the rules of society, and of how to pay respects andcompliments to others.
Society - Gesellschaft
respects - respektiert; Achtung, Respekt, respektieren, respektieren
andcompliments - und Komplimente
58. Knowledge of the art of war, of arms, of armies, &c.
war - Krieg; Krieg führen
armies - Armeen; Heer
59. Knowledge of gymnastics.
gymnastics - gymnastisch, Gymnastik
60. Art of knowing the character of a man from his features.
character - Figur, Person, Charakter, Original, Buchstabe, Zeichen
features - Merkmale; Besonderheit, Charakteristikum
61. Knowledge of scanning or constructing verses.
scanning - Scannen; Abtastung, lesend, untersuchend; (scan); scannen
constructing - bauen, konstruieren
62. Arithmetical recreations.
arithmetical - arithmetisch
recreations - Wiederherstellung, Erholung
63. Making artificial flowers.
artificial - künstlich
64. Making figures and images in clay.
figures - Zahlen; Abbildung, Figur, Gestalt, Ziffer, Form
images - Bilder; Bild
clay - Lehm, Ton, Asche
A public woman, endowed with a good disposition, beauty and otherwinning qualities, and also versed in the above arts, obtains the nameof a Ganika, or public woman of high quality, and receives a seat ofhonour in an assemblage of men. She is, moreover, always respected bythe king, and praised by learned men, and her favour being sought for byall, she becomes an object of universal regard. The daughter of a kingtoo, as well as the daughter of a minister, being learned in the abovearts, can make their husbands favourable to them, even though these mayhave thousands of other wives besides themselves.
endowed - dotiert; ausstatten
otherwinning - anderes Gewinnen
qualities - Eigenschaften; Qualität, Qualität, Eigenschaft, Qualität
obtains - erhält; erlangen, erhalten, bestehen
nameof - Name von
quality - Qualität, Eigenschaft, Qualität
Receives - Erhält; bekommen, erhalten, empfangen, kriegen, empfangen
seat - Sitz, Sitzplatz, Sitzgelegenheit, Stuhl, Sitzmöbel
ofhonour - der Ehre
assemblage - Sammlung, Menge, Versammlung
respected - respektiert; Achtung, Respekt, respektieren, respektieren
Praised - Gelobt; Lob
universal - allgemein, Allgemein-, universell, weltweit, Welt-
minister - Gesandter, Pastor, Minister
favourable - günstig
mayhave - Haben Sie vielleicht
And in the samemanner, if a wife becomes separated from her husband, and falls intodistress, she can support herself easily, even in a foreign country, bymeans of her knowledge of these arts. Even the bare knowledge of themgives attractiveness to a woman, though the practice of them may be onlypossible or otherwise according to the circumstances of each case. A manwho is versed in these arts, who is loquacious and acquainted with thearts of gallantry, gains very soon the hearts of women, even though heis only acquainted with them for a short time.
samemanner - gleiches Verfahren
separated - einzeln, getrennt, separat, getrennt, separat, trennen
support - Rückendeckung, Auflage, Unterstützung; abstützen, befürworten
foreign - Ausland; fremd, ausländisch
bymeans - durch Mittel
bare - knapp, kahl, nackt, bloß; entblößen, abnehmen, freimachen
themgives - gibt
attractiveness - Attraktivität
onlypossible - nur möglich
circumstances - Umstände; Umstand, Umstand
loquacious - wortgewandt; gesprächig, redselig, geschwätzig, schwatzhaft
gallantry - Galanterie; Tapferkeit
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 11: The author wishes to prove that a great many things aredone by people from practice and custom, without their being acquaintedwith the reason of things, or the laws on which they are based, and thisis perfectly true.]
wishes - Wunsch, wünschen, wünschen
Prove - er/sie hat/hatte bewiesen, beweisen, erhärten
aredone - Sind Sie fertig
custom - Brauch, Gewohnheit, Sitte, Usus, Zoll, maßgeschneidert
acquaintedwith - kennengelernt
based - basiert; Grundzahl, Unterlage, Basis, Grund; Bettrost
thisis - das ist
perfectly - perfekt, einwandfrei, vollkommen, durchaus
[Footnote 12: The proviso of being married applies to all the teachers.]
proviso - Bedingung, Maßgabe, Vorbehalt, Vorbehaltsklausel
applies - gilt; zutreffen, auflegen, anwenden, anlegen
THE LIFE OF A CITIZEN.[13]
Having thus acquired learning, a man, with the wealth that he may havegained by gift, conquest, purchase, deposit,[14] or inheritance from hisancestors, should become a householder, and pass the life of a citizen.He should take a house in a city, or large village, or in the vicinityof good men, or in a place which is the resort of many persons. Thisabode should be situated near some water, and divided into differentcompartments for different purposes. It should be surrounded by agarden, and also contain two rooms, an outer and an inner one. The innerroom should be occupied by the females, while the outer room, balmy withrich perfumes, should contain a bed, soft, agreeable to the sightcovered with a clean white cloth, low in the middle part, havinggarlands and bunches of flowers[15] upon it, and a canopy above it, andtwo pillows, one at the top, another at the bottom. There should be alsoa sort of couch besides, and at the head of this a sort of stool, onwhich should be placed the fragrant ointments for the night, as well asflowers, pots containing collyrium and other fragrant substances, thingsused for perfuming the mouth, and the bark of the common citron tree.
acquired - erworben; erwerben, erwerben, akquirieren
havegained - erlangt haben
gift - Geschenk, Präsent, Begabung, Talent, schenken
conquest - Eroberung; Conquest-Modus, Conquestmodus
purchase - Einkauf, Anschaffung, kaufen, anschaffen
deposit - Ablagerung, Vorkommen, Depot, Einzahlung, Anzahlung, Pfand
inheritance - Vererbung; Erbschaft; Erbe, Erbteil
hisancestors - seine Vorfahren
householder - Hauseigentümer; Haushaltsvorstand
pass - passen; (to pass) durchgehen, passieren, durchlaufen
vicinityof - der Umgebung
resort - Ferienort; umsortieren; Badeort (Seebad)
situated - gelegen; aufstellen, unterbringen
differentcompartments - verschiedene Abteilungen
purposes - Zwecke; absicht, Absicht, Einsatzzweck, Zweck
surrounded - umgeben, umringen, umzingeln, umringen
contain - enthalten
innerroom - Innenraum
be occupied - beschäftigt sein
balmy - lauwarm; lindernd, mildernd, sanft
agreeable - angenehm; verträglich, liebenswürdig, gefällig
sightcovered - gesichtet
cloth - Stoff, Tuch
havinggarlands - Gärten haben
canopy - Baldachin, Himmel, Vordach, Überdach, Überhang, Kronendach
andtwo - und zwei
pillows - Kopfkissen
bottom - unten; Boden, Grund, Unterseite, passiv
alsoa - aucha
couch - Liege
stool - Stuhl, Kot, Hocker
onwhich - auf was
fragrant - duftend, wohlriechend
pots - Töpfe; Blumentopf
substances - Stoffe; Substanz, Stoff, Substanz, Substanz, Substanz
thingsused - Dinge verwendet
perfuming - Parfümierung; Duft, Parfüm
bark - Bellen
citron - Zitrone
ear the couch, on the ground, there should be a pot for spitting, a boxcontaining ornaments, and also a lute hanging from a peg made of thetooth of an elephant, a board for drawing, a pot containing perfume,some books, and some garlands of the yellow amaranth flowers. Not farfrom the couch, and on the ground, there should be a round seat, a toycart, and a board for playing with dice; outside the outer roomthere should be cages of birds,[16] and a separate place for spinning,carving, and such like diversions. In the garden there should be awhirling swing and a common swing, as also a bower of creepers coveredwith flowers, in which a raised parterre should be made for sitting.
pot - Blumentopf
spitting - Spucken; (spit) Bratspieß, Spieß (zum Braten)
lute - Kitt, Laute
hanging - (to hang) hängen, schweben; (hang) (to hang) hängen, schweben
peg - Wirbel; Holzdübel, Pflock, Stift, Haltestift
board - Brett, Tafel
perfume - Duft; Parfüm, Duftstoff, Parfum, parfümieren
amaranth - Amarant
farfrom - weit entfernt
toycart - Spielzeugauto
dice - würfeln, in Würfel schneiden
roomthere - Zimmer dort
cages - Käfige; Käfig
separate - einzeln, getrennt, separat, trennen
spinning - Spinnen; (spinning-wheel) Spinnrad; (spin) Spinnen; (spinning-wheel) Spinnrad
carving - Schnitzen; Schnitzerei; (carve); schneiden; tranchieren
diversions - Ablenkungen; Ablenkung, Ablenkungsmanöver
swing - schwingen, schaukeln, schwanken, baumeln, Schaukel, Hutsche
bower - Laube; (bow) Laube
creepers - Kriechtiere; Kriecher, Strampler, Strampelanzug, Kriechpflanze
coveredwith - bedeckt mit
Now the householder having got up in the morning and performed hisnecessary duties,[17] should wash his teeth, apply a limited quantity ofointments and perfumes to his body, put some ornaments on his person andcollyrium on his eyelids and below his eyes, colour his lips withalacktaka,[18] and look at himself in the glass. Having then eaten betelleaves, with other things that give fragrance to the mouth, he shouldperform his usual business. He should bathe daily, anoint his body withoil every other day, apply a lathering[19] substance to his body everythree days, get his head (including face) shaved every four days, andthe other parts of his body every five or ten days.[20] All these thingsshould be done without fail, and the sweat of the armpits should also beremoved. Meals should be taken in the forenoon, in the afternoon, andagain at night, according to Charayana.
performed - durchgeführt; verrichten, Arbeit leisten, Arbeit verrichten
hisnecessary - seins notwendig
apply - gelten; zutreffen, auflegen, anwenden, anlegen
limited - begrenzt, beschränkt; (limit); begrenzt, beschränkt
quantity - Quantität, Menge, in Klammern
ofointments - von Salben
andcollyrium - undollyrium
eyelids - Augenlider; Augenlid
lips - Lippen; Lippe, Auslauf, Überlauf, Schnaupe, Ansatz
fragrance - Parfüm; Duft, Duftnote
shouldperform - leisten sollte
usual - gewöhnlich, üblich
bathe - baden
anoint - ölen, schmieren, einreiben, salben
withoil - mit Öl
substance - Substanz, Stoff
everythree - alle drei
shaved - rasiert; rasieren
andthe - und die
thingsshould - Dinge sollten
done without - entbehrte
fail - mangelhaft (Zensur 5), ungenügend (Zensur 6);jdn. im Stich lassen;fehlschlagen, scheitern, misslingen, versagen
sweat - schwitzen; Schweiß
armpits - Achselhöhlen; Achselhöhle, Dreckloch
beremoved - entfernt werden
forenoon - am Vormittag; Vormittag
andagain - und wieder
After breakfast, parrots andother birds should be taught to speak, and the fighting of cocks,quails, and rams should follow. A limited time should be devoted todiversions with Pithamardas, Vitas, and Vidushakas,[21] and then shouldbe taken the midday sleep.[22] After this the householder, having put onhis clothes and ornaments, should, during the afternoon, converse withhis friends. In the evening there should be singing, and after that thehouseholder, along with his friend, should await in his room, previouslydecorated and perfumed, the arrival of the woman that may be attached tohim, or he may send a female messenger for her, or go for her himself.After her arrival at his house, he and his friend should welcome her,and entertain her with a loving and agreeable conversation. Thus end theduties of the day.
andother - und andere
cocks - Hähne; Vogelmännchen; Gockel, Hahn; erigierter Penis (vulg.)
quails - Wachteln; Wachtel
rams - Widder; RAM
devoted - hingebungsvoll; widmen
todiversions - zu Ablenkungen
shouldbe - sein sollte
midday sleep - Mittagsschlaf
converse - Umkehrung, umgekehrt, Gegenteil
thehouseholder - der Hausherr
await - abwarten; erwarten, harren, warten
previouslydecorated - vorher dekoriert
arrival - Ankunft
attached - befestigt; anbringen
tohim - zu ihm
messenger - Kurier, Bote, Botschafter
entertain - jdn. zu Gast haben;bewirten, unterhalten
theduties - dieAufgaben
The following are the things to be done occasionally as diversions oramusements.
Occasionally - gelegentlich
oramusements - oderamusements
1. Holding festivals[23] in honour of different Deities.
honour - Ehrung, Ehre; ehren; beehren, akzeptieren, annehmen, honorieren
2. Social gatherings of both sexes.
gatherings - Versammlungen; Erfassung, Sammeln, Lese
sexes - Geschlechter; Alter, Geschlecht, Wohnort?, Geschlecht
3. Drinking parties.
4. Picnics.
picnics - Picknicks; Picknick
5. Other social diversions.
_Festivals._
On some particular auspicious day, an assembly of citizens should beconvened in the temple of Saraswati.[24] There the skill of singers, andof others who may have come recently to the town, should be tested, andon the following day they should always be given some rewards. Afterthat they may either be retained or dismissed, according as theirperformances are liked or not by the assembly.
particular - besonders; speziell, bestimmt, spezifisch, genau
auspicious - verheißungsvoll
assembly - Montage; Baugruppe; Versammlung
beconvened - einberufen werden
Temple - Tempel, Schläfe, Bethaus, Synagoge
andof - und von
recently - in letzter Zeit; neulich, kürzlich, letztens, unlängst
rewards - Belohnungen; Belohnung, Lohn
dismissed - entlassen, entlassen, abweisen, einstellen, zurückweisen
theirperformances - ihre Leistungen
The members of theassembly should act in concert, both in times of distress as well as intimes of prosperity, and it is also the duty of these citizens to showhospitality to strangers who may have come to the assembly. What is saidabove should be understood to apply to all the other festivals which maybe held in honour of the different Deities, according to the presentrules.
theassembly - die Versammlung
act in concert - zusammenarbeiten [alt], zusammen arbeiten
prosperity - Prosperität, Wohlstand
Duty - Die Pflicht; Pflicht; Schicht, Arbeitszeit, Zoll, Einfuhrsteuer
showhospitality - Gastfreundschaft zeigen
strangers - Fremde, Fremdling, Unbekannte
saidabove - oben gesagt
held - gehalten; innehaben
_Social Gatherings._
When men of the same age, disposition and talents, fond of the samediversions and with the same degree of education, sit together incompany with public women,[25] or in an assembly of citizens, or at theabode of one among themselves, and engage in agreeable discourse witheach other, such is called a sitting in company or a social gathering.
talents - Talente; Talent
fond - (to be fond of sb/sth) jemanden/etwas gerne mögen
degree - Abschluss; Diplom, akademischer Diplom, Grad, Winkelgrad
education - Ausbildung, Erziehung, Schulung, Unterricht
incompany - Unternehmen
among themselves - untereinander
engage - engagieren; beschäftigen; anstellen; angreifen, anlegen
discourse - Diskurs, Abhandlung, Gespräch, reden, Rede halten
witheach - mit jedem
gathering - Erfassung, Sammeln, Lese; (gather); sammeln, versammeln
he subjects of discourse are to be the completion of verses halfcomposed by others, and the testing the knowledge of one another in thevarious arts. The women who may be the most beautiful, who may like thesame things that the men like, and who may have power to attract theminds of others, are here done homage to.
completion - Fertigstellung, Vervollständigung, Vollendung
halfcomposed - halb komponiert
thesame - dasselbe
attract - anziehen; anziehen (1; 2)
homage - Vasalleneid, Gefolgschaftsschwur, Vasallentreueschwur
_Drinking Parties._
Men and women should drink in one another's houses. And here the menshould cause the public women to drink, and should then drinkthemselves, liquors such as the Madhu, Aireya, Sara, and Asawa, whichare of bitter and sour taste; also drinks concocted from the barks ofvarious trees, wild fruits and leaves.
menshould - sollten
drinkthemselves - selbst zu trinken
liquors - Spirituosen; Spirituose
whichare - Was
Bitter - herb, rau, bitter
sour - sauer, herb, säuerlich, sauer vergoren
taste - Geschmack, Schmecken, kosten, probieren
concocted - ausgeheckt; zusammenbrauen, zusammenmischen, zusammenrühren
barks - bellt; Bellen
ofvarious - von verschiedenen
wild - wild, rau
_Going to Gardens or Picnics._
In the forenoon, men, having dressed themselves should go to gardens onhorseback, accompanied by public women and followed by servants. Andhaving done there all the duties of the day, and passed the time invarious agreeable diversions, such as the fighting of quails, cocks andrams, and other spectacles, they should return home in the afternoon inthe same manner, bringing with them bunches of flowers, &c.
onhorseback - auf dem Rücken eines Pferdes
accompanied - begleitet; begleiten, begleiten, begleiten, begleiten, geleiten
servants - Diener, Dienerin, Lakai, Kammerdiener, Zofe, Bediensteter
invarious - invariant
andrams - undrams
spectacles - Brillen; Spektakel
return home - heimgehen
The same also applies to bathing in summer in water from which wicked ordangerous animals have previously been taken out, and which has beenbuilt in on all sides.
wicked - verrucht; böse; (wick) verrucht; böse
ordangerous - gefährlich
beenbuilt - gebaut worden
all sides - allseitig
_Other Social Diversions._
Spending nights playing with dice. Going out on moonlight nights.Keeping the festive day in honour of spring. Plucking the sprouts andfruits of the mangoe trees. Eating the fibres of lotuses. Eating thetender ears of corn. Picnicing in the forests when the trees get theirnew foliage. The Udakakashvedika or sporting in the water.
moonlight - Mondlicht, Mondschein, Mondenschein
festive day - Festtag
plucking - pflücken, abrupfen, zupfen, schlagen, rupfen, ausrupfen
sprouts - Sprossen; sprießen; Schössling
andfruits - undFrüchte
mangoe - Mango
fibres - Fasern; Faser, Faser
lotuses - Lotosblumen; Hornklee, Lotos, Lotosblume, Lotus
Forests - Wälder; Wald, t+Forst, t+Gehölz
theirnew - ihre neue
foliage - Blätter, Laub, Laubwerk, Blätterwerk
Decoratingeach other with the flowers of some trees. Pelting each other with theflowers of the Kadamba tree, and many other sports which may either beknown to the whole country, or may be peculiar to particular parts ofit. These and similar other amusements should always be carried on bycitizens.
pelting - prasselt; niederprasselnd; (pelt) prasselt; niederprasselnd
theflowers - dieBlumen
beknown - bekannt
ofit - davon
bycitizens - durch die Bürgerinnen und Bürger
The above amusements should be followed by a person who diverts himselfalone in company with a courtesan, as well as by a courtesan who can dothe same in company with her maid servants or with citizens.
diverts - ablenkt; umlenken, umleiten, ablenken, unterhalten
himselfalone - selbständig
maid - Dienstmädchen; Mädchen; Stubenmädchen
A Pithamarda[26] is a man without wealth, alone in the world, whose onlyproperty consists of his Mallika,[27] some lathering, substance and ared cloth, who comes from a good country, and who is skilled in all thearts; and by teaching these arts is received in the company of citizens,and in the abode of public women.
lathering - Einschäumen; Schaum, Seifenschaum
abode - Aufenthalt, bleiben, Wohnsitz
A Vita[28] is a man who has enjoyed the pleasures of fortune, who is acompatriot of the citizens with whom he associates, who is possessed ofthe qualities of a householder, who has his wife with him, and who ishonoured in the assembly of citizens, and in the abodes of public women,and lives on their means and on them.
Fortune - Fortuna; Schicksal, Glück, Vermögen
acompatriot - ein Landsmann
associates - Mitarbeiter; Weggefährte, vereinigen
possessed - besessen; besitzen, besitzen
ishonoured - ishonoriert
abodes - Wohnorte; Aufenthalt, bleiben, Wohnsitz, ertragen
A Vidushaka[29] (also called a Vaihasaka, _i.e._, one who provokeslaughter) is a person only acquainted with some of the arts who is ajester, and who is trusted by all.
provokeslaughter - provoziert Gelächter
ajester - Scherzbold
These persons are employed in matters of quarrels and reconciliationsbetween citizens and public women.
employed - Beschäftigter, Arbeitnehmer, Angestellter
reconciliationsbetween - Versöhnung dazwischen
This remark applies also to female beggars, to women with their headsshaved, to adulterous women, and to old public women skilled in all thevarious arts.
remark - bemerken; Anmerkung, Bemerkung
headsshaved - Kopf rasiert
adulterous - ehebrecherisch
Thus a citizen living in his town or village, respected by all, shouldcall on the persons of his own caste who may be worth knowing. He shouldconverse in company and gratify his friends by his society, and obligingothers by his assistance in various matters, he should cause them toassist one another in the same way.
shouldcall - anrufen sollte
caste - Kaste
shouldconverse - umkehren sollte
gratify - befriedigen, erfreuen
obligingothers - andere verpflichten
toassist - zu helfen
There are some verses on this subject as follows:--
A citizen discoursing, not entirely in the Sanscrit language,[30] norwholly in the dialects of the country, on various topics in society,obtains great respect. The wise should not resort to a society dislikedby the public, governed by no rules, and intent on the destruction ofothers.
discoursing - eine Rede halten; Diskurs, Diskurs, Abhandlung, Diskurs
entirely - vollständig; ganz, total, entirely
norwholly - ganz und gar nicht
respect - Achtung, Respekt, respektieren
wise - weise; klug, vernünftig
dislikedby - Abgelehnt von
governed - regiert; regieren, steuern, regulieren, lenken, regeln
intent on - fest entschlossen zu
ofothers - von anderen
But a learned man living in a society which acts according tothe wishes of the people, and which has pleasure for its only object ishighly respected in this world.
acts - Handlungen; Handlung, Tat, Akt, Gesetz
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 13: This term would appear to apply generally to an inhabitantof Hindoostan. It is not meant only for a dweller in a city, like theLatin Urbanus as opposed to Rusticus.]
term - Termin, Semester, Begriff; Spielzeit, Saison; Amtszeit
inhabitantof - Einwohner von
dweller - Bewohnerin; Bewohner
opposed - gegen; ablehnen, widersprechen
[Footnote 14: Gift is peculiar to a Brahman, conquest to a Kshatrya,while purchase, deposit, and other means of acquiring wealth belongs tothe Vaishya.]
acquiring - Anwerben; erwerben, erwerben, akquirieren
[Footnote 15: Natural garden flowers.]
[Footnote 16: Such as quails, partridges, parrots, starlings, &c.]
Partridges - Rebhühner; Rebhuhn
[Footnote 17: The calls of nature always performed by the Hindoos thefirst thing in the morning.]
[Footnote 18: A colour made from lac.]
lac - Gummilack
[Footnote 19: This would act instead of soap, which was not introduceduntil the rule of the Mahomedans.]
act - handeln; Handlung, Tat, Akt, Gesetz, Akte, Spiel
instead - stattdessen, anstatt
soap - (soap bubble) Seifenblase
introduceduntil - eingeführt werden, bis
[Footnote 20: Ten days are allowed when the hair is taken out with a pairof pincers.]
[Footnote 21: These are characters generally introduced in the Hindoodrama; their characteristics will be explained further on.]
characters - Figur, Person, Charakter, Charakter, Original
further on - weiterhin
[Footnote 22: Noonday sleep is only allowed in summer, when the nightsare short.]
noonday - Mittag, Mittagszeit
[Footnote 23: These are very common in all parts of India.]
[Footnote 24: In the 'Asiatic Miscellany,'and in Sir W. Jones's works,will be found a spirited hymn addressed to this goddess, who is adoredas the patroness of the fine arts, especially of music and rhetoric, asthe inventress of the Sanscrit language, &c., &c. She is the goddess ofharmony, eloquence, and language, and is somewhat analogous to Minerva.For further information about her, see Edward Moor's 'Hindoo Pantheon.']
Asiatic - asiatisch
miscellany - Gemischtes; Gemisch; Sammlung
spirited - temperamentvoll; Geist, Seele, Geist, Stimmung, Schnaps
hymn - Hymne (''now rare in this sense''); Hymnus, Kirchenlied, Loblied
goddess - Göttin, weibliche Gottheit, weiblicher Gott
adoredas - verehrt werden
patroness - Schirmherrin; Gönnerin
fine arts - bildende Künste
rhetoric - Redekunst, Rhetorik
inventress - Erfinderin
ofharmony - der Harmonie
eloquence - Redegewandtheit, Eloquenz, Sprachfertigkeit, Beredsamkeit
analogous - vergleichbar
further information - nähere Auskünfte
Edward - Eduard
moor - verankern; Moor
Pantheon - Pantheon
[Footnote 25: The public women, or courtesans (Vesya), of the earlyHindoos have often been Compared with the Hetera of the Greeks. Thesubject is dealt with at some length in H. H. Wilson's 'Select Specimensof the Theatre of the Hindoos,'in two volumes, Trubner & Co.
Co - US-Bundesstaat
dealt - behandelt; Menge, Handel, Teil, Abkommen
Length - Länge, Längenmaß, Pferdelänge
select - auswählen
in two volumes - zweibändig
1871. Itmay be fairly considered that the courtesan was one of the elements, andan important element too, of early Hindoo society, and that hereducation and intellect were both superior to that of the women of thehousehold. Wilson says, "By the Vesya or courtesan, however, we are notto understand a female who has disregarded the obligation of law or theprecepts of virtue, but a character reared by a state of mannersunfriendly to the admission of wedded females into society, and openingit only at the expense of reputation to women who were trained forassociation with men by personal and mental acquirements to which thematron was a stranger."]
fairly - gerecht
elements - Elemente; Element
intellect - Intellekt
superior - überlegen, höher, höherstehend, übergeordnet, Vorgesetzter
thehousehold - denHaushalt
notto - nicht zu
disregarded - nicht beachtet; Gleichgültigkeit, Nichtbeachten
obligation - Verpflichtung, Pflicht
theprecepts - dieRegeln
reared - aufgezogen; Hinter.., hinterster, Heck, Rück..
mannersunfriendly - unfreundliche Umgangsformen
admission - Zulassung, Aufnahme, Einlass, Anerkennung
wedded - verheiratet; trauen, verheiraten, vermählen, heiraten
openingit - Es öffnen
expense - Kosten; Ausgabe, Aufwand, Verlust
reputation - Ansehen, Ruf, Klang, Bekanntheit
forassociation - für die Assoziation
mental - seelisch, geistig
acquirements - Errungenschaften; Erwerbung, Erlangung
Stranger - Ein Fremder; Fremde, Fremdling
[Footnote 26: According to this description a Pithamarda would be a sortof professor of all the arts, and as such received as the friend andconfidant of the citizens.]
professor - Professor, Professorin, Professorsgattin, Bekenner, Bekennerin
andconfidant - und verunsichert
[Footnote 27: A seat in the form of the letter T.]
[Footnote 28: The Vita is supposed to represent somewhat the characterof the Parasite of the Greek comedy. It is possible that he was retainedabout the person of the wealthy and dissipated as a kind of privateinstructor, as well as an entertaining companion.]
represent - vorstellen, darstellen, vertreten
characterof - Charakter von
parasite - Parasit; Schmarotzer
Greek - griechisch; Griechisch, griechische Sprache, Grieche, Griechin
comedy - Komödie
retainedabout - zurückbehalten
wealthy - wohlhabend, reich
dissipated - verpufft; zerstreuen, zerteilen, verscheuchen, lösen, abbauen
privateinstructor - Privatlehrer
entertaining - unterhaltsam; (entertain); unterhalten
companion - Begleiter, Freund, Liebhaber, Kamerad
[Footnote 29: Vidushaka is evidently the buffoon and jester. Wilson saysof him that he is the humble companion, not the servant, of a prince orman of rank, and it is a curious peculiarity that he is always aBrahman. He bears more affinity to Sancho Panza, perhaps, than any othercharacter in western fiction, imitating him in his combination ofshrewdness and simplicity, his fondness of good living and his love ofease.
buffoon - Possenreißer; Hanswurst, Kasper, Narr, Närrin, kaspern
jester - Narr; Spaßmacher, Spaßmacherin, Clown, Clownin
saysof - sagt der
humble - bescheiden; demütig, ergeben
prince - Fürst; Prinz, Königssohn, Königsenkel, König
rank - (sozialer) Stand, Rang, Dienstgrad
Curious - neugierig, sonderbar, merkwürdig
peculiarity - Singularität, Einzigartigkeit, Besonderheit
bears - Bären; (to bear) ertragen, aushalten
affinity - Affinität; Verwandtschaft, Schwägerschaft
othercharacter - anderesZeichen
Western - westlich, West-, Western
fiction - Fiktion, Belletristik, Erfindung
imitating - Nachahmung; imitieren
combination - Kombinieren; Kombination, Kombinierte, Kombinat, Vereinigung
ofshrewdness - der Schlauheit
simplicity - Einfachheit
fondness - Zärtlichkeit, Vorliebe
good living - Wohlleben
In the dramas of intrigue he exhibits some of the talents ofMercury, but with less activity and ingenuity, and occasionally suffersby his interference. According to the technical definition of hisattributes he is to excite mirth by being ridiculous in person, age, andattire.]
dramas - Dramen; Drama, Drama, Schauspiel
intrigue - Intrige; intrigieren; faszinieren
exhibits - Exponate; zeigen, zur Schau stellen, ausstellen, vorzeigen
ofMercury - vonQuecksilber
ingenuity - Erfindungsreichtum; Einfallsreichtum, Findigkeit, Raffinesse
suffersby - leidet
interference - Einmischung; Interferenz, Störung, Eingriff
technical - technisch, fachlich, fachsprachlich, fachspezifisch
definition - Begriffserklärung, Definition, Definierung
hisattributes - seineAttribute
excite - erregen; anregen gloss erves
mirth - Fröhlichkeit, Belustigung, Freude
ridiculous - lächerlich
[Footnote 30: This means, it is presumed, that the citizen should beacquainted with several languages. The middle part of this paragraphmight apply to the Nihilists and Fenians of the day, or to secretsocieties. It was perhaps a reference to the Thugs.]
beacquainted - kennengelernt
several - mehrere, einige, verschiedene, checkeinige
nihilists - Nihilisten; Nihilist, Nihilistin
secretsocieties - Geheimgesellschaften
Thugs - Verbrecher; Rowdy, Schläger, Randalierer
ABOUT THE KINDS OF WOMEN RESORTED TO BY THE CITIZENS, AND OF FRIENDS ANDMESSENGERS.
resorted - gegriffen; umsortieren; Badeort (Seebad)
When Kama is practised by men of the four castes according to the rulesof the Holy Writ (_i.e._, by lawful marriage) with virgins of their owncaste, it then becomes a means of acquiring lawful progeny and goodfame, and it is not also opposed to the customs of the world. On thecontrary the practice of Kama with women of the higher castes, and withthose previously enjoyed by others, even though they be of the samecaste, is prohibited.
castes - Kasten; Kaste
rulesof - Regeln von
lawful - rechtmäßig; gesetzlich, legal, rechtsmäßig
virgins - Jungfrauen; Jungfrau, jungfräulich, jungfräulich, nativ
owncaste - eigene Kaste
progeny - Nachkommen, Nachfahren, Nachkommenschaft, Werk, Schaffen
goodfame - guten Ruf
thecontrary - das Gegenteil
withthose - mit denen
prohibited - verboten; verbieten
But the practice of Kama with women of the lowercastes, with women excommunicated from their own caste, with publicwomen, and with women twice married,[31] is neither enjoined norprohibited. The object of practising Kama with such women is pleasureonly.
excommunicated - exkommuniziert; exkommunizieren, bannen, verbannen
publicwomen - öffentliche Frauen
neither - weder; weder X noch Y; keiner, keines
norprohibited - nochverboten
pleasureonly - nur zum Vergnügen
Nayikas,[32] therefore, are of three kinds, viz., maids, women twicemarried, and public women. Gonikaputra has expressed an opinion thatthere is a fourth kind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is resorted to onsome special occasion even though she be previously married to another.These special occasions are when a man thinks thus:--
twicemarried - doppelt verheiratet
expressed - ausgedrückt; bekunden, Eilzug, Schnellzug
thatthere - das dort
occasions - Anlässe; Gelegenheit, Gelegenheit, Anlass
(_a_). This woman is self-willed, and has been previously enjoyed by many others besides myself. I may, therefore, safely resort to her as to a public woman though she belongs to a higher caste than mine, and in so doing I shall not be violating the ordinances of Dharma.
myself - mich selbst; mich
safely - sicher
mine - mein, meiner
shall - sollen
violating - verletzen, brechen, überschreiten, mißachten, übertreten
Or thus:--
(_b_). This is a twice-married woman and has been enjoyed by others before me, there is, therefore, no objection to my resorting to her.
Or thus:--
(_c_). This woman has gained the heart of her great and powerful husband, and exercises a mastery over him, who is a friend of my enemy; if, therefore, she becomes united with me, she will cause her husband to abandon my enemy.
heart - Herz, Herzstück
mastery - Beherrschung; Meisterschaft
enemy - Feind, Feindin, Gegner, Gegnerin, feindlich
United - Vereint; vereinen
abandon - aufgeben; im Stich lassen, preisgeben, verlassen, abbrechen
Or thus:--
(_d_). This woman will turn the mind of her husband, who is very powerful, in my favour, he being at present disaffected towards me, and intent on doing me some harm.
favour - Gefallen; begünstigen, bevorzugen
disaffected - entfremdet; unzufrieden machen
Or thus:--
(_e_). By making this woman my friend I shall gain the object of some friend of mine, or shall be able to effect the ruin of some enemy, or shall accomplish some other difficult purpose.
effect - Auswirkung, Eindruck, Effekt, Kraft
ruin - Ruine, Ruin, Ruin, ruinieren, auf die Knie zwingen, vernichten
accomplish - zu erreichen; vollenden
purpose - absicht, Absicht, Einsatzzweck, Zweck
Or thus:--
(_f_). By being united with this woman, I shall kill her husband, and so obtain his vast riches which I covet.
United - Vereint; Einheit, Einheit
kill - vernichten, totmachen, löschen, zerstören, töten
vast - riesig; beträchtlich, weit, ausgedehnt, enorm
covet - begehren; sehnen, checkersehnen
Or thus:--
(_g_). The union of this woman with me is not attended with any danger, and will bring me wealth, of which, on account of my poverty and inability to support myself, I am very much in need. I shall, therefore, obtain her vast riches in this way without any difficulty.
attended - teilgenommen; (to attend) mit etwas verbunden sein
danger - Gefahr, Risiko, Bedrohung; (dang); Gefahr, Risiko, Bedrohung
on account - auf Rechnung
poverty - Armut
inability - Unfähigkeit, Unvermögen
Or thus:--
(_h_). This woman loves me ardently, and knows all my weak points, if therefore, I am unwilling to be united with her, she will make my faults public, and thus tarnish my character and reputation. Or she will bring some gross accusation against me, of which it may be hard to clear myself, and I shall be ruined.
ardently - inbrünstig; feurige, heiß
weak - schwach; out, unschön, häßlich, uninteressant
faults - Fehlern; Fehler, Schuld, Fehler, Charakterschwäche, Verfehlung
tarnish - trüben; Anlaufen, Mattieren, Beschlagen, matt werden
Gross - grob; brutto; brutto
accusation - Anschuldigung; Anklage, Beschuldigung
against - gegen, mit, wider
clear - klar, durchsichtig, hell, frei
Or perhaps she will detach from me her husband, who is powerful, and yet under her control, and will unite him to my enemy, or will herself join the latter.
detach - abtrennen; entfernen, ablösen, loslösen
control - steuern, kontrollieren, regeln, Kontrolle, Kontrollen, Regelung
unite - vereinen
Or thus:--
(_i_). The husband of this woman has violated the chastity of my wives, I shall therefore return that injury by seducing his wives.
injury - Verletzung, Wunde, Verwundung
seducing - verführend; (seduce); verführen, verleiten
Or thus:--
(_j_). By the help of this woman I shall kill an enemy of the king, who has taken shelter with her, and whom I am ordered by the king to destroy.
shelter - Unterkunft; Zuflucht, Obdach, Zufluchtsort, Schutzraum
Or thus:
(_k_). The woman whom I love is under the control of this woman. I shall, through the influence of the latter, be able to get at the former.
influence - Einfluss; Beeinflussung, Beeinflusser, beeinflussen
Or thus:--
(_l_). This woman will bring to me a maid, who possesses wealth and beauty, but who is hard to get at, and under the control of another.
possesses - besitzt; besitzen, besitzen
Or, lastly, thus:--
(_m_). My enemy is a friend of this woman's husband, I shall therefore cause her to join him, and will thus create an enmity between her husband and him.
enmity - Feindschaft
For these and similar other reasons the wives of other men may beresorted to, but it must be distinctly understood that is only allowedfor special reasons, and not for mere carnal desire.
beresorted - beresortiert
distinctly - deutlich
allowedfor - erlaubt
mere - einfach; nur, schier, bloß
carnal desire - Fleischeslust
Charayana thinks that under these circumstances there is also a fifthkind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is kept by a minister, and who repairsto him occasionally; or a widow who accomplishes the purpose of a manwith the person to whom she resorts.
fifthkind - Fünftes Kind
repairsto - reparieren
accomplishes - erreicht; vollenden, vollenden, vollenden, vollenden
resorts - Ferienorte; umsortieren; Badeort (Seebad)
Suvarnanabha adds that a woman who passes the life of an ascetic and inthe condition of a widow may be considered as a sixth kind of Nayika.
passes - Pässe; (to pass) durchgehen, passieren, durchlaufen
ascetic - asketisch; Asket, Asketin
condition - Zustand; Bedingung, Kondition, Voraussetzung, Verfassung
Ghotakamukha says that the daughter of a public woman, and a femaleservant, who are still virgins, form a seventh kind of Nayika.
femaleservant - weibliche Dienerin
Gonardiya puts forth his doctrine that any woman born of good family,after she has come of age, is an eighth kind of Nayika.
doctrine - Doktrin; Lehre
Eighth - achte; Achtel
But these four latter kinds of Nayikas do not differ much from the firstfour kinds of them, as there is no separate object in resorting tothem. Therefore Vatsyayana is of opinion that there are only four kindsof Nayikas, _i.e._, the maid, the twice married woman, the public woman,and the woman resorted to for a special purpose.
differ - sich unterscheiden
tothem - zu ihnen
kindsof - Arten von
The following women are not to be enjoyed:--
A leper.
leper - Leprakranke; Aussätziger; q edicine now usually
A lunatic.
lunatic - Verrückte; Irre
A woman turned out of caste.
A woman who reveals secrets.
reveals - enthüllt; enthüllen, offenbaren
A woman who publicly expresses desire for sexual intercourse.
publicly - öffentlich
expresses - ausdrückt; bekunden, Eilzug, Schnellzug
intercourse - Beziehungen, Umgang, Verkehr, Geschlechtsverkehr
A woman who is extremely white.
extremely - extrem, äußerst, krass
A woman who is extremely black.
A bad-smelling woman.
A woman who is a near relation.
A woman who is a female friend.
A woman who leads the life of an ascetic.
leads - führt; führen, anführen
And, lastly, the wife of a relation, of a friend, of a learned Brahman,and of the king.
The followers of Babhravya say that any woman who has been enjoyed byfive men is a fit and proper person to be enjoyed. But Gonikaputra is ofopinion that even when this is the case, the wives of a relation, of alearned Brahman and of a king should be excepted.
followers - Mitläufer; Nachfolger, Nachfolgerin, Anhänger, Follower
fit and proper - sehr passend
alearned - erlernt
excepted - ausnehmen, ausklammern, ausschließen, widersprechen, außer
The following are the kind of friends:--
One who has played with you in the dust, _i.e._, in childhood.
One who is bound by an obligation.
bound - gebunden; Sprung; (bind); binden; verbinden, konnektieren
One who is of the same disposition and fond of the same things.
One who is a fellow student.
fellow student - Kommilitonin , Kommilitone
One who is acquainted with your secrets and faults, and whose faults andsecrets are also known to you.
andsecrets - undGeheimnisse
One who is a child of your nurse.
One who is brought up with you.
One who is an hereditary friend.
hereditary - vererbt
These friends should possess the following qualities:--
possess - besitzen
They should tell the truth.
truth - Wahrheit, Treue
They should not be changed by time.
They should be favourable to your designs.
They should be firm.
firm - fest, straff (Busen), Fa. Firma, gesetzt, hart
They should be free from covetousness.
covetousness - Begehrlichkeit; Habsucht, Gier
They should not be capable of being gained over by others.
capable - fähig
They should not reveal your secrets.
reveal - enthüllen; offenbaren
Charayana says that citizens form friendship with washermen, barbers,cowherds, florists, druggists, betel-leaf sellers, tavern keepers,beggars, Pithamardas, Vitas and Vidushekas, as also with the wives ofall these people.
friendship - Freundschaft
washermen - Waschfrauen; der Wäscher / die Wäscherin
barbers - Friseure; Barbier, Bartschneider, Bartscherer, frisieren
cowherds - Kuhhirten; Kuhhirte, Kuhhirt, Kuhhirtin, Viehhirte, Viehhirt
florists - Blumenläden; Blumenhändler, Florist, Floristin
druggists - Drogisten; Apotheker
betel - Betelpfeffer; Betel
leaf - Blatt, Laubblatt, Platte
sellers - Verkäufern; Verkäufer; Anbieter
tavern - Gasthaus, Schankwirtschaft, Taverne
keepers - Hüter, Wächter, Hüter, Torwart, Tormann
ofall - von allem
A messenger should possess the following qualities:--
Skilfulness.
Boldness.
boldness - Kühnheit; Verwegenheit, Dreistigkeit, Mut
Knowledge of the intention of men by their outward signs.
intention - Absicht
Absence of confusion, _i.e._, no shyness.
confusion - Verwirrung, Durcheinander, Konfusion, Verwechslung
shyness - Schüchternheit, Scheu, Scheuheit
Knowledge of the exact meaning of what others do or say.
Good manners.
manners - Manieren; Weise, Manier
Knowledge of appropriate times and places for doing different things.
Ingenuity in business.
Quick comprehension.
comprehension - Verständnis, Verstehen
Quick application of remedies, _i.e._, quick and ready resources.
remedies - Gegenmittel
resources - Ressourcen; Betriebsmittel, Hilfsquelle, Ressource
And this part ends with a verse:--
The man who is ingenious and wise, who is accompanied by a friend, andwho knows the intentions of others, as also the proper time and placefor doing everything, can gain over, very easily, even a woman who isvery hard to be obtained.
andwho - und wer
intentions - Absichten; Absicht
placefor - Platz für
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 31: This term does not apply to a widow, but to a woman whohad probably left her husband, and is living with some other person as amarried woman, maritalement, as they say in France.]
whohad - Wer hatte
amarried - verheiratet sind
maritalement - Eheschließung
France - Frankreich
[Footnote 32: Any woman fit to be enjoyed without sin. The object of theenjoyment of women is twofold, viz., pleasure and progeny. Any woman whocan be enjoyed without sin for the purpose of accomplishing either theone or the other of these two objects is a Nayika.
sin - Sünde, sündigen; eine Sünde begehen
theenjoyment - das Vergnügen
twofold - zweifach, doppelt
whocan - Wer kann das
accomplishing - zu erreichen; vollenden, vollenden, vollenden, vollenden
The fourth kind ofNayika which Vatsya admits further on is neither enjoyed for pleasure orfor progeny, but merely for accomplishing some special purpose in hand.The word Nayika is retained as a technical term throughout.]
ofNayika - vonNayika
admits - einlassen, zulassen, zugeben, eingestehen, erlauben, einweisen
technical term - Fachbegriff , Fachausdruck
=END OF PART I.=
OF SEXUAL UNION.
KINDS OF SEXUAL UNION ACCORDING TO
(_a_) DIMENSIONS. (_b_) FORCE OF DESIRE OR PASSION. (_c_) TIME.
_Kinds of Union._
Man is divided into three classes, viz., the hare man, the bull man, andthe horse man, according to the size of his lingam.
Hare - Hase
Bull - Bulle, Stier
size - Konfektionsgröße, Körpergröße, Format; ausmessen
Woman also, according to the depth of her yoni, is either a female deer,a mare, or a female elephant.
depth - Tiefe
mare - Stute
There are thus three equal unions between persons of correspondingdimensions, and there are six unequal unions, when the dimensions do notcorrespond, or nine in all, as the following table shows:
unions - Gewerkschaften; Vereinigung, Union, Verein, Verband
correspondingdimensions - entsprechende Abmessungen
unequal - ungleich
notcorrespond - nicht korrespondieren
+--------------------+--------------------+ | EQUAL. | UNEQUAL. | +--------------------+--------------------+ | MEN. | WOMEN. | MEN. | WOMEN. | +--------+-----------+--------|-----------+ | | | | | | Hare. | Deer. | Hare.
Equal - Gleichberechtigt; gleich; gleichen; Gleichgestellter
| Mare. | | Bull. | Mare. | Hare. | Elephant. | | Horse. | Elephant. | Bull. | Deer. | | | | Bull. | Elephant. | | | | Horse. | Deer. | | | | Horse. | Mare. | +--------+-----------+--------+-----------+
In these unequal unions, when the male exceeds the female in point ofsize, his union with a woman who is immediately next to him in size iscalled high union, and is of two kinds; while his union with the womanmost remote from him in size is called the highest union, and is of onekind only.
male - männlich; Mann; Männchen, Er
exceeds - übersteigt; überschreiten, hinausgehen über, übertreffen
immediately - sofort, alsbald, unverzüglich, auf der Stelle
iscalled - wird angerufen
remote - ferngesteuert; fern, entfernt, abgelegen, fernbetrieb
On the other hand when the female exceeds the male in pointof size, her union with a man immediately next to her in size is calledlow union, and is of two kinds; while her union with a man most remotefrom her in size is called the lowest union, and is of one kind only.
pointof - Punkt
remotefrom - aus der Ferne
lowest - niedrigsten; Lowe
In other words, the horse and mare, the bull and deer, form the highunion, while the horse and deer form the highest union. On the femaleside, the elephant and bull, the mare and hare, form low unions, whilethe elephant and the hare make the lowest unions.
femaleside - weibliche Seite
whilethe - während die
lowest - niedrigsten; tief, niedrig, nieder, leise (Stimme); muhen
There are then, nine kinds of union according to dimensions. Amongst allthese, equal unions are the best, those of a superlative degree, _i.e._,the highest and the lowest, are the worst, and the rest are middling,and with them the high[33] are better than the low.
amongst - zwischen, unter
allthese - alle diese
superlative - Superlativ, Höchststufe, Meiststufe, hervorragend
rest - Ruhe, Stütze, Lehne, ein Ăśbriges; bleiben, ruhen, ausruhen
middling - mittelmäßig
There are also nine kinds of union according to the force of passion orcarnal desire, as follows:
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | MEN. | WOMEN. | MEN. | WOMEN. | +-----------+-----------+-----------|-----------+ | | | | | | Small. | Small. | Small. | Middling. | | Middling. | Middling. | Small.
| Intense. | | Intense. | Intense. | Middling. | Small. | | | | Middling. | Intense. | | | | Intense. | Small. | | | | Intense. | Middling. | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
intense - intensiv; hochgradig
A man is called a man of small passion whose desire at the time ofsexual union is not great, whose semen is scanty, and who cannot bearthe warm embraces of the female.
ofsexual - vonsexuell
semen - Sperma; Samen
scanty - spärlich; dürftig, kärglich, knapp
Those who differ from this temperament are called men of middlingpassion, while those of intense passion are full of desire.
temperament - Temperament, Charakter, Veranlagung, Stimmung
In the same way, women are supposed to have the three degrees of feelingas specified above.
degrees - Abschlüsse; Diplom, akademischer Diplom, Grad, Winkelgrad
specified - spezifiziert; spezifizieren
Lastly, according to time there are three kinds of men and women, viz.,the short-timed, the moderate-timed, and the long-timed, and of these asin the previous statements, there are nine kinds of union.
moderate - moderat, mäßig, gemäßigt, mittelmäßig, moderieren
But on this last head there is a difference of opinion about the female,which should be stated.
stated - erklärt; Staat, Staat, Land
Auddalika says, "Females do not emit as males do. The males simplyremove their desire, while the females, from their consciousness ofdesire, feel a certain kind of pleasure, which gives them satisfaction,but it is impossible for them to tell you what kind of pleasure theyfeel.
emit - emittieren, aussenden
simplyremove - einfachentfernen
ofdesire - der Sehnsucht
satisfaction - Befriedigung; Zufriedenheit; Satisfaktion, Genugtuung
theyfeel - fühlen sie sich
The fact from which this becomes evident is, that males, whenengaged in coition, cease of themselves after emission, and aresatisfied, but it is not so with females."
evident - offensichtlich; offenkundig
whenengaged - wenn sie sich engagieren
coition - Geschlechtsverkehr, Koitus
cease - aufhören, einstellen
emission - Aussendung, Absonderung, Auswurf
aresatisfied - Sind Sie zufrieden
This opinion is, however, objected to on the grounds that if a male be along-timed, the female loves him the more, but if he be short-timed, sheis dissatisfied with him. And this circumstance, some say, would provethat the female emits also.
objected to - beanstandete
grounds - Gründe; Masse (elektrisch); Erdboden, Grund, Boden, geschliffen
dissatisfied - unzufrieden; nicht befriedigen, missfallen
circumstance - Umstand
provethat - das beweisen
emits - ausstrahlt; emittieren, aussenden
But this opinion does not hold good, for if it takes a long time toallay a woman's desire, and during this time she is enjoying greatpleasure, it is quite natural then that she should wish for itscontinuation. And on this subject there is a verse as follows:
toallay - zuhören
greatpleasure - großes Vergnügen
wish for - etw. erhoffen
itscontinuation - seine Fortführung
"By union with men the lust, desire, or passion of women is satisfied,and the pleasure derived from the consciousness of it is called theirsatisfaction."
lust - Wollust, Begehren, Verlangen, Freude
satisfied - befriedigen, zufriedenstellen
derived - abgeleitet; erlangen, herleiten, ableiten, herleiten, ableiten
theirsatisfaction - ihre Zufriedenheit
The followers of Babhravya, however, say that the semen of womencontinues to fall from the beginning of the sexual union to its end, andit is right that it should be so, for if they had no semen there wouldbe no embryo.
andit - und es
wouldbe - wäre
embryo - Embryo
To this there is an objection. In the beginning of coition the passionof the woman is middling, and she cannot bear the vigorous thrusts ofher lover, but by degrees her passion increases until she ceases tothink about her body, and then finally she wishes to stop from furthercoition.
vigorous - kräftig, stark, energisch, lebhaft
thrusts - Schübe; Stoß, Stoß, Stich, Vorstoß, Schub, Schubkraft, Druck
ofher - von ihr
by degrees - nach und nach
increases - erhöht; zunehmen, steigen, ansteigen, wachsen, anwachsen
ceases - aufhört; aufhören, aufhören, einstellen
tothink - zu denken
finally - schließlich; endlich; definitiv, checkletztendlich
furthercoition - weiter
This objection, however, does not hold good, for even in ordinary thingsthat revolve with great force, such as a potter's wheel, or a top, wefind that the motion at first is slow, but by degrees it becomes veryrapid. In the same way the passion of the woman having graduallyincreased, she has a desire to discontinue coition, when all the semenhas fallen away. And there is a verse with regard to this as follows:
ordinary - Heroldsbild; gewöhnlich, normal
thingsthat - was
revolve - drehen
potter's wheel - Töpferscheibe
wefind - Wir finden
motion - Bewegung
veryrapid - sehrschnell
graduallyincreased - allmählich zugenommen
discontinue - aufgeben; einstellen, auslaufen lassen
"The fall of the semen of the man takes place only at the end ofcoition, while the semen of the woman falls continually, and after thesemen of both has all fallen away then they wish for the discontinuanceof coition."[34]
ofcoition - der Koalition
continually - ständig, andauernd, immer wieder, immerzu
wish - Wunsch; wünschen
discontinuanceof - Unterbrechung
Lastly, Vatsyayana is of opinion that the semen of the female falls inthe same way as that of the male.
Now some may ask here: If men and women are beings of the same kind, andare engaged in bringing about the same result, why should they havedifferent works to do.
havedifferent - etwas anderes
Vatsya says that this is so, because the ways of working as well as theconsciousness of pleasure in men and women are different. The differencein the ways of working, by which men are the actors, and women are thepersons acted upon, is owing to the nature of the male and the female,otherwise the actor would be sometimes the person acted upon, and viceversâ.
theconsciousness - dasBewusstsein
differencein - Unterschied in
thepersons - diePersonen
acted - gehandelt; Handlung, Tat, Akt, Gesetz
owing to - aufgrund, dank, durch, infolge
And from this difference in the ways of working follows thedifference in the consciousness of pleasure, for a man thinks, "thiswoman is united with me," and a woman thinks, "I am united with thisman."
thedifference - derUnterschied
thiswoman - diese Frau
thisman - dieser Mann
It may be said that if the ways of working in men and women aredifferent, why should not there be a difference, even in the pleasurethey feel, and which is the result of those ways.
aredifferent - unterschiedlich sind
pleasurethey - Vergnügen sie
But this objection is groundless, for the person acting and the personacted upon being of different kinds, there is a reason for thedifference in their ways of working; but there is no reason for anydifference in the pleasure they feel, because they both naturally derivepleasure from the act they perform.[35]
groundless - grundlos, unbegründet
anydifference - einen Unterschied
On this again some may say that when different persons are engaged indoing the same work, we find that they accomplish the same end orpurpose: while, on the contrary, in the case of men and women we findthat each of them accomplishes his or her own end separately, and thisis inconsistent. But this is a mistake, for we find that sometimes twothings are done at the same time, as for instance in the fighting oframs, both the rams receive the shock at the same time on their heads.Again, in throwing one wood apple against another, and also in a fightor struggle of wrestlers.
indoing - tun
orpurpose - oder Zweck
contrary - entgegengesetzt, gegenläufig, entgegenstehend, ungünstig
findthat - Finden Sie das
inconsistent - inkonsistent
instance - Beispiel, Fall, Instanz
receive - bekommen, erhalten, empfangen, kriegen
shock - Schock, Betroffenheit, Empörung, Schlag, Stoß
throwing - Werfen; (to throw) schmeißen; (throw) Werfen; (to throw) schmeißen
wood - Holz
fightor - Fighter
Struggle - Kämpfen; Kampf, Gefecht, sich durchbeißen, sich schwer tun
wrestlers - Wrestler; Ringer
If it be said that in these cases the thingsemployed are of the same kind, it is answered that even in the case ofmen and women, the nature of the two persons is the same. And as thedifference in their ways of working arises from the difference of theirconformation only, it follows that men experience the same kind ofpleasure as women do.
thingsemployed - Beschäftigt
ofmen - von Menschen
arises - entsteht; sich erheben, aufstehen, entstehen, auftreten
theirconformation - ihre Konformation
There is also a verse on this subject as follows: "Men and women beingof the same nature, feel the same kind of pleasure, and therefore a manshould marry such a woman as will love him ever afterwards."
beingof - sein
manshould - sollte man
marry - heiraten, trauen, sich verehelichen
The pleasure of men and women being thus proved to be of the same kind,it follows that in regard to time, there are nine kinds of sexualintercourse, in the same way as there are nine kinds, according to theforce of passion.
proved - er/sie hat/hatte bewiesen, beweisen, erhärten
sexualintercourse - Geschlechtsverkehr
There being thus nine kinds of union with regard to dimensions, force ofpassion, and time, respectively, by making combinations of them,innumerable kinds of union would be produced. Therefore in eachparticular kind of sexual union, men should use such means as they maythink suitable for the occasion.[36]
ofpassion - der Leidenschaft
combinations - Kombinationen; Kombinieren
innumerable - Unzählige
produced - produziert; produzieren, herstellen, vorlegen, produzieren
eachparticular - jedes einzelne
suitable - geeignet, passend, angemessen
Occasion - Gelegenheit; Anlass
At the first time of sexual union the passion of the male is intense,and his time is short, but in subsequent unions on the same day thereverse of this is the case. With the female, however, it is thecontrary, for at the first time her passion is weak, and then her timelong, but on subsequent occasions on the same day, her passion isintense and her time short, until her passion is satisfied.
subsequent - anschließend, später, darauffolgend
timelong - lange Zeit
_On the different kinds of Love._
Men learned in the humanities are of opinion that love is of four kinds,viz.:
humanities - Geisteswissenschaften; Menschheit, Humanität, Menschlichkeit
1. Love acquired by continual habit.
continual - fortlaufend
habit - Gepflogenheit, Angewohnheit
2. Love resulting from the imagination.
resulting from - entstehend
imagination - Phantasie; Vorstellungskraft, Imagination, Einbildungskraft
3. Love resulting from belief.
belief - Glauben; Glaube
4. Love resulting from the perception of external objects.
perception - Wahrnehmung
external - außen-, extern, äußerlich
(1). Love resulting from the constant and continual performance andhabit, as for instance the love of sexual intercourse, the love ofhunting, the love of drinking, the love of gambling, etc., etc.
constant - beständig, konstant, regelmäßig, stetig
andhabit - und Lebensweise
ofhunting - der Jagd
(2). Love which is felt for things to which we are not habituated, andwhich proceeds entirely from ideas, is called love resulting fromimagination, as for instance, that love which some men and women andeunuchs feel for the Auparishtaka or mouth congress, and that which isfelt by all for such things as embracing, kissing, etc., etc.
habituated - Gewöhnt; gewöhnen an
andwhich - und welche
proceeds - Erlöse; vorgehen
fromimagination - aus der Phantasie
andeunuchs - Andeunuchen
embracing - umarmen, annehmen, umarmen, Umarmung
(3). The love which is mutual on both sides, and proved to be true, wheneach looks upon the other as his or her very own, such is called loveresulting from belief by the learned.
mutual - wechselseitig, gegenseitig, beiderseitig, gemeinsam
sides - Seiten; Flanke, Rand, Mannschaft, Team
wheneach - wann jeweils
loveresulting - Liebesresultate
(4). The love resulting from the perception of eternal objects is quiteevident and well-known to the world, because the pleasure which itaffords is superior to the pleasure of the other kinds of love, whichexists only for its sake.
eternal - ewig
quiteevident - ganz offensichtlich
whichexists - Wer existiert
sake - (for your sake) deinetwegen, euretwegen, Ihretwegen, dir zuliebe
What has been said in this chapter upon the subject of sexual union issufficient for the learned; but for the edification of the ignorant, thesame will now be treated of at length and in detail.
issufficient - Ausreichend
edification - Erbauung; Gebäude, Bauwerk
at length - schließlich, endlich, ausführlich
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 33: High unions are said to be better than low ones, for inthe former it is possible for the male to satisfy his own passionwithout injuring the female, while in the latter it is difficult for thefemale to be satisfied by any means.]
satisfy - befriedigen, zufriedenstellen
passionwithout - Leidenschaft ohne
injuring - verletzen, verletzen
be satisfied - zufrieden sein
[Footnote 34: The strength of passion with women varies a great deal,some being easily satisfied, and others eager and willing to go on for along time. To satisfy these last thoroughly a man must have recourse toart. It is certain that a fluid flows from the woman in larger orsmaller quantities, but her satisfaction is not complete until she hasexperienced the "spasme génêsique," as described in a French workrecently published and called "Breviare de l'Amour Experimental par leDr.
strength - Stärke, Kraft, Festigkeit, Mumm
varies - variiert; variieren, verändern, sich ändern, de
deal - Menge, Handel, Teil, Abkommen
eager - eifrig, erwartungsvoll, begierig
thoroughly - gründlich, vollkommen, total, durch und durch
recourse - Regress, Rückgriff
fluid - Fluid, Flüssigkeit, fließend
flows - fließt; Wasserführung; ich flösse, ich/er/sie floss (floß
orsmaller - oder kleiner
quantities - Mengen; Quantität, Menge, Quantität, Menge, in Klammern
hasexperienced - erlebt hat
French - Französisch
workrecently - in letzter Zeit gearbeitet
published - veröffentlicht; herausgeben, publizieren, veröffentlichen
experimental - experimentell
par - Pari
Jules Guyot."]
[Footnote 35: This is a long dissertation very common among Sanscritauthors, both when writing and talking socially. They start certainpropositions, and then argue for and against them. What it is presumedthe author means, is, that though both men and women derive pleasurefrom the act of coition, the way it is produced is brought about bydifferent means, each individual performing his own work in the matter,irrespective of the other, and each deriving individually their ownconsciousness of pleasure from the act they perform.
dissertation - Doktorarbeit, Dissertation
socially - gesellschaftliche
certainpropositions - bestimmten Vorschlägen
presumedthe - vermutet, dass die
derive - erlangen; herleiten, ableiten, abstammen, kommen von
pleasurefrom - Vergnügen aus
brought about - (bring about) zu Stande bringen, zustande [alt] bringen
bydifferent - durchdifferent
performing - durchführen; ausführend, Ausführen, aufführend
irrespective of - unbeschadet
deriving - erlangen, herleiten, ableiten, herleiten, ableiten, ableiten
individually - individuell
ownconsciousness - eigenes Bewusstsein
There is adifference in the work that each does, and a difference in theconsciousness of pleasure that each has, but no difference in thepleasure they feel, for each feels that pleasure to a greater or lesserdegree.]
adifference - Unterschied
thepleasure - das Vergnügen
lesserdegree - geringeren Grades
[Footnote 36: This paragraph should be particularly noted, for itspecially applies to married men and their wives. So many men utterlyignore the feelings of the women, and never pay the slightest attentionto the passion of the latter. To understand the subject thoroughly, itis absolutely necessary to study it, and then a person will know that,as dough is prepared for baking, so must a woman be prepared for sexualintercourse, if she is to derive satisfaction from it.
particularly - besonders
itspecially - es besonders
utterlyignore - gänzlich ignorieren
slightest - das Geringste; geringfügig, leicht, gering, unbedeutend, wenig
attentionto - zu beachten
absolutely - absolut, durchaus, total, unbedingt
dough - Teig; Knete
baking - Backen; (bake); backen; trocknen
OF THE EMBRACE.
This part of the Kama Shastra, which treats of sexual union, is alsocalled "Sixty-four" (Chatushshashti). Some old authors say that it iscalled so, because it contains sixty-four chapters. Others are ofopinion that the author of this part being a person named Panchala, andthe person who recited the part of the Rig Veda called Dashatapa, whichcontains sixty-four verses, being also called Panchala, the name"sixty-four" has been given to the part of the work in honour of the RigVedas. The followers of Babhravya say on the other hand that this partcontains eight subjects, viz., the embrace, kissing, scratching with thenails or fingers, biting, lying down, making various sounds, playing thepart of a man, and the Auparishtaka, or mouth congress.
alsocalled - auch genannt
recited - rezitiert; vortragen; rezitieren; zu Gehör bringen; qoem also:
Rig - Rigg; ausrüsten
Veda - Veda, Veden-p
whichcontains - was enthält
scratching - sich kratzen, zerkratzen; (scratch); kratzen; zerkratzen
thenails - dann Nägel
fingers - fingern
thepart - der Teil
Each of thesesubjects being of eight kinds, and eight multiplied by eight beingsixty-four, this part is therefore named "sixty-four." But Vatsyayanaaffirms that as this part contains also the following subjects, viz.,striking, crying, the acts of a man during congress, the various kindsof congress, and other subjects, the name "sixty-four" is given to itonly accidentally. As, for instance, we say this tree is "Saptaparna,"or seven-leaved, this offering of rice is "Panchavarna," orfive-coloured, but the tree has not seven leaves, neither has the ricefive colours.
thesesubjects - Thesenfächer
multiplied - multipliziert; multiplizieren
beingsixty - sechzig sein
crying - Weinen; (cry); weinen; schreien; rufen; Weinen; Schrei
accidentally - zufällig, durch Zufall, aus Versehen, versehentlich
leaved - blättert; (leave) Abschied, Urlaub
offering - Angebot, Anerbieten, Opfer, Opfergabe; (offer); Angebot
orfive - oderfünf
However the part sixty-four is now treated of, and the embrace, beingthe first subject, will now be considered.
beingthe - sein
Now the embrace which indicates the mutual love of a man and woman whohave come together is of four kinds, viz.:
indicates - anzeigt; anzeigen, anweisen, andeuten, anzeigen, andeuten
whohave - Wer hat
Touching. Piercing. Rubbing. Pressing.
touching - (to touch) anfassen, streifen, berühren; (touch); anfassen
piercing - Piercing; durchdringend, stechend, beißend
rubbing - Reiben, Polieren; (rub); reiben, abreiben, sich abreiben
The action in each case is denoted by the meaning of the word whichstands for it.
denoted - bezeichnet; markieren, kennzeichnen, bezeichnen, anzeigen
whichstands - was steht
(1). When a man under some pretext or other goes in front or alongsideof a woman and touches her body with his own, it is called the "touchingembrace."
pretext - Vorwand, Deckmantel, fadenscheinige Begründung, Ausrede
alongsideof - neben
touches - berührt; anfassen, berühren, rühren, Berührung, Berührung
(2). When a woman in a lonely place bends down, as if to pick upsomething, and pierces, as it were, a man sitting or standing, with herbreasts, and the man in return takes hold of them, it is called a"piercing embrace."
lonely - einsam, alleinig, abgeschieden, öde
bends down - (bend down) sich bücken
pick - wählen; Hacke, Pickel, Spitzhacke, Dietrich, pflücken
pierces - durchbohrt; lochen, durchbohren
herbreasts - Kräuterbrüste
The above two kinds of embrace takes place only between persons who donot, as yet, speak freely with each other.
donot - oder nicht
as yet - bislang, bis jetzt
freely - frei
(3). When two lovers are walking slowly together, either in the dark, orin a place of public resort, or in a lonely place, and rub their bodiesagainst each other, it is called a "rubbing embrace."
lovers - Geliebte, Liebhaber, Liebhaberin
slowly - langsam
Rub - reiben, abreiben, sich abreiben, sich abscheuern, sich ablaufen
bodiesagainst - Körper gegen
(4). When on the above occasion one of them presses the other's bodyforcibly against a wall or pillar, it is called a "pressing embrace."
presses - Pressen; (pre) vor..
bodyforcibly - Körper mit Gewalt
pillar - Pfeiler, Säule
These two last embraces are peculiar to those who know the intentions ofeach other.
ofeach - von jedem
At the time of the meeting the four following kinds of embrace are used,viz.:
_Jataveshtitaka_, or the twining of a creeper.
twining - Zwillinge; schlingend, windend; (twin) Zwillinge; schlingend
creeper - Kriechgang; Kriecher; Strampler, Strampelanzug, Kriechpflanze
_Vrikshadhirudhaka_, or climbing a tree.
_Tila-Tandulaka_, or the mixture of sesamum seed with rice.
mixture - Mischung
sesamum - Sesam
_Kshiraniraka_, or milk and water embrace.
(1). When a woman, clinging to a man as a creeper twines round a tree,bends his head down to hers with the desire of kissing him and slightlymakes the sound of sut sut, embraces him, and looks lovingly towardshim, it is called an embrace like the "twining of a creeper."
clinging to - anschmiegend
twines - Bindfäden; zwirnen; Faden
bends - biegt; beugen, biegen, biegen, durchbiegen, beugen, Kurve
slightlymakes - etwas macht
lovingly - liebevoll, lieb, liebende
towardshim - Ihm gegenüber
(2). When a woman, having placed one of her feet on the foot of herlover, and the other on one of his thighs, passes one of her arms roundhis back, and the other on his shoulders, makes slightly the sounds ofsinging and cooing, and wishes, as it were, to climb up him in order tohave a kiss, it is called an embrace like the "climbing of a tree."
thighs - Oberschenkel
passes - Pässe; Schritt
shoulders - schultern
slightly - ein wenig, leicht
ofsinging - des Gesangs
cooing - gurrend; (coo) gurrend
climb up - hinaufklettern, hinaufsteigen, aufsteigen
tohave - zu haben
kiss - küssen
These two kinds of embrace take place when the lover is standing.
(3). When lovers lie on a bed, and embrace each other so closely thatthe arms and thighs of the one are encircled by the arms and thighs ofthe other, and are, as it were, rubbing up against them, this is calledan embrace like "the mixture of sesamum seed with rice."
lie - lügen; (lie down) sich hinlegen
closely - dicht, eng, nah, nahe
thatthe - dass die
encircled - eingekreist; umzingeln, einfassen
calledan - genannt
(4). When a man and a woman are very much in love with each other, andnot thinking of any pain or hurt, embrace each other as if they wereentering into each other's bodies, either while the woman is sitting onthe lap of the man or in front of him, or on a bed, then it is called anembrace like a "mixture of milk and water."
andnot - und nicht
hurt - weh tun, schmerzen, verletzen, quälen, verletzt
wereentering - eintraten
onthe - auf die
lap - Schoß
anembrace - umarmen
These two kinds of embrace take place at the time of sexual union.
Babhravya has thus related to us the above eight kinds of embraces.
Suvarnanabha, moreover, gives us four ways of embracing simple membersof the body, which are:
membersof - Mitglieder von
The embrace of the thighs.
The embrace of the jaghana, _i.e._, the part of the body from the naveldownwards to the thighs.
naveldownwards - nach unten
The embrace of the breasts.
breasts - Brüste; Brust, Brust, Brust, -brust, Entenbrust
The embrace of the forehead.
forehead - Stirn
(1). When one of two lovers presses forcibly one or both of the thighsof the other between his or her own, it is called the "embrace ofthighs."
presses - Presse (Maschine), Presse (Zeitung); drängen, drücken
forcibly - gewaltsame, gewaltsam
thighsof - Schenkel von
ofthighs - der Oberschenkel
(2). When a man presses the jaghana or middle part of the woman's bodyagainst his own, and mounts upon her to practise, either scratching withthe nail or finger, or biting, or striking, or kissing, the hair of thewoman being loose and flowing, it is called the "embrace of thejaghana."
mounts - Reittiere; Reittier, Berg, Lafette (Waffe); einbauen
nail - nageln (derb. koitieren); annageln, Nagel, nageln
finger - fingern
thewoman - die Frau
loose - verlassen, lose, locker
flowing - fließend; Wasserführung; ich flösse, ich/er/sie floss (floß
(3). When a man places his breast between the breasts of a woman, andpresses her with it, it is called the "embrace of the breasts."
breast - Brust; -brust, Entenbrust
andpresses - und Pressen
(4). When either of the lovers touches the mouth, the eyes and theforehead of the other with his or her own, it is called the "embrace ofthe forehead."
Some say that even shampooing is a kind of embrace, because there is atouching of bodies in it. But Vatsyayana thinks that shampooing isperformed at a different time, and for a different purpose, and it isalso of a different character, it cannot be said to be included in theembrace.
shampooing - Shampoo
atouching - berühren
isperformed - durchgeführt wird
isalso - ist auch
There are also some verses on the subject as follows: "The whole subjectof embracing is of such a nature that men who ask questions about it, orwho hear about it, or who talk about it, acquire thereby a desire forenjoyment. Even those embraces that are not mentioned in the KamaShastra should be practised at the time of sexual enjoyment, if they arein any way conducive to the increase of love or passion.
subjectof - Thema von
orwho - oder wer
acquire - erwerben, akquirieren
forenjoyment - vorfreudig
conducive - förderlich
The rules ofthe Shastra apply so long as the passion of man is middling, but whenthe wheel of love is once set in motion, there is then no Shastra and noorder."
whenthe - wann die
wheel - Rad; Steuerrad; Felge; kreisen
set - gesetzt; Seth
ON KISSING.
It is said by some that there is no fixed time or order between theembrace, the kiss, and the pressing or scratching with the nails orfingers, but that all these things should be done generally beforesexual union takes place, while striking and making the various soundsgenerally takes place at the time of the union. Vatsyayana, however,thinks that anything may take place at any time, for love does not carefor time or order.
orfingers - oderFinger
beforesexual - vor dem Sexualleben
soundsgenerally - klingt im Allgemeinen
carefor - Fürsorge
On the occasion of the first congress, kissing and the other thingsmentioned above should be done moderately, they should not be continuedfor a long time, and should be done alternately. On subsequentoccasions, however, the reverse of all this may take place, andmoderation will not be necessary, they may continue for a long time, andfor the purpose of kindling love, they may be all done at the same time.
thingsmentioned - Dinge, die erwähnt werden
moderately - mäßig
continuedfor - weiter für
alternately - abwechselnd
subsequentoccasions - Folgeereignisse
the reverse - das genaue Gegenteil
andmoderation - undModeration
andfor - undfür
kindling - Anzünden; Anmachholz, Anzündholz
The following are the places for kissing, viz., the forehead, the eyes,the cheeks, the throat, the bosom, the breasts, the lips, and theinterior of the mouth. Moreover, the people of the Lat country kiss alsoon the following places, viz., the joints of the thighs, the arms, andthe navel.
cheeks - Wangen; Backe, qualifierormal, Backe, Stirn, Mick, Pumpenmick
throat - Kehle, Rachen, Hals, Flaschenhals
theinterior - das Interieur
alsoon - auch auf
joints - Gelenke; gemeinschaftlich, gemeinsam, gemeinsame, gemeinsamer
navel - Bauchnabel
But Vatsyayana thinks that though kissing is practised bythese people in the above places on account of the intensity of theirlove, and the customs of their country, it is not fit to be practised byall.
bythese - durch diese
intensity - Intensität
theirlove - ihreLiebe
Now in a case of a young girl there are three sort of kisses, viz.:
sort - Sortierung, Gattung, Art, Sorte; sortieren, ordnen
kisses - küssen
The nominal kiss. The throbbing kiss. The touching kiss.
nominal - nominal, substantivisch
throbbing - Pochen; klopfend; (throb); klopfen, schlagen, pochen, pulsieren
(1). When a girl only touches the mouth of her lover with her own, butdoes not herself do anything, it is called the "nominal kiss."
butdoes - aber tut
(2). When a girl, setting aside her bashfulness a little, wishes totouch the lip that is pressed into her mouth, and with that objectmoves her lower lip, but not the upper one, it is called the "throbbingkiss."
setting - Kontext; Einstellung; Vertonung; untergehend; (set); Seth
aside - beiseite, zur Seite
bashfulness - Schüchternheit; Scham
pressed - gedrückt; (pre) vor..
lower lip - Unterlippe
(3). When a girl touches her lover's lip with her tongue, and havingshut her eyes, places her hands on those of her lover, it is called the"touching kiss."
lip - Lippe; Auslauf, Überlauf, Schnaupe, Ansatz
tongue - Zunge, Lasche
Other authors describe four other kinds of kisses, viz.:
The straight kiss. The bent kiss. The turned kiss. The pressed kiss.
bent - verbogen; (to bend) sich niederbeugen, verbiegen
pressed - gedrückt; Presse (Maschine), Presse (Zeitung); drängen, drücken
(1). When the lips of two lovers are brought into direct contact witheach other, it is called a "straight kiss."
Direct - direkt, unmittelbar, beaufsichtigen, inszenieren, befehlen
(2). When the heads of two lovers are bent towards each other, and whenso bent kissing takes place, it is called a "bent kiss."
whenso - Und wann
(3). When one of them turns up the face of the other by holding the headand chin, and then kissing, it is called a "turned kiss."
turns up - (turn up) aufbinden, erscheinen, auftauchen
chin - Kinn
(4). Lastly, when the lower lip is pressed with much force, it is calleda "pressed kiss."
lower - niedriger, niedrigerer, ausfahren (Fahrgestell); abdämpfen
calleda - genannta
There is also a fifth kind of kiss called the "greatly pressed kiss,"which is effected by taking hold of the lower lip between two fingers,and then after touching it with the tongue, pressing it with great forcewith the lip.
greatly - sehr; außerordentlich, großartig
taking hold - zugreifend
forcewith - mit Kraft
As regards kissing, a wager may be laid as to which will get hold of thelips of the other first. If the woman loses, she should pretend to cry,should keep her lover off by shaking her hands, and turn away from himand dispute with him, saying "let another wager be laid." If she losesthis a second time, she should appear doubly distressed, and when herlover is off his guard or asleep, she should get hold of his lower lip,and hold it in her teeth, so that it should not slip away, and then sheshould laugh, make a loud noise, deride him, dance about, and saywhatever she likes in a joking way, moving her eyebrows, and rolling hereyes.
regards - Grüße; schätzen, betrachten, berücksichtigen
wager - Wetteinsatz; die Wette
laid - gelegt; richten (Tisch)
thelips - die Lippen
pretend - vorgeben, prätendieren, vortäuschen, so tun, als ob
cry - weinen; schreien; rufen; Weinen; Schrei
shaking - schüttelnd, erschütternd; (shake); schütteln, erschüttern
turn away - abkehren
dispute - Streit, Disput, Debatte, erörtern, bestreiten
losesthis - verlieren
doubly - zweifach; doppelt
distressed - verzweifelt; Kummer, Bedrängnis, Drangsal, Bekümmerung, Not
guard - Wächter; Parierstange; Schutz; schützen, bewachen
asleep - schlafen, schlafen
slip away - entwischen
loud - laut
noise - Lärm, Geräusch, Krach, Rauschen, Störung
deride - verhöhnen, verlachen, verspotten, lustig machen über
saywhatever - wie auch immer
joking - Witz, Scherz, Streich, Witz, Spaß, Witz, scherzen, Witze machen
eyebrows - Augenbrauen; Braue, Augenbraue
rolling - rollend, Walzen; (roll) rollend, Walzen
hereyes - ja
Such are the wagers and quarrels as far as kissing is concerned,but the same may be applied with regard to the pressing or scratchingwith the nails and fingers, biting and striking. All these, however, areonly peculiar to men and women of intense passion.
wagers - Wetten; die Wette
concerned - besorgt; Sorge, Anliegen
applied - angewendet; zutreffen, auflegen, anwenden, anlegen
scratchingwith - Kratzen mit
areonly - sind nur
When a man kisses the upper lip of a woman, while she in return kisseshis lower lip, it is called the "kiss of the upper lip."
upper lip - Oberlippe
When one of them takes both the lips of the other between his or herown, it is called "a clasping kiss." A woman, however, only takes thiskind of kiss from a man who has no moustache. And on the occasion ofthis kiss, if one of them touches the teeth, the tongue, and the palateof the other, with his or her tongue, it is called the "fighting of thetongue.
herown - Sie selbst
clasping - Umklammerung; klammernd, umklammernd; (clasp); Spange, Klammer
thiskind - diese Art
moustache - Schnurrbart, Oberlippenbart, Schnauzbart, Schnauzer
palateof - Gaumen von
thetongue - dieZunge
In the same way, the pressing of the teeth of the one againstthe mouth of the other is to be practised.
againstthe - gegen die
Kissing is of four kinds, viz., moderate, contracted, pressed, and soft,according to the different parts of the body which are kissed, fordifferent kinds of kisses are appropriate for different parts of thebody.
contracted - unter Vertrag genommen; Vertrag
kissed - geküsst; küssen
fordifferent - fürdunterschiedlich
thebody - den Körper
When a woman looks at the face of her lover while he is asleep, andkisses it to show her intention or desire, it is called a "kiss thatkindles love."
at the face - vor Ort
andkisses - und Küsse
thatkindles - das zündet
When a woman kisses her lover while he is engaged in business, or whilehe is quarrelling with her, or while he is looking at something else, sothat his mind may be turned away, it is called a "kiss that turns away."
whilehe - während er
quarrelling - (quarell) sich streiten
sothat - Und das
When a lover coming home late at night kisses his beloved, who is asleepor in bed, in order to show her his desire, it is called a "kiss thatawakens." On such an occasion the woman may pretend to be asleep at thetime of her lover's arrival, so that she may know his intention andobtain respect from him.
beloved - beliebt, geliebt, Liebe, Liebchen, Liebling; (belove); beliebt
asleepor - aslepor
thatawakens - das erwacht
thetime - die Zeit
andobtain - und erhalten
When a person kisses the reflection of the person he loves in a mirror,in water, or on a wall, it is called a "kiss showing the intention."
reflection - Reflexion, Abbild, Reflektion, Abwägung
mirror - Spiegel; Kopie
When a person kisses a child sitting on his lap, or a picture, or animage, or figure, in the presence of the person beloved by him, it iscalled a "transferred kiss."
figure - Abbildung; Figur; Gestalt; Ziffer; Form
presence - Anwesenheit
transferred - übertragen, versetzen, bringen, Übertragung, Versetzung
When at night at a theatre, or in an assembly of caste men, a man comingup to a woman kisses a finger of her hand if she be standing, or a toeof her foot if she be sitting, or when a woman is shampooing her lover'sbody, places her face on his thigh (as if she was sleepy) so as toinflame his passion, and kisses his thigh or great toe, it is called a"demonstrative kiss."
comingup - kommen
toeof - von
sbody - s Körper
thigh - Oberschenkel
sleepy - schläfrig; verschlafen
toinflame - zu entflammen
demonstrative - demonstrativ
There is also a verse on the subject as follows:--
"Whatever things may be done by one of the lovers to the other, the sameshould be returned by the other, _i.e._, if the woman kisses him he shouldkiss her in return, if she strikes him he should also strike her inreturn."
whatever - Jacke wie Hose; was immer, was auch immer, egal, naja, nebbich
sameshould - selbiges sollte
shouldkiss - soll ich küssen
strikes - Streiks; streichen, schlagen, prägen, streiken, scheinen
ON PRESSING, OR MARKING, OR SCRATCHING WITH THE NAILS.
When love becomes intense, pressing with the nails or scratching thebody with them is practised, and it is done on the following occasions:On the first visit; at the time of setting out on a journey; on thereturn from a journey; at the time when an angry lover is reconciled;and lastly when the woman is intoxicated.
setting out - aussetzend
reconciled - versöhnt; versöhnen
intoxicated - berauscht; berauschen, vergiften, berauschen
But pressing with the nails is not an usual thing except with those whoare intensely passionate, _i.e._, full of passion. It is employed togetherwith biting, by those to whom the practice is agreeable.
Except - ausnehmen, ausklammern, ausschließen, widersprechen, außer
whoare - wer sind
intensely - intensiv
passionate - leidenschaftlich
togetherwith - gemeinsam mit
Pressing with the nails is of the eight following kinds, according tothe forms of the marks which are produced, viz.:
marks - Zeichen; Markus, Markus, Markus
1. Sounding.
2. half moon.
half moon - Halbmond
3. A circle.
circle - Kreis, Zirkel, Augenringe, umkreisen, einkreisen
4. A line.
5. A tiger's nail or claw.
tiger - Tiger
claw - zerkratzen; Kralle, Fang (Vogelkralle), Klaue
6. A peacock's foot.
7. The jump of a hare.
jump - (to jump) springen, hüpfen
8. The leaf of a blue lotus.
The places that are to be pressed with the nails are as follows: the armpit, the throat, the breasts, the lips, the jaghana, or middle parts ofthe body, and the thighs. But Suvarnanabha is of opinion that when theimpetuosity of passion is excessive, then the places need not beconsidered.
armpit - Achselhöhle; Dreckloch
theimpetuosity - die Unnachgiebigkeit
excessive - übertrieben; übermäßig, exzessiv
beconsidered - in Betracht gezogen werden
The qualities of good nails are that they should be bright, well set,clean, entire, convex, soft, and glossy in appearance. Nails are ofthree kinds according to their size, viz.:
bright - fröhlich, aufgeweckt, leuchtend, klar, hell
convex - konvex
glossy - glänzend
ofthree - von drei
Small. Middling. Large.
Large nails, which give grace to the hands, and attract the hearts ofwomen from their appearance, are possessed by the Bengalees.
grace - Tischgebet; Anmut, Grazie, Aufschub, Fristverlängerung
ofwomen - von Frauen
possessed - besessen; Schutzpolizeiaufgebote
Small nails, which can be used in various ways, and are to be appliedonly with the object of giving pleasure, are possessed by the people ofthe southern districts.
appliedonly - nur angewandt
southern - südlich, Süd
districts - Bezirke; Bezirk, Kreis, Landkreis, Stadtteil
Middling nails, which contain the properties of both the above kinds,belong to the people of the Maharashtra.
properties - Eigenschaften; Eigentum
belong - zugehören; gehören (zu)
Maharashtra - Maharashtra
(1). When a person presses the chin, the breasts, the lower lip, or thejaghana of another so softly that no scratch or mark is left, but onlythe hair on the body becomes erect from the touch of the nails, and thenails themselves make a sound, it is called a "sounding or pressing withthe nails."
softly - sachte; leise
scratch - kratzen; zerkratzen, verkratzen, Kratzer
mark - Markus
onlythe - nur die
erect - aufrecht; stramm (Haltung), steif; errichten
touch - anfassen, berühren, Berührung, Tasten, Spur
This pressing is used in the case of a young girl when her lovershampoos her, scratches her head, and wants to trouble or frighten her.
lovershampoos - Liebesshampoos
scratches - kratzen, kratzen, zerkratzen, verkratzen, Kratzer
trouble - Probleme; Ärger; Schwierigkeit; Anstrengung, Bemühung, Mühe
frighten - Angst machen, erschrecken, beängstigen
(2). The curved mark with the nails, which is impressed on the neck andthe breasts, is called the "half moon."
curved - gekrümmt; Kurve, Kurve, Linie, Kurven, biegen, verbiegen
impressed - beeindruckt; beeindrucken, prägen
(3). When the half moons are impressed opposite to each other, it iscalled a "circle." This mark with the nails is generally made on thenavel, the small cavities about the buttocks, and on the joints of thethigh.
moons - Monde; Mond
opposite to - gegenüber
cavities - Hohlräume; Hohlraum, Gravur, Aushöhlung, Loch, Höhle, Hohlraum
buttocks - Pobacken; Hinterbacke, qualifier
thethigh - der Schenkel
(4). A mark in the form of a small line, and which can be made on anypart of the body, is called a "line."
anypart - ein Teil
(5). This same line, when it is curved, and made on the breast, iscalled a "tiger's nail."
(6). When a curved mark is made on the breast by means of the fivenails, it is called a "peacock's foot." This mark is made with theobject of being praised, for it requires a great deal of skill to makeit properly.
theobject - dasGegenstand
requires - erfordert; erfordern, brauchen, benötigen
makeit - machen
properly - ordnungsgemäß, ordentlich, richtig, vernünftig
(7). When five marks with the nails are made close to one another nearthe nipple of the breast, it is called "the jump of a hare."
nearthe - in der Nähe der
nipple - Nippel, Brustwarze, Stutzen, Verbindungsstück, Speichennippel
(8). A mark made on the breast or on the hips in the form of a leaf ofthe blue lotus, is called the "leaf of a blue lotus."
hips - Hüften; Hüfte
When a person is going on a journey, and makes a mark on the thighs, oron the breast, it is called a "token of remembrance." On such anoccasion three or four lines are impressed close to one another with thenails.
token - Zeichen, Symbol, Andenken, Souvenir, Erinnerung, Jeton
remembrance - Erinnern; Erinnerung
anoccasion - ein Anlass
Here ends the marking with the nails. Marks of other kinds than theabove may also be made with the nails, for the ancient authors say,that as there are innumerable degrees of skill among men (the practiceof this art being known to all), so there are innumerable ways of makingthese marks. And as pressing or marking with the nails is independent oflove, no one can say with certainty how many different kinds of markswith the nails do actually exist.
theabove - die oben genannten
ancient - alt, uralt, antik
makingthese - diese zu machen
independent - unabhängig, selbständig
actually - eigentlich, tatsächlich, in Wirklichkeit, in Wahrheit
exist - bestehen, existieren
The reason of this is, Vatsyayanasays, that as variety is necessary in love, so love is to be produced bymeans of variety. It is on this account that courtezans, who are wellacquainted with various ways and means, become so desirable, for ifvariety is sought in all the arts and amusements, such as archery andothers, how much more should it be sought after in the present case.
variety - Vielfalt; Sorte; Varietät, Sprachform, Sprachvarietät
wellacquainted - gut kennengelernt
Archery - Bogenschießen
andothers - und andere
The marks of the nails should not be made on married women, butparticular kinds of marks may be made on their private parts for theremembrance and increase of love.
butparticular - aber speziell
private parts - Genitalien
There are also some verses on the subject, as follows:
"The love of a woman who sees the marks of nails on the private parts ofher body, even though they are old and almost worn out, becomes againfresh and new. If there be no marks of nails to remind a person of thepassages of love, then love is lessened in the same way as when no uniontakes place for a long time."
almost - fast, beinahe, so gut wie
remind - erinnern, in Erinnerung bringen
thepassages - die Passagen
lessened - vermindert; verringern, vermindern, nachlassen, herabsetzen
Even when a stranger sees at a distance a young woman with the marks ofnails on her breast,[37] he is filled with love and respect for her.
distance - Distanz, Entfernung, Abstand, Ferne, Weite, entfernen
A man, also, who carries the marks of nails and teeth on some parts ofhis body, influences the mind of a woman, even though it be ever sofirm. In short, nothing tends to increase love so much as the effects ofmarking with the nails, and biting.
ofhis - von ihm
influences - Einflüsse; Einfluss, Beeinflussung, Einfluss, Beeinflusser
tends - neigt; abzielen
ofmarking - der Kennzeichnung
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 37: From this it would appear that in ancient times thebreasts of women were not covered, and this is seen in the painting ofthe Ajunta and other caves, where we find that the breasts of even royalladies and others are exposed.]
thebreasts - dieBrüste
covered - abgedeckt; Deckel, Abdeckung, Deckung, Versteck
caves - Höhlen; nachgeben, aufgeben; Höhle
exposed - ausgesetzt; aufdecken, offenbaren, entblößen, bloßlegen
ON BITING, AND THE MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED WITH REGARD TO WOMEN OFDIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
All the places that can be kissed, are also the places that can bebitten, except the upper lip, the interior of the mouth, and the eyes.
interior - inner; Interieur, Inneres, Innenraum, offener Kern
The qualities of good teeth are as follows: They should be equal,possessed of a pleasing brightness, capable of being coloured, of properproportions, unbroken, and with sharp ends.
brightness - Funkeln, Glanz, Helligkeit, Aufgewecktheit
properproportions - das richtige Maß
unbroken - ungebrochen
sharp - scharf; scharfsinning; spitz, -is, hoch, stechend
The defects of teeth on the other hand are, that they are blunt,protruding from the gums, rough, soft, large, and loosely set.
blunt - schonungslos, offen, ungehobelt, sehr deutlich; abstumpfen
protruding - herausragen, hervorragen, herausstehen, vorstehen, vorkragen
gums - Zahnfleisch; Gummi, Klebgummi, Harz
rough - rau, grob, Rough
loosely - locker
The following are the different kinds of biting, viz.:
The hidden bite. The swollen bite. The point. The line of points. The coral and the jewel. The line of jewels. The broken cloud. The biting of the boar.
hidden - versteckt; verbergen, verheimlichen, verstecken, verdecken
bite - beißen; Biss; Stich; Bissen
swollen - geschwollen; Schwellen
coral - Korallen; Koralle
cloud - Wolke; verschleiern
boar - Wildschwein; Eber
(1). The biting which is shown only by the excessive redness of the skinthat is bitten, is called the "hidden bite."
redness - Röte; Rötung
bitten - gebissen; beißen, beißen, beißen, beißen, Biss, Biss, Stich
(2). When the skin is pressed down on both sides, it is called the"swollen bite."
pressed down - herabgedrückt
(3). When a small portion of the skin is bitten with two teeth only, itis called the "point."
(4). When such small portions of the skin are bitten with all the teeth,it is called the "line of points."
portions - Portionen; Teil
(5). The biting which is done by bringing together the teeth and thelips, is called the "coral and the jewel." The lip is the coral, and theteeth the jewel.
bringing together - zusammenbringend [alt], zusammen bringend
(6). When biting is done with all the teeth, it is called the "line ofjewels."
ofjewels - von Juwelen
(7). The biting which consists of unequal risings in a circle, and whichcomes from the space between the teeth, is called the "broken cloud."This is impressed on the breasts.
risings - Erhöhungen; steigend, aufgehend
whichcomes - was kommt
(8). The biting which consists of many broad rows of marks near to oneanother, and with red intervals, is called the "biting of a boar." Thisis impressed on the breasts and the shoulders; and these two last modesof biting are peculiar to persons of intense passion.
broad - breit, deutliche, großräumig
rows - Reihen; Reihe, Zeile
oneanother - Einander
intervals - Intervalle; Abstand, Zwischenraum, Intervall
The lower lip is the place on which the "hidden bite," the "swollenbite," and the "point" are made; again the "swollen bite," and the"coral and the jewel" bite are done on the cheek. Kissing, pressing withthe nails, and biting are the ornaments of the left cheek, and when theword cheek is used it is to be understood as the left cheek.
swollenbite - geschwollener Biss
cheek - Frechheit; Backe, ormal, Stirn, Mick, Pumpenmick
theword - das Wort
Both the "line of points" and the "line of jewels" are to be impressedon the throat, the arm pit, and the joints of the thighs; but the "lineof points" alone is to be impressed on the forehead and the thighs.
impressedon - Beeindruckt
pit - Fallgrube, Schachtgrube, Box (Sport)
lineof - Linie von
The marking with the nails, and the biting of the following things,viz., an ornament of the forehead, an ear ornament, a bunch of flowers,a betel leaf, or a tamala leaf, which are worn by, or belong to thewoman that is beloved, are signs of the desire of enjoyment.
bunch - Bund, lowers, Traube, bündeln, anordnen
Here end the different kinds of biting.
* * * * *
In the affairs of love a man should do such things as are agreeable tothe women of different countries.
affairs - Angelegenheiten; Angelegenheit, Angelegenheit, Scharmützel
The women of the central countries (_i.e._, between the Ganges and theJumna) are noble in their character, not accustomed to disgracefulpractices, and dislike pressing the nails and biting.
central - zentral, mittig
Ganges - Ganges
theJumna - dieJumna
noble - edel; Adeliger, Adliger, Adelige, Adlige
accustomed - Gewöhnt; gewöhnen, gewöhnen
disgracefulpractices - schändliche Praktiken
dislike - Abneigung; Unbehagen; ablehnen
The women of the Balhika country are gained over by striking.
The women of Avantika are fond of foul pleasures, and have not goodmanners.
foul - schmutzig
goodmanners - Gutmenschen
The women of the Maharashtra are fond of practising the sixty-four arts,they utter low and harsh words, and like to be spoken to in the sameway, and have an impetuous desire of enjoyment.
utter - Äußerlich; äußerst
harsh - rau, harsch, unwirsch, scharf
impetuous - ungestüm
The women of Pataliputra (_i.e._, the modern Patna) are of the same natureas the women of the Maharashtra, but show their likings only in secret.
likings - Vorlieben; mögend
in secret - insgeheim
The women of the Dravida country, though they are rubbed and pressedabout at the time of sexual enjoyment, have a slow fall of semen, thatis they are very slow in the act of coition.
rubbed - gerieben; reiben, reiben, abreiben, sich abreiben
thatis - Das ist
The women of Vanavasi are moderately passionate, they go through everykind of enjoyment, cover their bodies, and abuse those who utter low,mean and harsh words.
everykind - jede Art
cover - Versicherungsdeckung ;überdecken;bespannen (mit Stoff ...), decken, überziehen;Ăśberzug , Umschlag , Hülle , Titel
abuse - missbrauchen, beschimpfen; Missbrauch, Schmähung
The women of Avanti hate kissing, marking with the nails, and biting,but they have a fondness for various kinds of sexual union.
The women of Malwa like embracing and kissing, but not wounding, andthey are gained over by striking.
wounding - Verwundung; (wound) Verwundung
andthey - und sie
The women of Abhira, and those of the country about the Indus and fiverivers (_i.e._, the Punjab), are gained over by the Auparishtaka or mouthcongress.
fiverivers - Fünfer
Punjab - Pandjab
mouthcongress - Mundkongress
The women of Aparatika are full of passion, and make slowly the sound"Sit."
The women of the Lat country have even more impetuous desire, and alsomake the sound "Sit."
alsomake - alsMake
The women of the Stri Rajya, and of Koshola (Oude), are full ofimpetuous desire, their semen falls in large quantities, and they arefond of taking medicine to make it do so.
ofimpetuous - der Unaufrichtigkeit
Medicine - Medizin; Heilkunst, Heilkunde, Arznei
The women of the Audhra country have tender bodies, they are fond ofenjoyment, and have a liking for voluptuous pleasures.
ofenjoyment - des Vergnügens
voluptuous - üppig
The women of Ganda have tender bodies, and speak sweetly.
sweetly - süß
Among the things mentioned above, viz., embracing, kissing, etc., thosewhich increase passion should be done first, and those which are onlyfor amusement or variety should be done afterwards.
thosewhich - die
onlyfor - nur für
There are also some verses on this subject as follows:
"When a man bites a woman forcibly, she should angrily do the same tohim with double force. Thus a 'point'should be returned with a 'line ofpoints,'and a 'line of points'with a 'broken cloud,'and if she beexcessively chafed, she should at once begin a love quarrel with him. Atsuch a time she should take hold of her lover by the hair, and bend hishead down, and kiss his lower lip, and then, being intoxicated withlove, she should shut her eyes and bite him in various places.
bites - beißt; beißen, beißen, beißen, beißen, Biss, Biss, Stich, Bissen
angrily - verärgert, wütend
double - doppelt; doppel-; doppellagig, zweilagig, gefüllt, kontra-
ofpoints - von Punkten
beexcessively - übermäßig
chafed - aufgescheuert; Reibungswärme, Schürfwunde, Verschleiß
quarrel - sich streiten, zanken
take hold - zugreifen
bend - beugen; biegen, durchbiegen, Kurve, Biegung, Schrägbalken
hishead - seinen Kopf
shut - geschlossen; (to shut) schließen, zumachen
Even byday, and in a place of public resort, when her lover shows her any markthat she may have inflicted on his body, she should smile at the sightof it, and turning her face as if she were going to chide him, sheshould show him with an angry look the marks on her own body that havebeen made by him. Thus if men and women act according to each other'sliking, their love for each other will not be lessened even in onehundred years."
inflicted - auferlegt; zufügen, de
smile at - anlächeln
sightof - sehen
chide - schimpfen; schelten
havebeen - gewesen sein
sliking - Rutschen
onehundred - einhundert
OF THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF LYING DOWN, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF CONGRESS.
On the occasion of a "high congress" the Mrigi (Deer) woman should liedown in such a way as to widen her yoni, while in a "low congress" theHastini (Elephant) woman should lie down so as to contract hers. But inan "equal congress" they should lie down in the natural position.
liedown - gelogen
widen - verbreitern; erman: sich weiten; erweitern
contract - Vertrag, Kontrakt; ich/er/sie zog zusammen, Vertrag abschließen
position - Stellung, Position, Arbeitsplatz, Stelle, positionieren
Whatis said above concerning the Mrigi and the Hastini applies also to theVadawa (Mare) woman. In a "low congress" the women should particularlymake use of medicine, to cause her desires to be satisfied quickly.
particularlymake - besonders machen
The Deer-woman has the following three ways of lying down.
The widely opened position. The yawning position. The position of the wife of Indra.
widely - weit verbreitet; breit; entfernt
yawning - gähnt; (yawn) gähnen; (yawn); gähnen; Gähnen
(1). When she lowers her head and raises her middle parts, it is calledthe "widely opened position." At such a time the man should apply someunguent, so as to make the entrance easy.
lowers - unterlegen; niedriger, niedrigerer
raises - erhebt; Gehaltszulage; aufsteigen, anheben, erhöhen
calledthe - genannt
entrance - Eingang, Einfahrt, Antritt
(2). When she raises her thighs and keeps them wide apart and engages incongress, it is called the "yawning position."
raises - erhebt; (rai) Rai
wide - breit, weit
apart - auseinander; getrennt; beiseite; entzwei, in Stücke
Engages - Engagiert; beschäftigen, anstellen, angreifen, anlegen
(3). When she places her thighs with her legs doubled on them upon hersides, and thus engages in congress, it is called the position ofIndrani, and this is learnt only by practice. The position is alsouseful in the case of the "highest congress."
doubled - verdoppelt; doppelt, doppelt, doppel-, doppellagig, zweilagig
hersides - ihre Seiten
ofIndrani - vonIndrani
The "clasping position" is used in "low congress," and in the "lowestcongress," together with the "pressing position," the "twiningposition", and the "mare's position."
lowestcongress - niedrigsten Kongresses
twiningposition - Zwillingsposition
When the legs of both the male and the female are stretched straightout over each other, it is called the "clasping position." It is of twokinds, the side position and the supine position, according to the wayin which they lie down. In the side position the male should invariablylie on his left side, and cause the woman to lie on her right side, andthis rule is to be observed in lying down with all kinds of women.
stretched - gestreckt; strecken, dehnen, langziehen, dehnen
straightout - ohne Umschweife
twokinds - zwei Arten
side - Seite; Flanke, Rand, Mannschaft, Team
supine - in Rückenlage; Lagewort, Supinum
invariablylie - ausnahmslos liegen
andthis - Und das
When, after congress has begun in the clasping position, the womanpresses her lover with her thighs, it is called the "pressing position."
womanpresses - Frauenpressen
When the woman places one of her thighs across the thigh of her lover,it is called the "twining position."
When a woman forcibly holds in her yoni the lingam after it is in, it iscalled the "mare's position." This is learnt by practice only, and ischiefly found among the women of the Andra country.
holds - hält; innehaben
ischiefly - ischieflich
The above are the different ways of lying down, mentioned by Babhravya;Suvarnanabha, however, gives the following in addition.
When the female raises both of her thighs straight up, it is called the"rising position."
straight up - ungelogen;ohne Eis [Cocktails]
rising - steigend, aufgehend; (rise); steigend, aufgehend
When she raises both of her legs, and places them on her lover'sshoulders, it is called the "yawning position."
sshoulders - sSchultern
When the legs are contracted, and thus held by the lover before hisbosom, it is called the "pressed position."
When only one of her legs is stretched out, it is called the "halfpressed position."
halfpressed - halb gedrückt
When the woman places one of her legs on her lover's shoulder, andstretches the other out, and then places the latter on his shoulder, andstretches out the other, and continues to do so alternately, it iscalled the "splitting of a bamboo."
andstretches - und streckt sich
continues - fortsetzen, weiterhin
splitting - (split) geteilt, Spalt, Spaltung
bamboo - Bambus, Bambusrohr
When one of her legs is placed on the head, and the other is stretchedout, it is called the "fixing of a nail." This is learnt by practiceonly.
stretchedout - gestreckt
practiceonly - nur für die Praxis
When both the legs of the woman are contracted, and placed on herstomach, it is called the "crab's position."
Crab - Krebs, Krabbe, Winde, Nörgler
When the thighs are raised and placed one upon the other, it is calledthe "packed position."
packed - verpackt; packen, einpacken; packen (verstauen); Bündel, Meute
When the shanks are placed one upon the other, it is called the"lotus-like position."
shanks - Schäfte; Unterschenkel, Beinstück, Hachse
When a man, during congress, turns round, and enjoys the woman withoutleaving her, while she embraces him round the back all the time, it iscalled the "turning position," and is learnt only by practice.
withoutleaving - ohne zu gehen
Thus says Suvarnanabha, these different ways of lying down, sitting, andstanding should be practised in water, because it is easy to do sotherein. But Vatsyayana is of opinion that congress in water isimproper, because it is prohibited by the religious law.
andstanding - und stehen
isimproper - Ist das richtig
When a man and a woman support themselves on each other's bodies, or ona wall, or pillar, and thus while standing engage in congress, it iscalled the "supported congress."
supported - unterstützt; Rückendeckung, Auflage, Unterstützung; abstützen
When a man supports himself against a wall, and the woman, sitting onhis hands joined together and held underneath her, throws her arms roundhis neck, and putting her thighs alongside his waist, moves herself byher feet, which are touching the wall against which the man is leaning,it is called the "suspended congress."
supports - unterstützt; Rückendeckung, Auflage, Unterstützung; abstützen
underneath - darunter; unten; unterhalb
throws - Wurf; werfen (du wirfst, er wirft), ich/er/sie würfe
alongside - nebenher, entlang, an der Seite
waist - Taille; Rumpf
leaning - (to lean) sich an etwas lehnen
suspended - ausgesetzt; suspendieren, aufhängen, suspendieren, aufheben
When a woman stands on her hands and feet like a quadruped, and herlover mounts her like a bull, it is called the "congress of a cow." Atthis time everything that is ordinarily done on the bosom should be doneon the back.
quadruped - vierfüßig; Vierfüßer, Vierfüßerin, Vierfüßler, Vierfüßlerin
doneon - erledigt
In the same way can be carried on the congress of a dog, the congress ofa goat, the congress of a deer, the forcible mounting of an ass, thecongress of a cat, the jump of a tiger, the pressing of an elephant, therubbing of a boar, and the mounting of a horse. And in all these casesthe characteristics of these different animals should be manifested byacting like them.
goat - Ziege, Geiß, Bock
forcible - gewaltsam
mounting - Befestigung; ersteigend, Halterung
ass - Arsch, Esel, Dummkopf
thecongress - derKongress
therubbing - Reiben
manifested - manifestiert; manifest, Ladungsliste, Manifest, manifestieren
byacting - durch Schauspielerei
When a man enjoys two women at the same time, both of whom love himequally, it is called the "united congress."
When a man enjoys many women altogether, it is called the "congress of aherd of cows."
altogether - ganz und gar, ohne Ausnahme, ausnahmslos, insgesamt
The following kinds of congress, viz., sporting in water, or thecongress of an elephant with many female elephants, which is said totake place only in the water, the congress of a collection of goats, thecongress of a collection of deer, take place in imitation of theseanimals.
totake - zu nehmen
collection - Sammlung, Kollektion, Menge, Sammeln
goats - Ziegen; Ziege, Geiß, Bock
theseanimals - diese Tiere
In Gramaneri many young men enjoy a woman that may be married to one ofthem, either one after the other, or at the same time. Thus one of themholds her, another enjoys her, a third uses her mouth, a fourth holdsher middle part, and in this way they go on enjoying her several partsalternately.
ofthem - von ihnen
themholds - Sieholds
holdsher - hält sie
partsalternately - Teile alternativ
The same things can be done when several men are sitting in company withone courtesan, or when one courtesan is alone with many men. In the sameway this can be done by the women of the King's harem when theyaccidentally get hold of a man.
withone - miteinem
theyaccidentally - sie versehentlich
The people in the Southern countries have also a congress in the anus,that is called the "lower congress."
anus - Anus, After; (Anu); Anus, After
Thus ends the various kinds of congress. There are also two verses onthe subject as follows.
"An ingenious person should multiply the kinds of congress after thefashion of the different kinds of beasts and of birds. For thesedifferent kinds of congress, performed according to the usage of eachcountry, and the liking of each individual, generate love, friendship,and respect in the hearts of women."
multiply - multiplizieren
beasts - Biester; Tier
thesedifferent - anders
usage - Verwendung, Benutzung, Anwendung, Brauch, Gebrauch
eachcountry - jedes Land
individual - Individuum; einzeln, individuell, Einzel-
generate - generieren; erzeugen
OF THE VARIOUS MODES OF STRIKING, AND OF THE SOUNDS APPROPRIATE TO THEM.
modes - Modi; Betriebsart, Betrieb, Modus, Art
Sexual intercourse can be compared to a quarrel, on account of thecontrarieties of love and its tendency to dispute. The place of strikingwith passion is the body, and on the body the special places are:
tendency - Tendenz (''not often used in this sense; one would rather use a verb such as " zu (...) neigen" or tendieren'')
strikingwith - auffällig
The shoulders. The head. The space between the breasts. The back. The jaghana, or middle part of the body. The sides.
Striking is of four kinds, viz.:
Striking with the back of the hand. Striking with the fingers a little contracted. Striking with the fist. Striking with the open palm of the hand.
fist - fausten; Faust
palm - Handfläche; Palme, Schaufel (am Geweih)
On account of its causing pain, striking gives rise to the hissingsound, which is of various kinds, and to the eight kinds of crying,viz.:
causing - verursacht; Ursache, Anlass, Grund, Sache, verursachen
rise - steigen; Kursanstieg; Aufgang, Gehaltszulage, Aufschwung
hissingsound - Zischgeräusch
The sound Hin. The thundering sound. The cooing sound. The weeping sound. The sound Phut. The sound Phât. The sound Sût. The sound Plât.
Hin - Hin
thundering - donnernd; (thunder); Donner; Donnern
weeping - weinen; .; (weep) weinen
Besides these, there are also words having a meaning, such as "mother,"and those that are expressive of prohibition, sufficiency, desire ofliberation, pain or praise, and to which may be added sounds like thoseof the dove, the cuckoo, the green pigeon, the parrot, the bee, thesparrow, the flamingo, the duck, and the quail, which are alloccasionally made use of.
expressive - ausdrucksvoll, ausdrucksstark
prohibition - Verbot
sufficiency - Ausreichend; Zulänglichkeiten, Zulänglichkeit
ofliberation - der Befreiung
Praise - Gelobt; Lob; loben, preisen
be added - hinzugefügt
thoseof - die von
dove - Taube; (dive) Taube
cuckoo - Kuckuck
parrot - Papagei; nachplappern
bee - Wettbewerb, Biene
flamingo - Flamingo
Duck - untertauchen (in); Schiertuch, Ente, Segeltuch; kneifen
alloccasionally - Gelegentlich
Blows with the fist should be given on the back of the woman, while sheis sitting on the lap of the man, and she should give blows in return,abusing the man as if she were angry, and making the cooing and theweeping sounds. While the woman is engaged in congress the space betweenthe breasts should be struck with the back of the hand, slowly at first,and then proportionately to the increasing excitement, until the end.
blows - Schläge; (to blow) blasen, wehen
abusing - missbrauchen, beschimpfen; Missbrauch, Schmähung
theweeping - das Weinen
betweenthe - zwischen den
struck - angeschlagen; streichen, schlagen, prägen, streiken, scheinen
proportionately - verhältnismäßig
increasing - zunehmen; steigernd, anwachsend, ansteigend
excitement - Aufregung, Begeisterung, Spannung, Erregung
At this time the sounds Hin and others may be made, alternately oroptionally, according to habit. When the man, making the sound Phât,strikes the woman on the head, with the fingers of his hand a littlecontracted, it is called Prasritaka, which means striking with thefingers of the hand a little contracted. In this case the appropriatesounds are the cooing sound, the sound Phât, and the sound Phut in theinterior of the mouth, and at the end of congress the sighing andweeping sounds. The sound Phât is an imitation of the sound of a bamboobeing split, while the sound Phut is like the sound made by somethingfalling into water.
oroptionally - oder optional
appropriatesounds - angemessenen Klängen
sighing - Seufzen, Seufzer, Säuseln (Wind); säuseln (Wind)
andweeping - und weinen
bamboobeing - bambooing
split - gespalten; Riss, Spalt, Spaltung, Spagat
somethingfalling - Fällt etwas
At all times when kissing and such like things arebegun, the woman should give a reply with a hissing sound. During theexcitement when the woman is not accustomed to striking, she continuallyutters words expressive of prohibition, sufficiently, or desire ofliberation, as well as the words "father," "mother," intermingled withthe sighing, weeping and thundering sounds.[38] Towards the conclusionof the congress, the breasts, the jaghana, and the sides of the womanshould be pressed with the open palms of the hand, with some force,until the end of it, and then sounds like those of the quail, or thegoose should be made.
arebegun - begonnen werden
reply - antworten, erwidern, Antwort, Entgegnung
theexcitement - dieAufregung
continuallyutters - Kontinuierliche Router
sufficiently - ausreichend; hinreichend, genügend, zureichende
intermingled - vermengt; vermischen
conclusionof - Abschluss der
womanshould - sollte die Frau
palms - Palmen; Palme, Schaufel (am Geweih)
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The characteristics of manhood are said to consist of roughness andimpetuosity, while weakness, tenderness, sensibility, and an inclinationto turn away from unpleasant things are the distinguishing marks ofwomanhood. The excitement of passion, and peculiarities of habit maysometimes cause contrary results to appear, but these do not last long,and in the end the natural state is resumed."
consist - zusammensetzend, besteht aus; bestehen (aus)
roughness - Rauheit, Grobheit
andimpetuosity - und Unnachgiebigkeit
weakness - Schwäche, Faible
tenderness - Zärtlichkeit
sensibility - Sensibilität, Empfindlichkeit, Empfindungsvermögen
inclinationto - Neigung zu
unpleasant - unangenehm
distinguishing - zu unterscheiden; unterscheiden, erkennen, auszeichnen
ofwomanhood - der Weiblichkeit
peculiarities - Eigentümlichkeiten; Singularität, Einzigartigkeit, Besonderheit
maysometimes - vielleicht manchmal
resumed - wiederaufgenommen; weiter; Lebenslauf; fortsetzen
In the same way anything that is a local peculiarity should not alwaysbe adopted elsewhere, and even in the place where the practice isprevalent, excess of it should always be avoided. Instances of thedangerous use of them may be given as follows. The King of the Panchalaskilled the courtezan Madhavasena by means of the wedge during congress.
alwaysbe - immer sein
adopted - angenommen; adoptieren, annehmen, übernehmen
elsewhere - anderswo
isprevalent - vorherrschend ist
excess - Exzess; Überfluss; Überschuss, Übermaß, Völlerei
avoided - vermieden; ausweichen, meiden, fernbleiben, vermeiden
instances - Instanzen; Beispiel
courtezan - Höfling
wedge - verkeilen, festklemmen, mit einem Keil spalten; keilen
ing Shatakarni Shatavahana of the Kuntalas deprived his great QueenMalayavati of her life by a pair of scissors, and Naradeva, whose handwas deformed, blinded a dancing girl by directing a piercing instrumentin a wrong way.
deprived - berauben
scissors - eine Schere; Schere
deformed - deformiert; verformen, entstellen
blinded - geblendet; blind, blind, unkritisch, ignorant, blind, Jalousie
directing - Regie führen; direkt, unmittelbar, beaufsichtigen, inszenieren
instrumentin - Instrumentarium
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"About these things there cannot be either enumeration or any definiterule. Congress having once commenced, passion alone gives birth to allthe acts of the parties."
commenced - begonnen; anfangen, beginnen
birth - Geburt; Niederkunft, Ursprung, Herkunft
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 38: Men who are well acquainted with the art of love are wellaware how often one woman differs from another in her sighs and soundsduring the time of congress. Some women like to be talked to in the mostloving way, others in the most abusive way, and so on.
differs - unterscheidet sich; sich unterscheiden
sighs - seufzt; Seufzen, Seufzer, Säuseln (Wind); säuseln (Wind)
soundsduring - während
mostloving - am liebsten
abusive - missbräuchlich
Some women enjoythemselves with closed eyes in silence, others make a great noise overit, and some almost faint away. The great art is to ascertain what givesthem the greatest pleasure, and what specialities they like best.]
enjoythemselves - sich vergnügen
silence - Stille, Schweigen, zum Schweigen bringen, Ruhe
faint - leise, schwach, undeutlich, ohnmächtig werden
ascertain - festzustellen; feststellen
givesthem - sie geben
specialities - Spezialitäten; Spezialfach, Besonderheit, Spezialität
ABOUT WOMEN ACTING THE PART OF A MAN; AND OF THE WORK OF A MAN.
When a woman sees that her lover is fatigued by constant congress,without having his desire satisfied, she should, with his permission,lay him down upon his back, and give him assistance by acting his part.She may also do this to satisfy the curiosity of her lover, or her owndesire of novelty.
fatigued - Ermüdet; Müdigkeit, Ermüdung, Schlappheit, Überdruss
permission - Erlaubnis, Gestattung, Genehmigung
lay - legen; richten (Tisch)
owndesire - eigenes Verlangen
novelty - Neuheit, Neuartigkeit, neues Produkt, Krimskrams
There are two ways of doing this, the first is when during congress sheturns round, and gets on the top of her lover, in such a manner as tocontinue the congress, without obstructing the pleasure of it; and theother is when she acts the man's part from the beginning. At such atime, with flowers in her hair hanging loose, and her smiles broken byhard breathings, she should press upon her lover's bosom with her ownbreasts, and lowering her head frequently, should do in return the sameactions which he used to do before, returning his blows and chaffinghim, should say, "I was laid down by you, and fatigued with hardcongress, I shall now therefore lay you down in return.
sheturns - sie sich umdreht
gets on - (get on) vorwärts kommen, einsteigen, weiterkommen
tocontinue - fortzusetzen
obstructing - behindern, versperren
smiles - lächelt; Lächeln
byhard - hart
breathings - Atemzüge; Atmen
press - Presse (Maschine), Presse (Zeitung); drängen, drücken
ownbreasts - eigene Brüste
lowering - Senken; Abbau (von Kosten)
sameactions - gleiche Aktionen
chaffinghim - ihn anfechten
She should thenagain manifest her own bashfulness, her fatigue, and her desire ofstopping the congress. In this way she should do the work of a man,which we shall presently relate.
thenagain - dann wieder
manifest - manifest; Ladungsliste; Manifest; manifestieren
fatigue - Müdigkeit, Ermüdung, Schlappheit, Überdruss
ofstopping - zu stoppen
Presently - Gegenwärtig; sogleich
relate - verbinden; sich beziehen, erzählen, berichten
Whatever is done by a man for giving pleasure to a woman is called thework of a man, and is as follows:--
While the woman is lying on his bed, and is as it were abstracted by hisconversation, he should loosen the knot of her under garments, and whenshe begins to dispute with him, he should overwhelm her with kisses.Then when his lingam is erect he should touch her with his hands invarious places, and gently manipulate various parts of the body. If thewoman is bashful, and if it is the first time that they have cometogether, the man should place his hands between her thighs, which shewould probably keep close together, and if she is a very young girl, heshould first get his hands upon her breasts, which she would probablycover with her own hands, and under her armpits and on her neck.
abstracted - abstrahiert; Auszug, Zusammenfassung, abstrakt, abstrakt
hisconversation - seinGespräch
loosen - lösen, lockern
knot - Knoten, Knäuel
whenshe - wann sie
overwhelm - überwältigen, übermannen, überrumpeln, checküberwältigen (2)
gently - sanft
manipulate - manipulieren
bashful - schüchtern, verlegen, scheu
cometogether - zusammenkommen
shewould - würde sie
probablycover - wahrscheinlich decken
Ifhowever she is a seasoned woman, he should do whatever is agreeableeither to him or to her, and whatever is fitting for the occasion. Afterthis he should take hold of her hair, and hold her chin in his fingersfor the purpose of kissing her. On this, if she is a young girl, shewill become bashful and close her eyes. Any how he should gather fromthe action of the woman what things would be pleasing to her duringcongress.
seasoned - gewürzt; Jahreszeit, Saison; abschmecken (würzen), würzen
agreeableeither - auch nicht angenehm
fitting - Anprobe; passend, geeignet, recht
fingersfor - Finger für
shewill - Sie wird
gather - sammeln, versammeln
duringcongress - während des Kongresses
Here Suvarnanabha says that while a man is doing to the woman what helikes best during congress, he should always make a point of pressingthose parts of her body on which she turns her eyes.
helikes - mag
pressingthose - Drücken Sie die
The signs of the enjoyment and satisfaction of the women are as follows:her body relaxes, she closes her eyes, she puts aside all bashfulness,and shows increased willingness to unite the two organs as closelytogether as possible. On the other hand, the signs of her want ofenjoyment and of failing to be satisfied are as follows: she shakes herhands, she does not let the man get up, feels dejected, bites the man,kicks him, and continues to go on moving after the man has finished.
increased - erhöht; zunehmen, steigen, ansteigen, wachsen, anwachsen
willingness - Willigkeit, Bereitschaft
organs - Organe; Organ
closelytogether - eng beieinander
failing - scheitern; Schwäche, Mangel, Fehler
shakes - schüttelt; schütteln, erschüttern, schütteln, erschüttern
herhands - ihre Hände
dejected - niedergeschlagen; entmutigen
kicks - treten, (Pferd) ausschlagen; Stoß
Insuch cases the man should rub the yoni of the woman with his hand andfingers (as the elephant rubs anything with his trunk) before engagingin congress, until it is softened, and after that is done he shouldproceed to put his lingam into her.
rubs - reibt; reiben, reiben, abreiben, sich abreiben, sich abscheuern
trunk - Kofferraum; Stamm, Baumstamm, Koffer, Truhe, Schrankkoffer
engagingin - engagieren
softened - erweicht; aufweichen, weichen, aufweichen, weichen
shouldproceed - fortfahren sollte
The acts to be done by the man are:
Moving forward. Friction or churning. Piercing. Rubbing. Pressing. Giving a blow. The blow of a boar. The blow of a bull. The sporting of a sparrow.
forward - nachsenden, fördern, befördern, versenden, senden; dreist
friction - Reibung, Reiberei, Friktion
churning - durchschütteln; (churn) große Milchkanne [Br.]
blow - (to blow) blasen, wehen, pusten
sparrow - Sperling, Spatz
(1). When the organs are brought together properly and directly it iscalled "moving the organ forward."
brought together - zusammengebracht [alt], zusammen gebracht
directly - direkt, gerade, unmittelbar
(2). When the lingam is held with the hand, and turned all round in theyoni, it is called "churning."
(3). When the yoni is lowered, and the upper part of it is struck withthe lingam, it is called "piercing."
lowered - gesenkt; niedriger, niedrigerer
(4). When the same thing is done on the lower part of the yoni, it iscalled "rubbing."
lower part - Unterteil
(5). When the yoni is pressed by the lingam for a long time, it iscalled "pressing."
(6). When the lingam is removed to some distance from the yoni, and thenforcibly strikes it, it is called "giving a blow."
removed - entfernt; entfernen, beseitigen, verdrängen, umziehen
thenforcibly - dann gewaltsam
(7). When only one part of the yoni is rubbed with the lingam, it iscalled the "blow of a boar."
(8). When both sides of the yoni are rubbed in this way, it is calledthe "blow of a bull."
(9). When the lingam is in the yoni, and moved up and down frequently,and without being taken out, it is called the "sporting of a sparrow."This takes place at the end of congress.
moved up - aufgerückt
When a woman acts the part of a man, she has the following things to doin addition to the nine given above, viz.
doin - tun
The pair of tongs. The top. The swing.
tongs - Zangen; Tong
(1). When the woman holds the lingam in her yoni, draws it in, pressesit, and keeps it thus in her for a long time, it is called the "pair oftongs."
oftongs - viele Lieder
(2). When, while engaged in congress, she turns round like a wheel, itis called the "top." This is learnt by practice only.
(3). When, on such an occasion, the man lifts up the middle part of hisbody, and the woman turns round her middle part, it is called the"swing."
lifts - Aufzüge; Lüften (Bremse), Lift, Aufzug; fördern, Auftrieb geben
hisbody - seinen Körper
When the woman is tired, she should place her forehead on that of herlover, and should thus take rest without disturbing the union of theorgans, and when the woman has rested herself the man should turn roundand begin the congress again.
disturbing - beunruhigend; stören
rested - ausgeruht; Ruhe, Stütze, Lehne, ein Ăśbriges; bleiben, ruhen
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:
"Though a woman is reserved, and keeps her feelings concealed, yet whenshe gets on the top of a man, she then shows all her love and desire. Aman should gather from the actions of the woman of what disposition sheis, and in what way she likes to be enjoyed. A woman during her monthlycourses, a woman who has been lately confined, and a fat woman shouldnot be made to act the part of a man."
reserved - Reservieren
concealed - versteckt; verbergen, verheimlichen, verschleiern, verschweigen
gather from - entnehmen, schließen aus
monthlycourses - monatlichen Kursen
lately - in letzter Zeit; neulich, kürzlich, letztlich
confined - eingesperrt; beschränken, Begrenzung
shouldnot - sollte nicht
OF THE AUPARISHTAKA[39] OR MOUTH CONGRESS.
There are two kinds of eunuchs, those that are disguised as males, andthose that are disguised as females. Eunuchs disguised as femalesimitate their dress, speech, gestures, tenderness, timidity, simplicity,softness and bashfulness. The acts that are done on the jaghana ormiddle parts of women, are done in the mouths of these eunuchs, and thisis called Auparishtaka.
eunuchs - Eunuchen; Eunuch, weiblicher Eunuch, Kastrat, Eunuch
disguised - getarnt; Verkleidung, Tarnung, verstellen
andthose - und die
femalesimitate - weibliches Imitat
Speech - Sprache; Rede, Ansprache
gestures - Gesten; Geste, Gebärde, Geste, gestikulieren
timidity - Schüchternheit; Furchtsamkeit
softness - Weichheit
ormiddle - oderMitte
These eunuchs derive their imaginable pleasure,and their livelihood from this kind of congress, and they lead the lifeof courtezans. So much concerning eunuchs disguised as females.
imaginable - vorstellbar
lead - führen, anführen, leiten; aus Blei; Aufmacher; Anschlussdraht
lifeof - Leben von
Eunuchs disguised as males keep their desires secret, and when they wishto do anything they lead the life of shampooers. Under the pretence ofshampooing, an eunuch of this kind embraces and draws towards himselfthe thighs of the man whom he is shampooing, and after this he touchesthe joints of his thighs and his jaghana, or central portions of hisbody. Then, if he finds the lingam of the man erect, he presses it withhis hands, and chaffs him for getting into that state.
secret - Geheimnis
wishto - wünschen
pretence - Vortäuschung; Vorwand
ofshampooing - des Shampoonierens
Eunuch - Eunuch, weiblicher Eunuch, Kastrat
himselfthe - er selbst
touchesthe - berühren die
chaffs - Häcksel; Spreu, q
If after this,and after knowing his intention, the man does not tell the eunuch toproceed, then the latter does it of his own accord and begins thecongress. If however he is ordered by the man to do it, then he disputeswith him, and only consents at last with difficulty.
toproceed - voranzukommen
accord - Vereinbarung; Übereinstimmung, Einvernehmen, Übereinkommen
disputeswith - Streitigkeiten mit
consents - zustimmt; zustimmen, einwilligen, Zustimmung, Konsens
The following eight things are then done by the eunuch one after theother, viz.
The nominal congress. Biting the sides. Pressing outside. Pressing inside. Kissing. Rubbing. Sucking a mangoe fruit. swallowing up.
inside - Innenseite, Inneres, Innen-, Inner-, drinnen, hinein, innerhalb
sucking - Saugen; (suck); saugen; lutschen; mies sein, zum Kotzen sein
swallowing up - verschluckend
At the end of each of these the eunuch expresses his wish to stop, butwhen one of them is finished, the man desires him to do another, andafter that is done, then the one that follows it, and so on.
butwhen - aber wann
andafter - und danach
(1). When, holding the man's lingam with his hand, and placing itbetween his lips, the eunuch moves about his mouth, it is called the"nominal congress."
(2). When, covering the end of the lingam with his fingers collectedtogether like the bud of a plant or flower, the eunuch presses the sidesof it with his lips, using his teeth also, it is called "biting thesides."
covering - Abdeckung; zudeckend; (cover); Deckel, Abdeckung, Versteck
collectedtogether - gemeinsam gesammelt
bud - Knospe, Knospen treiben
sidesof - Seiten von
thesides - die Seiten
(3). When, being desired to proceed, the eunuch presses the end of thelingam with his lips closed together, and kisses it as if he weredrawing it out, it is called the "outside pressing."
proceed - fortfahren; vorgehen
weredrawing - wer zeichnet
(4). When, being asked to go on, he put the lingam further into hismouth, and presses it with his lips and then takes it out, it is calledthe "inside pressing."
hismouth - seinen Mund
(5). When, holding the lingam in his hand, the eunuch kisses it as if hewere kissing the lower lip, it is called "kissing."
hewere - wo
(6). When, after kissing it, he touches it with his tongue everywhere,and passes the tongue over the end of it, it is called "rubbing."
(7). When, in the same way, he puts the half of it into his mouth, andforcibly kisses and sucks it, this is called "sucking a mangoe fruit."
andforcibly - und gewaltsam
sucks - beschissen; saugen, saugen, lutschen, mies sein
(8). And lastly, when, with the consent of the man, the eunuch puts thewhole lingam into his mouth, and presses it to the very end, as if hewere going to swallow it up, it is called "swallowing up."
thewhole - dasGanze
swallowing - schlucken, verschlingen, anbeißen, einstecken
Striking, scratching, and other things may also be done during this kindof congress.
kindof - Irgendwie
The Auparishtaka is practised only by unchaste and wanton women, femaleattendants and serving maids, _i.e._, those who are not married toanybody, but who live by shampooing.
unchaste - unkeusch, unzüchtig, untugendhaft
wanton - mutwillig; wild, unkontrolliert, unbeherrscht, unberechenbar
femaleattendants - weibliche Teilnehmerinnen
serving - dienen; Portion
toanybody - für irgendjemanden
The Acharyas (_i.e._, ancient and venerable authors) are of opinion thatthis Auparishtaka is the work of a dog and not of a man, because it is alow practice, and opposed to the orders of the Holy Writ, and becausethe man himself suffers by bringing his lingam into contact with themouths of eunuchs and women. But Vatsyayana says that the orders of theHoly Writ do not affect those who resort to courtezans, and the lawprohibits the practice of the Auparishtaka with married women only.
venerable - ehrwürdig, geschätzt, respektabel, verehrenswert
thatthis - das hier
alow - erlauben
becausethe - weil die
suffers - leidet; leiden, leiden, erleiden
themouths - die Jugendlichen
affect - beeinflussen; beeinträchtigen, eine Vorliebe haben für, bewohnen
lawprohibits - Gesetz verbietet
Asregards the injury to the male, that can be easily remedied.
remedied - behoben; Gegenmittel
The people of Eastern India do not resort to women who practise theAuparishtaka.
eastern - Osten; östlich, Ost
theAuparishtaka - dasAuparishtaka
The people of Ahichhatra resort to such women, but do nothing with them,so far as the mouth is concerned.
The people of Saketa do with these women every kind of mouth congress,while the people of Nagara do not practise this, but do every otherthing.
otherthing - etwas anderes
The people of the Shurasena country, on the southern bank of the Jumna,do everything without any hesitation, for they say that women beingnaturally unclean, no one can be certain about their character, theirpurity, their conduct, their practices, their confidences, or theirspeech. They are not however on this account to be abandoned, becausereligious law, on the authority of which they are reckoned pure, laysdown that the udder of a cow is clean at the time of milking, though themouth of a cow, and also the mouth of her calf, are considered uncleanby the Hindoos. Again a dog is clean when he seizes a deer in hunting,though food touched by a dog is otherwise considered very unclean.
hesitation - Zögern
beingnaturally - natürlich sein
unclean - unrein, gemein
theirpurity - ihre Reinheit
confidences - Vertraulichkeiten; Selbstgewissheit, Zuversicht, Vertrauen
theirspeech - ihreRede
abandoned - im Stich lassen, preisgeben, verlassen, abbrechen
becausereligious - weil sie religiös sind
reckoned - gerechnet; rechnen, damit rechnen, zählen
pure - bloß, rein
laysdown - ablegen
udder - Euter
themouth - die Jugend
calf - Wade (Bein), Kalb
seizes - ergreift; ergreifen, fassen, greifen, packen, ergreifen
hunting - Jagd; (hunt); jagen; suchen; Jagd
touched - berührt; anfassen, berühren, rühren, Berührung, Berührung
Abird is clean when it causes a fruit to fall from a tree by pecking atit, though things eaten by crows and other birds are considered unclean.And the mouth of a woman is clean for kissing and such like things atthe time of sexual intercourse. Vatsyayana moreover thinks that in allthese things connected with love, everybody should act according to thecustom of his country, and his own inclination.
pecking - picken; (peck) Küsschen (flüchtig); (pec) picken; (peck) Küsschen (flüchtig)
crows - Krähen; Krähe
inclination - Neigung
There are also the following verses on the subject.
"The male servants of some men carry on the mouth congress with theirmasters. It is also practised by some citizens, who know each otherwell, among themselves. Some women of the harem, when they are amorous,do the acts of the mouth on the yonis of one another, and some men dothe same thing with women.
theirmasters - ihre Herren
otherwell - Anderswo
amorous - amourös
yonis - Yoni
The way of doing this (_i.e._, of kissing theyoni) should be known from kissing the mouth. When a man and woman liedown in an inverted order, _i.e._, with the head of the one towards thefeet of the other and carry on this congress, it is called the "congressof a crow."
inverted - invertiert; umkehren, invertieren
thefeet - den Füßen
crow - Krähe
For the sake of such things courtezans abandon men possessed of goodqualities, liberal and clever, and become attached to low persons, suchas slaves and elephant drivers. The Auparishtaka, or mouth congress,should never be done by a learned Brahman, by a minister that carries onthe business of a state, or by a man of good reputation, because thoughthe practice is allowed by the Shastras, there is no reason why itshould be carried on, and need only be practised in particular cases. Asfor instance, the taste, and the strength, and the digestive qualitiesof the flesh of dogs are mentioned in works on medicine, but it does nottherefore follow that it should be eaten by the wise. In the same waythere are some men, some places and some times, with respect to whichthese practices can be made use of. A man should therefore pay regard tothe place, to the time, and to the practice which is to be carried out,as also as to whether it is agreeable to his nature and to himself, andthen he may or may not practise these things according to circumstances.
goodqualities - gute Qualitäten
liberal - freiheitlich; liberal; Liberaler
attached - befestigt; Aktentasche, Attache, Aktenkoffer
suchas - wie zum Beispiel
slaves - Sklaven; Sklave, t+Sklavin, Sklave, t+Sklavin, Sklave
thoughthe - dachte er
itshould - es sollte
digestive - verdauungsfördernd; digestiv
qualitiesof - Eigenschaften von
flesh - Fleisch; Haut, Leib, Fruchtfleisch, Fleischfarbe, zunehmen
nottherefore - nicht
waythere - Weg dorthin
whichthese - Wer sind diese
andthen - unddann
ut after all, these things being done secretly, and the mind of the manbeing fickle, how can it be known what any person will do at anyparticular time and for any particular purpose.
ut - US-Bundesstaat
secretly - heimlich, insgeheim
manbeing - Menschsein
fickle - schwankend, wankelmütig
anyparticular - etwas Bestimmtes
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 39: This practice appears to have been prevalent in some partsof India from a very ancient time. The "Shushruta," a work on medicinesome two thousand years old, describes the wounding of the lingam withthe teeth as one of the causes of a disease treated upon in that work.Traces of the practice are found as far back as the eighth century, forvarious kinds of the Auparishtaka are represented in the sculptures ofmany Shaiva temples at Bhuvaneshwara, near Cuttack, in Orissa, and whichwere built about that period.
prevalent - vorherrschend
partsof - Teile von
medicinesome - Medizinsom
thousand years old - tausendjährig
disease - Krankheit
traces - Spuren; Zeichen, Spur
forvarious - fürverschiedene
sculptures - Skulpturen; Bildhauerkunst, Skulptur, Skulptur
ofmany - von vielen
temples - Schläfen; Tempel, Schläfe, Bethaus, Synagoge
whichwere - welche waren das
From these sculptures being found in suchplaces, it would seem that this practice was popular in that part of thecountry at that time. It does not seem to be so prevalent now inHindustan, its place perhaps is filled up by the practice of sodomy,introduced since the Mahomedan period.]
suchplaces - solche Orte
Seem - scheinen, dünken
thecountry - das Land
filled up - aufgefüllt
sodomy - Sodomie; Analverkehr
Since - Seit wann; seitdem, seither, weil, da
OF THE WAY HOW TO BEGIN AND HOW TO END THE CONGRESS.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONGRESS AND LOVE QUARRELS.
In the pleasure-room, decorated with flowers, and fragrant withperfumes, attended by his friends and servants, the citizen shouldreceive the woman, who will come bathed and dressed, and will invite herto take refreshment and to drink freely. He should then seat her on hisleft side, and holding her hair, and touching also the end and knot ofher garment, he should gently embrace her with his right arm. Theyshould then carry on an amusing conversation on various subjects, andmay also talk suggestively of things which would be considered ascoarse, or not to be mentioned generally in society.
decorated - dekoriert; ausschmücken, dekorieren, renovieren, qualifier
withperfumes - mit Parfüm
shouldreceive - erhalten sollte
invite - auffordern, einladen
refreshment - Erfrischung
hisleft - seine Linke
garment - Kleidungsstück
amusing - amüsant; amüsieren, vergnügen, belustigen, erheitern
andmay - undMai
suggestively - angedeutet
ascoarse - wie grob
They may then sing,either with or without gesticulations, and play on musical instruments,talk about the arts, and persuade each other to drink. At last when thewoman is overcome with love and desire, the citizen should dismiss thepeople that may be with him, giving them flowers, ointment, and betelleaves, and then when the two are left alone, they should proceed as hasbeen already described in the previous chapters.
gesticulations - Gestikulationen; Gestikulierung
persuade - überzeugen (zu);überzeugen (von);jdn. breitschlagen
dismiss - jdn. des Platzes verweisen;aufgeben, feuern (entlassen), vom Amt absetzen
thepeople - das Volk
ointment - Salbe, Balsam
hasbeen - gewesen sein
Such is the beginning of sexual union. At the end of the congress, thelovers with modesty, and not looking at each other, should go separatelyto the washing-room. After this, sitting in their own places, theyshould eat some betel leaves, and the citizen should apply with his ownhand to the body of the woman some pure sandal wood ointment, orointment of some other kind. He should then embrace her with his leftarm, and with agreeable words should cause her to drink from a cup heldin his own hand, or he may give her water to drink. They can then eatsweetmeats, or anything else, according to their likings, and may drinkfresh juice,[40] soup, gruel, extracts of meat, sherbet, the juice ofmangoe fruits, the extract of the juice of the citron tree mixed withsugar, or anything that may be liked in different countries, and knownto be sweet, soft, and pure.
modesty - Bescheidenheit; Sittsamkeit
separatelyto - getrennt zu
ownhand - eigenhändig
sandal - Sandale
orointment - ernennung
leftarm - linken Arm
heldin - gehalten
gruel - Haferschleim, Mus
extracts - Auszüge; Auszug, Auszug, Extrakt
sherbet - Sorbet
mixed - gemischt; verrühren, mischen, mixen, vermischen, versetzen
withsugar - mitZucker
knownto - bekannt
sweet - Süßigkeit, Bonbon
The lovers may also sit on the terrace ofthe palace or house, and enjoy the moonlight, and carry on an agreeableconversation. At this time, too, while the woman lies in his lap, withher face towards the moon, the citizen should show her the differentplanets, the morning star, the polar star, and the seven Rishis, orGreat Bear.
terrace - Dachterrasse; Häuserreihe; Häuserflucht; Stehtribüne; Stehplätze
Palace - Palast; Schloss
agreeableconversation - Angenehme Konversation
lies - Lügen; (lie down) sich hinlegen
withher - mit ihr
differentplanets - verschiedene Planeten
morning star - Morgenstern
polar star - Polarstern
Rishis - Rishi
orGreat - oderGroßartig
This is the end of sexual union.
Congress is of the following kinds, viz.:
Loving congress. Congress of subsequent love. Congress of artificial love. Congress of transferred love. Congress like that of eunuchs. Deceitful congress. Congress of spontaneous love.
deceitful - betrügerisch
spontaneous - spontan
(1). When a man and a woman, who have been in love with each other forsome time, come together with great difficulty, or when one of the tworeturns from a journey, or is reconciled after having been separated onaccount of a quarrel, then congress is called the "loving congress." Itis carried on according to the liking of the lovers, and as long as theychoose.
forsome - für einige
theychoose - sie wählen
(2). When two persons come together, while their love for each other isstill in its infancy, their congress is called the "congress ofsubsequent love."
isstill - ist noch
infancy - im Kindesalter; Säuglingsphase, frühe Kindheit, Anfangsphase
(3). When a man carries on the congress by exciting himself by means ofthe sixty-four ways, such as kissing, etc., etc., or when a man and awoman come together, though in reality they are both attached todifferent persons, their congress is then called "congress of artificiallove." At this time all the ways and means mentioned in the Kama Shastrashould be used.
carries on - betreibt
awoman - eine Frau
reality - Wirklichkeit, Realität, checkRealität
todifferent - zu unterscheiden
artificiallove - Kunstliebe
(4). When a man, from the beginning to the end of the congress, thoughhaving connection with the women, thinks all the time that he isenjoying another one whom he loves, it is called the "congress oftransferred love."
thoughhaving - obwohl sie
oftransferred - oft übertragen
(5). Congress between a man and a female water carrier, or a femaleservant of a caste lower than his own, lasting only until the desire issatisfied, is called "congress like that of eunuchs." Here externaltouches, kisses, and manipulations are not to be employed.
carrier - Träger; Frachtunternehmen; Trägersignal, Überträger
lasting - nachhaltig, anhaltend, dauerhaft, bleibend; (last) nachhaltig
issatisfied - Zufrieden
externaltouches - externe Berührungen
manipulations - Manipulationen; Manipulation, Manipulierung, Manipulieren
(6). The congress between a courtezan and a rustic, and that betweencitizens and the women of villages, and bordering countries, is called,"deceitful congress."
rustic - rustikal
betweencitizens - zwischen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern
bordering - angrenzend; Grenze, Rand, Rand, Beet
(7). The congress that takes place between two persons who are attachedto one another, and which is done according to their own liking iscalled "spontaneous congress."
attachedto - befestigt
Thus ends the kinds of congress.
We shall now speak of love quarrels.
A woman who is very much in love with a man cannot bear to hear the nameof her rival mentioned, or to have any conversation regarding her, or tobe addressed by her name through mistake. If such takes place, a greatquarrel arises, and the woman cries, becomes angry, tosses her hairabout, strikes her lover, falls from her bed or seat, and, casting asideher garlands and ornaments, throws herself down on the ground.
rival - Rivalen; Gegner, Rivale, Konkurrent, Gegnerin
regarding - bezüglich; schätzen, betrachten, berücksichtigen
cries - weint; weinen, schreien, schreien, rufen, Weinen
becomes angry - ergrimmt
tosses - wirft; Wurf, Münzwurf, werfen, werfen, verwerfen, wegwerfen
hairabout - Hairrabout
casting - Gießerei, Abguss, Rollenbesetzung; (cast); werfen; wegwerfen
asideher - beiseite
At this time, the lover should attempt to reconcile her withconciliatory words, and should take her up carefully and place her onher bed. But she, not replying to his questions, and with increasedanger, should bend down his head by pulling his hair, and having kickedhim once, twice, or thrice on his arms, head, bosom or back, should thenproceed to the door of the room. Dattaka says that she should then sitangrily near the door and shed tears, but should not go out, because shewould be found fault with for going away.
attempt - versuchen; Versuch, Bestreben, Bestrebung, Anschlag, Attentat
reconcile - versöhnen
withconciliatory - mit versöhnlich
carefully - sorgfältig; vorsichtig
replying - antworten, erwidern, Antwort, Entgegnung, Antwort
increasedanger - erhöhte Gefahr
bend down - sich bücken
pulling - herausziehen; (pull); ziehen
thrice - dreimal
thenproceed - dann weitermachen
sitangrily - wütend sitzen
shed tears - Tränen vergießen
fault - Fehler; Schuld; Fehler, Charakterschwäche, Verfehlung
going away - fortgehend
After a time, when she thinksthat the conciliatory words and actions of her lover have reached theirutmost, she should then embrace him, talking to him with harsh andreproachful words, but at the same time showing a loving desire forcongress.
thinksthat - glauben Sie das
conciliatory - versöhnlich
reached - erreicht; erzielen, greifen (nach), sich erstrecken; eintreffen
theirutmost - ihre meisten
andreproachful - und vorwurfsvoll
forcongress - für den Kongress
When the woman is in her own house, and has quarrelled with her lover,she should go to him and show how angry she is, and leave him.Afterwards the citizen having sent the Vita,[41] the Vidushaka[41] orthe Pithamurda[41] to pacify her, she should accompany them back to thehouse, and spend the night with her lover.
quarrelled - gestritten; sich streiten, zanken
pacify - beschwichtigen; befrieden; friedlich stimmen
accompany - begleiten, geleiten, beiliegen
thehouse - das Haus
Thus end the love quarrels.
In conclusion.
A man, employing the sixty-four means mentioned by Babhravya, obtainshis object, and enjoys the woman of the first quality. Though he mayspeak well on other subjects, if he does not know the sixty-fourdivisions, no great respect is paid to him in the assembly of thelearned. A man, devoid of other knowledge, but well acquainted with thesixty-four divisions, becomes a leader in any society of men and women.
employing - Anstellung; einstellen, anstellen, anwerben, einsetzen
obtainshis - erhalten
fourdivisions - vier Divisionen
devoid - nicht vorhanden; erman: frei (von) ''adj.'': leer
thesixty - die sechzig
leader - Anführer, Anführerin, Leiter, Hauptmann
hat man will not respect the sixty-four parts,[42] considering they arerespected by the learned, by the cunning, and by the courtezans. As thesixty-four parts are respected, are charming, and add to the talent ofwomen, they are called by the Acharyas dear to women. A man skilled inthe sixty-four parts is looked upon with love by his own wife, by thewives of others, and by courtezans.
arerespected - respektiert werden
cunning - gerissen; schlau, clever, süß, niedlich
charming - charmant; (charm); charmant
talent - Talent, Begabung
thewives - die Frauen
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 40: The fresh juice of the cocoa nut tree, the date tree, andother kinds of palm trees are drunk in India. It will not keep freshvery long, but ferments rapidly, and is then distilled into liquor.]
cocoa - Kakao
Nut - Schraubenmutter, Nuß
date tree - Dattelpalme
freshvery - Frischfleisch
ferments - fermentiert; gären, stören, anstacheln, Gärmittel
rapidly - schnell
distilled - destilliert; destillieren
liquor - Schnaps; Spirituose
[Footnote 41: The characteristics of these three individuals have beengiven in Part I. page 31.]
individuals - Einzelpersonen; Individuum
beengiven - gegeben worden
[Footnote 42: A definition of the sixty-four parts, or divisions, isgiven in Chapter II., page 45.]
=END OF PART II.=
ABOUT THE ACQUISITION OF A WIFE.
ON MARRIAGE.
When a girl of the same caste, and a virgin, is married in accordancewith the precepts of Holy Writ, the results of such an union are: theacquisition of Dharma and Artha, offspring, affinity, increase offriends, and untarnished love. For this reason a man should fix hisaffections upon a girl who is of good family, whose parents are alive,and who is three years or more younger than himself. She should be bornof a highly respectable family, possessed of wealth, well connected, andwith many relations and friends.
accordancewith - Übereinstimmung mit
theacquisition - die Akquisition
offspring - Nachkommen; Nachkomme, Nachkommin, Kind, Sohn
untarnished - ungetrübt
hisaffections - seineAuswirkungen
alive - lebendig
highly - am Höchsten, hoch
respectable - respektabel; angesehen, geachtet
andwith - und damit
relations - Beziehungen; Beziehung, Relation, Relation, Verwandter
She should also be beautiful, of a gooddisposition, with lucky marks on her body, and with good hair, nails,teeth, ears, eyes, and breasts, neither more nor less than they ought tobe, and no one of them entirely wanting, and not troubled with a sicklybody. The man should, of course, also possess these qualities himself.But at all events, says Ghotakamukha, a girl who has been already joinedwith others (_i.e._, no longer a maiden) should never be loved, for itwould be reproachable to do such a thing.
gooddisposition - gute Veranlagung
lucky - glücklich
nor - weder noch, auch nicht
troubled - beunruhigt; Ärger, Schwierigkeit, Anstrengung, Bemühung, Mühe
sicklybody - kränkliche Person
joinedwith - verbunden mit
maiden - Jungfrau
itwould - würde es das
reproachable - vorwurfsvoll
Now in order to bring about a marriage with such a girl as describedabove, the parents and relations of the man should exert themselves, asalso such friends on both sides as may be desired to assist in thematter.
bring about - zu Stande bringen, zustande [alt] bringen
describedabove - oben beschrieben
exert - anstrengen; ausüben
assist - assistieren, helfen, beistehen, unterstützen, vorlegen, Vorlage
thematter - das Thema
These friends should bring to the notice of the girl's parents,the faults, both present and future, of all the other men that may wishto marry her, and should at the same time extol even to exaggerationall the excellencies, ancestral, and paternal, of their friend, so as toendear him to them, and particularly to those that may be liked by thegirl's mother. One of the friends should also disguise himself as anastrologer and declare the future good fortune and wealth of his friendby showing the existence of all the lucky omens[43] and signs,[44] thegood influence of planets, the auspicious entrance of the sun into asign of the Zodiac, propitious stars and fortunate marks on his body.Others again should rouse the jealousy of the girl's mother by tellingher that their friend has a chance of getting from some other quartereven a better girl than hers.
notice - Bekanntmachung; Benachrichtigung, Mitteilung, Kündigungsfrist
extol - anpreisen; preisen
exaggerationall - Übertrieben
excellencies - Exzellenzen; Exzellenz
ancestral - Vorfahren
paternal - väterlicherseits
anastrologer - Anastrologe
declare - bekanntmachen, bekanntgeben, deklarieren, ausrufen, aussagen
friendby - Freundschaft
Zodiac - Zodiac, Zodiak, Tierkreis
Propitious - günstig, förderlich, gnädig, vorteilhaft, verheißungsvoll
fortunate - glücklich; günstig, verheißungsvoll
rouse - aufrütteln; wachrufen, wecken
jealousy - Eifersucht, Missgunst, Neid
tellingher - Sie erzählen
chance - riskieren, zufällig geschehen; Chance, Zufall, Gelegenheit
quartereven - geviertelt
A girl should be taken as a wife, as also given in marriage, whenfortune, signs, omens, and the words[45] of others are favourable, for,says Ghotakamukha, a man should not marry at any time he likes. A girlwho is asleep, crying, or gone out of the house when sought in marriage,or who is betrothed to another, should not be married. The followingalso should be avoided:
given in - eingelenkt
whenfortune - Wann haben Sie Glück
omens - Omen
gone out - ausgegangen
betrothed - Verlobter, Verlobte; (betroth); verloben; verloben
followingalso - auch folgen
One who is kept concealed. One who has an ill-sounding name. One who has her nose depressed. One who has her nostril turned up. One who is formed like a male. One who is bent down. One who has crooked thighs. One who has a projecting forehead. One who has a bald head.
ill - krank, siech, übel, schlecht, Übel
depressed - deprimiert; deprimieren
nostril - Nasenloch
crooked - schief; (to crook) sich krümmen
bald head - Kahlkopf
One who does not like purity. One who has been polluted by another. One who is afflicted with the Gulma.[46] One who is disfigured in any way. One who has fully arrived at puberty. One who is a friend. One who is a younger sister. One who is a Varshakari.[47]
purity - Reinheit
Polluted - Verschmutzt; verschmutzen
is afflicted with - laboriert
disfigured - verunstaltet; entstellen, verunstalten
fully - vollständig; völlig
puberty - Pubertät, Geschlechtsreife
In the same way a girl who is called by the name of one of thetwenty-seven stars, or by the name of a tree, or of a river, isconsidered worthless, as also a girl whose name ends in "r" or "l." Butsome authors say that prosperity is gained only by marrying that girl towhom one becomes attached, and that therefore no other girl but the onewho is loved should be married by anyone.
worthless - wertlos, nutzlos, nichtsnutzig
marrying - heiraten, trauen, sich verehelichen
towhom - zu wem
onewho - einewer
When a girl becomes marriageable her parents should dress her smartly,and should place her where she can be easily seen by all. Everyafternoon, having dressed her and decorated her in a becoming manner,they should send her with her female companions to sports, sacrifices,and marriage ceremonies, and thus show her to advantage in society,because she is a kind of merchandise.
marriageable - heiratsfähig
smartly - klug; schlau, elegant
ceremonies - Zeremonien; Zeremonie, feierliche Handlung, Ritual
advantage - Vorteil; Vorzug
merchandise - Waren; Handelsware, Ware; handeln, Handel treiben
They should also receive with kindwords and signs of friendliness those of an auspicious appearance whomay come accompanied by their friends and relations for the purpose ofmarrying their daughter, and under some pretext or other having firstdressed her becomingly, should then present her to them. After this theyshould await the pleasure of fortune, and with this object shouldappoint a future day on which a determination could be come to withregard to their daughter's marriage. On this occasion when the personshave come, the parents of the girl should ask them to bathe and dine,and should say, "Everything will take place at the proper time," andshould not then comply with the request, but should settle the matterlater.
friendliness - Freundlichkeit
ofmarrying - zu heiraten
becomingly - schicklich
shouldappoint - ernennen sollte
determination - Bestimmung; Determination; Bestimmtheit; Feststellung; Entschluss; Unterscheidung
withregard - mitRücksicht
personshave - Personen haben
dine - speisen
andshould - und sollte
comply - einhalten; einwilligen, sich fügen
settle - regeln; abklären
When a girl is thus acquired, either according to the custom of thecountry, or according to his own desire, the man should marry her inaccordance with the precepts of the Holy Writ, according to one of thefour kinds of marriage.
inaccordance - Ungenauigkeit
Thus ends marriage.
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:--
Amusement in society, such as completing verses begun by others,marriages, and auspicious ceremonies should be carried on neither withsuperiors, nor inferiors, but with our equals. That should be known as ahigh connection when a man, after marrying a girl, has to serve her andher relations afterwards like a servant, and such a connection iscensured by the good. On the other hand, that reproachable connection,where a man, together with his relations, lords it over his wife, iscalled a low connection by the wise.
marriages - Eheschließungen; Ehe, Heirat, Ehe, Hochzeit, Heirat
withsuperiors - mit Vorgesetzten
inferiors - Untergebene; untergeordnet, nachgeordnet, unterlegen, tiefer
our equals - unseresgleichen
serve - Angabe; dienen; servieren; aufschlagen, den Aufschlag haben
andher - und sie
iscensured - ist zensiert
lords - Herrschaften; Gebieter, Herr, herrschen
But when both the man and the womanafford mutual pleasure to each other, and when the relatives on bothsides pay respect to one another, such is called a connection in theproper sense of the word. Therefore a man should contract neither a highconnection by which he is obliged to bow down afterwards to his kinsmen,nor a low connection, which is universally reprehended by all.
womanafford - frauenaffin
relatives - vergleichsweise, relativ, Verwandter, Blutsverwandter
bothsides - beide Seiten
obliged - verpflichtet; verpflichten, einen Gefallen tun
kinsmen - Verwandten; Verwandter, Angehöriger, Landsmann
universally - universell
reprehended - getadelt; tadeln; rügen
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 43: The flight of a blue jay on a person's left side isconsidered a lucky omen when one starts on any business; the appearanceof a cat before anyone at such a time is looked on as a bad omen. Thereare many omens of the same kind.]
jay - Eichelhäher; Tölpel
omen - Omen
appearanceof - Erscheinungsbild von
[Footnote 44: Such as the throbbing of the right eye of men and the lefteye of women, etc.]
lefteye - Linke Seite
[Footnote 45: Before anything is begun it is a custom to go early in themorning to a neighbour's house, and overhear the first words that may bespoken in his family, and according as the words heard are of good orbad import, so draw an inference as to the success or failure of theundertaking.]
themorning - Morgen
overhear - mitbekommen; zufällig mit anhören
bespoken - besprechen, diskutieren, mitteilen, vorbestellen, arrangieren
import - importieren; Einfuhr
inference - Schlussfolgern, Schlussfolgerung, Inferenz
failure - Versagen; Misserfolg, Ausfall, Verschlechterung, Misslingen
theundertaking - dasUnternehmen
[Footnote 46: A disease consisting of any glandular enlargement in anypart of the body.]
consisting - zusammensetzend, besteht aus; bestehen (aus)
glandular - drüsig
enlargement - Vergrößerung, Erweiterung
[Footnote 47: A woman, the palms of whose hands and the soles of whosefeet are always perspiring.]
soles - Sohlen; Seezunge, Sohle, einzig
whosefeet - wessen Füße
perspiring - Sie schwitzen; schwitzen
OF CREATING CONFIDENCE IN THE GIRL.
For the first three days after marriage, the girl and her husband shouldsleep on the floor, abstain from sexual pleasures, and eat their foodwithout seasoning it either with alkali or salt. For the next seven daysthey should bathe amidst the sounds of auspicious musical instruments,should decorate themselves, dine together, and pay attention to theirrelations as well as to those who may have come to witness theirmarriage. This is applicable to persons of all castes. On the night ofthe tenth day the man should begin in a lonely place with soft words,and thus create confidence in the girl. Some authors say that for thepurpose of winning her over he should not speak to her for three days,but the followers of Babhravya are of opinion that if the man does notspeak with her for three days, the girl may be discouraged by seeing himspiritless like a pillar, and, becoming dejected, she may begin todespise him as an eunuch. Vatsyayana says that the man should begin towin her over, and to create confidence in her, but should abstain atfirst from sexual pleasures.
shouldsleep - Schlafen sollen
abstain - verzichten; sich enthalten; abhalten
foodwithout - Essen ohne
seasoning - würzen; Würze; (season) würzen; Würze
Alkali - Alkali
daysthey - Tag sie
amidst - inmitten von
decorate - ausschmücken, dekorieren, renovieren, o paper
attention - Aufmerksamkeit, Beachtung, Wachsamkeit, Achtung, Habachtstellung
theirrelations - ihre Beziehungen
witness - etw. miterleben;erleben, bezeugen, Zeuge sein bei; miterleben
theirmarriage - ihreEhe
applicable - anwendbar
place with - vergeben
thepurpose - der Zweck
notspeak - nicht sprechen
discouraged - entmutigt; entmutigen, abschrecken, abraten, abraten von
himspiritless - Er ist geistlos
Women being of a tender nature, want tenderbeginnings, and when they are forcibly approached by men with whom theyare but slightly acquainted, they sometimes suddenly become haters ofsexual connection, and sometimes even haters of the male sex. The manshould therefore approach the girl according to her liking, and shouldmake use of those devices by which he may be able to establish himselfmore and more into her confidence. These devices are as follows:--
tenderbeginnings - zarte Anfänge
approached - angesprochen; sich nähern, nahekommen, ähnlich sein
suddenly - plötzlich, urplötzlich
haters - Hasser, Hasserin
sex - Alter, Geschlecht, Wohnort?, Geschlecht
shouldmake - machen sollte
devices - Geräte; Gerät
establish - feststellen, etablieren, eröffnen, gründen, niederlassen
himselfmore - selbst mehr
He should embrace her first of all in a way she likes most, because itdoes not last for a long time.
itdoes - es tut
He should embrace her with the upper part of his body because that iseasier and simpler. If the girl is grown up, or if the man has knownher for some time, he may embrace her by the light of a lamp, but if heis not well acquainted with her, or if she is a young girl, he shouldthen embrace her in darkness.
iseasier - ist einfacher
simpler - einfacher; (simple); einfach, simpel
knownher - Sie kennen
shouldthen - dann
darkness - Dunkelheit, Finsternis
When the girl accepts the embrace, the man should put a "tambula" orscrew of betel nut and betel leaves in her mouth, and if she will nottake it, he should induce her to do so by conciliatory words,entreaties, oaths, and kneeling at her feet, for it is an universal rulethat however bashful or angry a woman may be, she never disregards a mankneeling at her feet. At the time of giving this "tambula" he shouldkiss her mouth softly and gracefully without making any sound. When sheis gained over in this respect he should then make her talk, and so thatshe may be induced to talk he should ask her questions about things ofwhich he knows or pretends to know nothing, and which can be answered ina few words. If she does not speak to him, he should not frighten her,but should ask her the same thing again and again in a conciliatorymanner. If she does not then speak he should urge her to give a reply,because as Ghotakamukha says, "all girls hear everything said to them bymen, but do not themselves sometimes say a single word." When she isthus importuned, the girl should give replies by shakes of the head, butif she quarrelled with the man she should not even do that. When she isasked by the man whether she wishes for him, and whether she likes him,she should remain silent for a long time, and when at last importuned toreply, should give him a favourable answer by a nod of the head.
accepts - annimmt; annehmen, abnehmen, akzeptieren, aufnehmen
orscrew - oder schrauben
nottake - nicht nehmen
induce - einleiten; dazu bringen, anstacheln, bewirken, verursachen
entreaties - Bitten; Flehen
oaths - Eide; Eid, Schwur, Eid, Fluch, erman:
kneeling - kniend, hinkniend; (kneel); knien
disregards - nicht beachtet; Gleichgültigkeit, Nichtbeachten
gracefully - anmutig
thatshe - Das ist sie
ofwhich - wovon
pretends - so tut als ob; vorgeben, prätendieren, vortäuschen, so tun
conciliatorymanner - Schlichtungsmanier
urge - Drang; drängen, mahnen, treiben, anspornen, provozieren
bymen - von Männern
importuned - aufgedrängt; bedrängen, belästigen
replies - antworten, erwidern, Antwort, Entgegnung, Antwort
butif - aber wenn
isasked - gefragt wird
remain - Überrest (2); Überreste (3); sterbliche Überreste (3); bleiben
silent - still
nod - nicken; einnicken; Kopfnicken
If theman is previously acquainted with the girl he should converse with herby means of a female friend, who may be favourable to him, and in theconfidence of both, and carry on the conversation on both sides. On suchan occasion the girl should smile with her head bent down, and if thefemale friend say more on her part than she was desired to do, sheshould chide her and dispute with her. The female friend should say injest even what she is not desired to say by the girl, and add, "she saysso," on which the girl should say indistinctly and prettily, "O no! Idid not say so," and she should then smile and throw an occasionalglance towards the man.
theconfidence - das Selbstvertrauen
smile - Lächeln
injest - injizieren
saysso - sagt
indistinctly - undeutlich
prettily - hübsche, nett
throw - Wurf; werfen (du wirfst, er wirft), ich/er/sie würfe
occasionalglance - gelegentlicher Blick
If the girl is familiar with the man, she should place near him,without saying anything, the tambula, the ointment, or the garland thathe may have asked for, or she may tie them up in his upper garment.While she is engaged in this, the man should touch her young breasts inthe sounding way of pressing with the nails, and if she prevents himdoing this he should say to her, "I will not do it again if you willembrace me," and should in this way cause her to embrace him. While heis being embraced by her he should pass his hand repeatedly over andabout her body.
familiar - vertraut; bekannt
thathe - dass er
tie - Unentschieden; zusammenbinden
prevents - verhindert; verhindern, vorbeugen
himdoing - was er tut
embraced - umarmt; umarmen, annehmen, umarmen, Umarmung
andabout - und so weiter
By and bye he should place her in his lap, and try moreand more to gain her consent, and if she will not yield to him he shouldfrighten her by saying, "I shall impress marks of my teeth and nails onyour lips and breasts, and then make similar marks on my own body, andshall tell my friends that you did them. What will you say then?" Inthis and other ways, as fear and confidence are created in the minds ofchildren, so should the man gain her over to his wishes.
moreand - mehrund
yield - Ertrag; hervorbringen, er/sie hat/hatte ergeben, weichen
shouldfrighten - erschrecken sollte
impress - beeindrucken; prägen
onyour - bei Ihnen
andshall - undsoll
fear - fürchten, befürchten, Angst haben; Furcht, Schreck, Befürchtung
minds - Köpfe; Verstand, t+Geist, t+Sinn, Bewusstsein
ofchildren - der Kinder
On the second and third nights, after her confidence has increased stillmore, he should feel the whole of her body with his hands, and kiss herall over; he should also place his hands upon her thighs and shampoothem, and if he succeed in this he should then shampoo the joints of herthighs. If she tries to prevent him doing this he should say to her,"What harm is there in doing it?" and should persuade her to let him doit. After gaining this point he should touch her private parts, shouldloosen her girdle and the knot of her dress, and turning up her lowergarment should shampoo the joints of her naked thighs. Under variouspretences he should do all these things, but he should not at that timebegin actual congress.
stillmore - noch mehr
Succeed - Erfolgreich; nachfolgen; gelingen, geraten
shampoo - Shampoo, Schampu, Schampon, Schampun
herthighs - Oberschenkel
prevent - verhindern, vorbeugen, etwas daran hindern (zu geschehen)
persuade - überreden, gewinnen, verführen, bestechen
doit - tun
shouldloosen - lockern sollte
girdle - Gürtel, Hüfthalter
turning up - aufbindend
lowergarment - Unterwäsche
naked - nackt, kahl, bloß
variouspretences - verschiedene Präferenzen
timebegin - Beginn der Zeit
actual - tatsächlich, konkret, gegenwärtig, aktuell
After this he should teach her the sixty-fourarts, should tell her how much he loves her, and describe to her thehopes which he formerly entertained regarding her. He should alsopromise to be faithful to her in future, and should dispel all her fearswith respect to rival women, and, at last, after having overcome herbashfulness, he should begin to enjoy her in a way so as not to frightenher. So much about creating confidence in the girl; and there are,moreover, some verses on the subject as follows:--
thehopes - die Hoffnungen
entertained - unterhalten
alsopromise - ebenfalls versprechen
faithful - treu
dispel - zerstreuen
fearswith - Angst mit
herbashfulness - Herbaschaftigkeit
frightenher - ängstlicher
A man acting according to the inclinations of a girl should try and gainher over so that she may love him and place her confidence in him. Aman does not succeed either by implicitly following the inclination of agirl, or by wholly opposing her, and he should therefore adopt a middlecourse. he who knows how to make himself beloved by women, as well as toincrease their honour and create confidence in them, this man becomes anobject of their love. But he, who neglects a girl thinking she is toobashful, is despised by her as a beast ignorant of the working of thefemale mind.
inclinations - Neigungen; Neigung, Neigung
implicitly - stillschweigend
opposing - gegen; ablehnen, widersprechen
adopt - adoptieren; annehmen, übernehmen
middlecourse - Mittelweg
he who - derjenige
toincrease - zu erhöhen
anobject - einObjekt
neglects - vernachlässigt; vernachlässigen, verabsäumen, versäumen
toobashful - zu übereifrig
beast - Tier, Bestie, Unmensch, Biest
Moreover, a girl forcibly enjoyed by one who does notunderstand the hearts of girls becomes nervous, uneasy, and dejected,and suddenly begins to hate the man who has taken advantage of her; andthen, when her love is not understood or returned, she sinks intodespondency, and becomes either a hater of mankind altogether, or,hating her own man, she has recourse to other men.[48]
notunderstand - nicht verstehen
nervous - nervös
uneasy - Unbehagen; besorgt, unangenehm, unsicher
sinks - Spülen; sinken, senken, senken, versenken, Spüle, Spülbecken
hater - Hasser, Hasserin
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 48: These last few lines have been exemplified in many ways inmany novels of this century.]
exemplified - veranschaulicht; exemplifizieren, veranschaulichen
inmany - in vielen
novels - Romane; Roman, originell
ON COURTSHIP, AND THE MANIFESTATION OF THE FEELINGS BY OUTWARD SIGNS ANDDEEDS.
manifestation - Manifestation, Erscheinung
A poor man possessed of good qualities, a man born of a low familypossessed of mediocre qualities, a neighbour possessed of wealth, andone under the control of his father, mother or brothers, should notmarry without endeavouring to gain over the girl from her childhood tolove and esteem them. Thus a boy separated from his parents, and livingin the house of his uncle, should try to gain over the daughter of hisuncle, or some other girl, even though she be previously betrothed toanother.
poor man - Armer
familypossessed - familienbesessen
mediocre - mittelmäßig; Mittelmäßige
endeavouring - anstreben; sich nach Kräften bemühen; Bestrebung
esteem - Achtung, Ansehen, Wertschätzung, schätzen
livingin - leben
hisuncle - sein Onkel
toanother - zueinemanderen
And this way of gaining over a girl, says Ghotakamukha, isunexceptional, because Dharma can be accomplished by means of it, aswell as by any other way of marriage.
isunexceptional - ist ausnahmslos
accomplished - vollendet; vollenden, vollenden, vollenden, vollenden
aswell - auch
When a boy has thus begun to woo the girl he loves, he should spend histime with her and amuse her with various games and diversions fitted fortheir age and acquaintanceship, such as picking and collecting flowers,making garlands of flowers, playing the parts of members of a fictitiousfamily, cooking food, playing with dice, playing with cards, the game ofodd and even, the game of finding out the middle finger, the game of sixpebbles, and such other games as may be prevalent in the country, andagreeable to the disposition of the girl. In addition to this, he shouldcarry on various amusing games played by several persons together, suchas hide and seek, playing with seeds, hiding things in several smallheaps of wheat and looking for them, blind-man's buff, gymnasticexercises, and other games of the same sort, in company with the girl,her friends and female attendants.
woo - umwerben, werben, locken
amuse - amüsieren, vergnügen, belustigen, erheitern
fitted - angepasst; (to be fit) in Form sein
fortheir - für ihre
acquaintanceship - Bekanntschaft
picking - Kommissionierung; pflücken; (pic) Kommissionierung; pflücken
collecting - Sammeln; (collect); Sammeln
fictitiousfamily - fiktive familie
finding out - herausfindend
middle finger - Mittelfinger
andagreeable - und zustimmungsfähig
shouldcarry - tragen sollte
hide and seek - Versteckspiel
seeds - säen; Saatgut, Same, Saat, Samen
hiding - (to hide) verstecken, verbergen
wheat - Weizen; weizenfarben
blind-man - (blind-man) Blinde {m,f}
Buff - starkes Leder, lederfarben, Lederfarbe; abrauen, abrauhen
gymnasticexercises - Gymnastikübungen
attendants - Betreuer; Begleiter, Wächter, Aufpasser, Aufseher, Wärter
The man should also show greatkindness to any woman whom the girl thinks fit to be trusted, and shouldalso make new acquaintances, but above all he should attach to himselfby kindness and little services the daughter of the girl's nurse, forif she be gained over, even though she comes to know of his design, shedoes not cause any obstruction, but is sometimes even able to effect anunion between him and the girl. And though she knows the true characterof the man, she always talks of his many excellent qualities to theparents and relations of the girl, even though she may not be desired todo so by him.
greatkindness - Großzügigkeit
shouldalso - sollte auch
acquaintances - Bekanntschaft, Umgang, Bekannter, Bekannte
attach - befestigen; anbringen
himselfby - selbst
services - Dienstleistungen; warten; Bedienung, Dienstleistung, Betrieb
shedoes - Sie tut es
obstruction - Hindernis; Obstruktion, Verhinderung, Blockierung, Störung
excellent - ausgezeichnet, hervorragend, großartig
theparents - die Eltern
todo - zu tun
In this way the man should do whatever the girl takes most delight in,and he should get for her whatever she may have a desire to possess.Thus he should procure for her such playthings as may be hardly known toother girls. He may also show her a ball dyed with various colours, andother curiosities of the same sort; and should give her dolls made ofcloth, wood, buffalo-horn, ivory, wax, flour, or earth; also utensilsfor cooking food, and figures in wood, such as a man and woman standing,a pair of rams, or goats, or sheep; also temples made of earth, bamboo,or wood, dedicated to various goddesses; and cages for parrots, cuckoos,starlings, quails, cocks, and partridges; water-vessels of differentsorts and of elegant forms, machines for throwing water about, guitars,stands for putting images upon, stools, lac, red arsenic, yellowointment, vermilion and collyrium, as well as sandal-wood, saffron,betel nut and betel leaves.
delight in - sich freuen an
procure - beschaffen, erwerben, besorgen, aufbringen
playthings - Spielzeuge; Spielzeug
hardly - hart, rau, kaum
toother - andere
dyed - gefärbt; färben (Haar, Stoff)
curiosities - Kuriositäten; Neugier, Neugierde, Kuriosität, Kuriosum
dolls - Puppen; Puppe
ofcloth - von Stoffen
buffalo - Büffel, Wisent, Bison, Büffel
horn - Horn; Waldhorn; Jagdhorn; Hupe, Trichter, Blech, Muschel
ivory - Elfenbein, Elfenbeinfarbe, elfenbeinern, Elfenbein-
wax - das Wachs
flour - Mehl; bemehlen
earth - Erde, Land, Grund
utensilsfor - Utensilien für
dedicated - engagiert; widmen, widmen, sich widmen, widmen
goddesses - Göttinnen; Göttin, weibliche Gottheit, weiblicher Gott
cuckoos - Kuckucke; Kuckuck
vessels - Schiffe; Schiff, Boot
differentsorts - verschiedene Arten
stools - Stuhl, Kot, Hocker
arsenic - Arsen
yellowointment - Gelbfärbung
vermilion - Zinnoberrot; Zinnober
saffron - Safran; Safranfarbe, Safrangelb, safranfarbig
Such things should be given at differenttimes whenever he gets a good opportunity of meeting her, and some ofthem should be given in private, and some in public, according tocircumstances. In short, he should try in every way to make her lookupon him as one who would do for her everything that she wanted to bedone.
differenttimes - verschiedene Zeiten
whenever - wann auch immer
opportunity - Gelegenheit, Chance, Möglichkeit
tocircumstances - zu den Umständen
lookupon - Nachschlagen
In the next place he should get her to meet him in some place privately,and should then tell her that the reason of his giving presents to herin secret was the fear that the parents of both of them might bedispleased, and then he may add that the things which he had given herhad been much desired by other people. When her love begins to showsigns of increasing he should relate to her agreeable stories if sheexpresses a wish to hear such narratives. Or if she takes delight inlegerdemain, he should amaze her by performing various tricks ofjugglery; or if she feels a great curiosity to see a performance of thevarious arts, he should show his own skill in them.
some place - irgendwo
privately - privat
bedispleased - unzufrieden sein
showsigns - Schilder
sheexpresses - Sie drückt sich aus
narratives - Erzählungen; erzählend, erzählerisch
delight - Freude, Entzückung, Wohlgefallen, Lust
amaze - verblüffen; verwundern
tricks - List, Falle, Finte, Trick, Trick, Kunststück
ofjugglery - der Gaukelei
When she isdelighted with singing he should entertain her with music, and oncertain days, and at the time of going together to moonlight fairs andfestivals, and at the time of her return after being absent from home,he should present her with bouquets of flowers, and with chaplets forthe head, and with ear ornaments and rings, for these are the properoccasions on which such things should be presented.
entertain - unterhalten
oncertain - unsicher
going together - zusammengehend [alt], zusammen gehend
fairs - gerecht, fair, heiter, schön, angemessen
andfestivals - und Feste
being absent - fehlend
bouquets - Sträuße; Blumenstrauß, Bouquet
rings - Ringe; Ring, Kreis
properoccasions - Eigenverantwortung
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:--
A man, who has seen and perceived the feelings of the girl towards him,and who has noticed the outward signs and movements by which thosefeelings are expressed, should do everything in his power to effect anunion with her. He should gain over a young girl by childlike sports, adamsel come of age by his skill in the arts, and a girl that loves himby having recourse to persons in whom she confides.
perceived - wahrgenommen; wahrnehmen
noticed - bemerkt; Bekanntmachung, Benachrichtigung, Mitteilung
movements - Bewegungen; Bewegung, Bewegung, Satz
thosefeelings - dieseGefühle
childlike - kindlich
himby - ihn
confides - anvertraut; vertrauen, einweihen, ins Vertrauen ziehen
ABOUT THINGS TO BE DONE ONLY BY THE MAN, AND THE ACQUISITION OF THE GIRLTHEREBY. ALSO WHAT IS TO BE DONE BY A GIRL TO GAIN OVER A MAN, ANDSUBJECT HIM TO HER.
Now when the girl begins to show her love by outward signs and motions,as described in the last chapter, the lover should try to gain her overentirely by various ways and means, such as the following:--
motions - Bewegungen; Bewegung
overentirely - übermäßig
When engaged with her in any game or sport he should intentionally holdher hand. He should practise upon her the various kinds of embraces,such as the touching embrace, and others already described in apreceeding chapter (Part II. Chapter 2). He should show her a pair ofhuman beings cut out of the leaf of a tree, and such like things, atintervals. When engaged in water sports, he should dive at a distancefrom her, and come up close to her. He should show an increased likingfor the new foliage of trees and such like things. He should describe toher the pangs he suffers on her account. He should relate to her thebeautiful dream that he has had with reference to other women.
apreceeding - vorgehen
ofhuman - vonMenschen
atintervals - bei Intervallen
dive - tauchen
distancefrom - Entfernung von
likingfor - mögen
pangs - Schmerzen; Stechen, Schmerz
on her account - ihrethalben
dream - Traum, Wunsch, träumen, wünschen
Atparties and assemblies of his caste he should sit near her, and touchher under some pretence or other, and having placed his foot upon her's,he should slowly touch each of her toes, and press the ends of thenails; if successful in this, he should get hold of her foot with hishand and repeat the same thing. He should also press a finger of herhand between his toes when she happens to be washing his feet; andwhenever he gives anything to her or takes anything from her, he shouldshow her by his manner and look how much he loves her.
assemblies - Versammlungen; Baugruppe, Versammlung, Versammlung
toes - Zehen; Zeh, Zehe, Zeh, Zehe, Spur, Vorspur (5)
successful - erfolgreich
hishand - die Hand
herhand - von Hand
andwhenever - und wann immer
shouldshow - zeigen sollte
He should sprinkle upon her the water brought for rinsing his mouth; andwhen alone with her in a lonely place, or in darkness, he should makelove to her, and tell her the true state of his mind without distressingher in any way.
sprinkle - bestreuen; sprühen; besprühen; Nieselregen
rinsing - Spülung; (rins) Spülung
andwhen - und wann
distressingher - Sie zu quälen
Whenever he sits with her on the same seat or bed he should say to her,"I have something to tell you in private," and then, when she comes tohear it in a quiet place, he should express his love to her more bymanner and signs than by words. When he comes to know the state of herfeelings towards him he should pretend to be ill, and should make hercome to his house to speak to him. There he should intentionally holdher hand and place it on his eyes and forehead, and under the pretenceof preparing some medicine for him he should ask her to do work for hissake in the following words: "This work must be done by you, and bynobody else." When she wants to go away he should let her go, with anearnest request to come and see him again.
tohear - zu hören
express - bekunden, Eilzug, Schnellzug, ausdrücklich; ausdrücken, äußern
herfeelings - ihreGefühle
hercome - Sie kommen
pretenceof - so tun, als ob
hissake - um seinetwillen
bynobody - von niemanden
This device of illness shouldbe continued for three days and three nights. After this, when shebegins coming to see him frequently, he should carry on longconversations with her, for, says Ghotakamukha, "though a man loves agirl ever so much, he never succeeds in winning her without a great dealof talking." At last, when the man finds the girl completely gainedover, he may then begin to enjoy her. As for the saying that women growless timid than usual during the evening, and in darkness, and aredesirous of congress at those times, and do not oppose men then andshould only be enjoyed at these hours, it is a matter of talk only.
device - Gerät, Apparat, Einheit, Instrument
illness - Krankheit
continued - fortgesetzt; fortsetzen, weiterhin
shebegins - sie beginnt
longconversations - lange Unterhaltungen
ever so much - recht viel
succeeds - erfolgreich ist; nachfolgen, gelingen, geraten, nachfolgen
completely - vollständig, völlig, ganz, vollumfänglich
gainedover - gewonnen
growless - wachstumslos
timid - furchtsam, zaghaft, zögerlich, schüchtern
oppose - ablehnen; widersprechen
When it is impossible for the man to carry on his endeavours alone, heshould, by means of the daughter of her nurse, or of a female friend inwhom she confides, cause the girl to be brought to him without makingknown to her his design, and he should then proceed with her in themanner above described. Or he should in the beginning send his ownfemale servant to live with the girl as her friend, and should then gainher over by her means.
endeavours - Bestrebungen; sich nach Kräften bemühen; Bestrebung
inwhom - inwieweit
makingknown - bekannt machen
ownfemale - eigene Frau
At last, when he knows the state of her feelings by her outward mannerand conduct towards him at religious ceremonies, marriage ceremonies,fairs, festivals, theatres, public assemblies, and such like occasions,he should begin to enjoy her when she is alone, for Vatsyayana lays itdown, that women, when resorted to at proper times and in properplaces, do not turn away from their lovers.
lays - liegt; richten (Tisch)
When a girl, possessed of good qualities and well-bred, though born in ahumble family, or destitute of wealth, and not therefore desired by herequals, or an orphan girl, or one deprived of her parents, but observingthe rules of her family and caste, should wish to bring about her ownmarriage when she comes of age, such a girl should endeavour to gainover a strong and good looking young man, or a person whom she thinkswould marry her on account of the weakness of his mind, and even withoutthe consent of his parents. She should do this by such means as wouldendear her to the said person, as well as by frequently seeing andmeeting him.
bred - gezüchtet; (breed) Zucht, Art, Rasse, Sorte; (breed); aufziehen
destitute - notleidend
orphan - Waisenkind; Waise
deprived of - beraubt
observingthe - Beobachtung der
ownmarriage - selbst heiraten
endeavour - sich nach Kräften bemühen; Bestrebung, Bestreben; Bemühung
gainover - Verstärkung
thinkswould - denkt, würde
withoutthe - ohne die
wouldendear - würden Sie
andmeeting - undTreffen
Her mother also should constantly cause them to meet bymeans of her female friends, and the daughter of her nurse. The girlherself should try to get alone with her beloved in some quiet place,and at odd times should give him flowers, betel nut, betel leaves andperfumes. She should also show her skill in the practice of the arts, inshampooing, in scratching and in pressing with the nails. She shouldalso talk to him on the subjects he likes best, and discuss with him theways and means of gaining over and winning the affections of a girl.
constantly - ständig; regelmäßig; konstant
female friends - Freundinnen
odd - einzeln; seltsam, merkwürdig, komisch, ungerade
andperfumes - und Dämpfe
inshampooing - inshampoonieren
affections - Zuneigung, Rührung, Zuneigung
But old authors say that although the girl loves the man ever so much,she should not offer herself, or make the first overtures, for a girlwho does this loses her dignity, and is liable to be scorned andrejected. But when the man shows his wish to enjoy her, she should befavourable to him and should show no change in her demeanour when heembraces her, and should receive all the manifestations of his love asif she were ignorant of the state of his mind. But when he tries to kissher she should oppose him; when he begs to be allowed to have sexualintercourse with her she should let him touch her private parts only andwith considerable difficulty; and though importuned by him, she shouldnot yield herself up to him as if of her own accord, but should resistshis attempts to have her.
overtures - Ouvertüren; Angebot
dignity - Würde; Förmlichkeit; Amt
liable - haftbar; fehlbar
scorned - verschmäht; verachten, verschmähen, verspotten, Verachtung
andrejected - und abgelehnt
befavourable - vorteilhaft
demeanour - Auftreten; Benehmen, Verhalten
heembraces - umarmen
kissher - Küsser
begs - bittet; Männchen machen; etwas erbitten (von jemandem); bitten (um)
considerable - erheblich, beträchtlich, beachtlich
resistshis - widerstehen
attempts - versuchen, Versuch, Bestreben
It is only, moreover, when she is certain thatshe is truly loved, and that her lover is indeed devoted to her, andwill not change his mind, that she should then give herself up to him,and persuade him to marry her quickly. After losing her virginity sheshould tell her confidential friends about it.
truly - wirklich, wahrhaft, ehrlich, echt
indeed - tatsächlich; in der Tat, genau, allerdings, checkgewiss
andwill - und wird
virginity - Jungfräulichkeit, Virginität
Here ends the efforts of a girl to gain over a man.
There are also some verses on the subject as follows: A girl who is muchsought after should marry the man that she likes, and whom she thinkswould be obedient to her, and capable of giving her pleasure. But whenfrom the desire of wealth a girl is married by her parents to a rich manwithout taking into consideration the character or looks of thebridegroom, or when given to a man who has several wives, she neverbecomes attached to the man, even though he be endowed with goodqualities, obedient to her will, active, strong, and healthy, andanxious to please her in every way.[49] A husband who is obedient butyet master of himself, though he be poor and not good looking, is betterthan one who is common to many women, even though he be handsome andattractive.
muchsought - begehrt
obedient - gehorsam, folgsam
whenfrom - von wann
manwithout - Mann ohne
neverbecomes - wird nie
andanxious - und ängstlich
butyet - aber jetzt
Master - Haupt.., Grund, Meister, führend, leitend; bewältigen, meistern
handsome - gut aussehend; hübsch, stattlich, gutaussehend, ansehnlich
andattractive - und anziehend
The wives of rich men, where there are many wives, are notgenerally attached to their husbands, and are not confidential withthem, and even though they possess all the external enjoyments of life,still have recourse to other men. A man who is of a low mind, who hasfallen from his social position, and who is much given to travelling,does not deserve to be married; neither does one who has many wives andchildren, or one who is devoted to sport and gambling, and who comes tohis wife only when he likes. Of all the lovers of a girl he only is hertrue husband who possesses the qualities that are liked by her, and sucha husband only enjoys real superiority over her, because he is thehusband of love.
notgenerally - im Allgemeinen nicht
withthem - mit ihnen
enjoyments - Genuss, Vergnügen
hasfallen - gefallen ist
andchildren - undKinder
tohis - zu seinem
hertrue - Stimmt das
possesses - besitzt; Schutzpolizeiaufgebote
superiority - Überlegenheit
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 49: There is a good deal of truth in the last fewobservations. Woman is a monogamous animal, and loves but one, and likesto feel herself alone in the affections of one man, and cannot bearrivals. It may also be taken as a general rule that women either marriedto, or kept by, rich men love them for their wealth, but not forthemselves.]
fewobservations - wenige Beobachtungen
monogamous - monogam
likesto - magst du
bearrivals - Rivalen der Bären
marriedto - verheiratet
forthemselves - für sich selbst
ON CERTAIN FORMS OF MARRIAGE[50]
When a girl cannot meet her lover frequently in private, she should sendthe daughter of her nurse to him, it being understood that she hasconfidence in her, and had previously gained her over to her interests.On seeing the man, the daughter of the nurse should, in the course ofconversation, describe to him the noble birth, the good disposition, thebeauty, talent, skill, knowledge of human nature and affection of thegirl in such a way as not to let him suppose that she has been sent bythe girl, and should thus create affection for the girl in the heart ofthe man. To the girl also she should speak about the excellent qualitiesof the man, especially of those qualities which she knows are pleasingto the girl. She should, moreover, speak with disparagement of the otherlovers of the girl, and talk about the avarice and indiscretion of theirparents, and the fickleness of their relations. She should also quotesamples of many girls of ancient times, such as Sakuntala and others,who, having united themselves with lovers of their own caste and theirown choice, were ever happy afterwards in their society.
sendthe - senden die
hasconfidence - Selbstvertrauen hat
ofconversation - der Konversation
human - menschlich
affection - Zuneigung; Rührung
suppose - annehmen, vermuten, vermeinen
pleasingto - gefällig
disparagement - Verunglimpfung, Herabsetzung, Herabwürdigung
otherlovers - andere Liebhaber
avarice - Geiz; Gier
indiscretion - Indiskretion
theirparents - ihre Eltern
fickleness - Wankelmütigkeit; Unbeständigkeit, Wankelmut
quotesamples - Zitate-Beispiele
choice - Wahl; Auswahl; erlesen
And she shouldalso tell of other girls who married into great families, and beingtroubled by rival wives, became wretched and miserable, and were finallyabandoned. She should further speak of the good fortune, the continualhappiness, the chastity, obedience, and affection of the man, and if thegirl gets amorous about him, she should endeavour to allay her shame[51]and her fear as well as her suspicions about any disaster that mightresult from the marriage. In a word, she should act the whole part of afemale messenger by telling the girl all about the man's affection forher, the places he frequented, and the endeavours he made to meet her,and by frequently repeating, "It will be all right if the man will takeyou away forcibly and unexpectedly."
beingtroubled - beunruhigt
wretched - unglücklich; sehr schlecht, miserabel, wertlos
miserable - unglücklich; elend, erbärmlich, jämmerlich, miserabel
finallyabandoned - endgültig aufgegeben
continualhappiness - Dauerhaftes Glücklichsein
allay - beschwichtigen; beruhigen, dämpfen, erleichtern, lindern
suspicions - Verdächtigungen; Verdacht, Argwohn, Verdacht, Verdacht, Argwohn
disaster - Katastrophe; Desaster
mightresult - ergeben könnte
frequented - frequentiert; häufig; aufsuchen
takeyou - Sie nehmen
unexpectedly - unerwartet, unerwarteterweise
_The Forms of Marriage._
When the girl is gained over, and acts openly with the man as his wife,he should cause fire to be brought from the house of a Brahman, andhaving spread the Kusha grass upon the ground, and offered an oblationto the fire he should marry her according to the precepts of thereligious law.
openly - offen, öffentlich
spread - verteilen; spreizen; ausstreuen, verbreiten, auftragen
grass - Gras; Rasen; Spitzel; verpfeifen
offered - angeboten; offerieren, anbieten, bieten, zeigen; Antrag
oblationto - Opfergabe zu
thereligious - thereligiös
After this he should inform his parents of the fact,because it is the opinion of ancient authors that a marriage solemnlycontracted in the presence of fire cannot afterwards be set aside.
inform - benachrichtigen, mitteilen, informieren
solemnlycontracted - feierlich vertraglich vereinbart
After the consummation of the marriage, the relations of the man shouldgradually be made acquainted with the affair, and the relations of thegirl should also be apprised of it in such a way that they may consentto the marriage, and overlook the manner in which it was brought about,and when this is done they should afterwards be reconciled byaffectionate presents and favourable conduct.
consummation - Vollendung
shouldgradually - sollte schrittweise
affair - Angelegenheit; Scharmützel; Ding; Beziehung, Affäre
apprised - benachrichtigt; benachrichtigen
consentto - zustimmen
overlook - Übersicht, Überblick, bemerken
byaffectionate - von Affektiertheit
In this manner the manshould marry the girl according to the Gandharva form of marriage.
When the girl cannot make up her mind, or will not express her readinessto marry, the man should obtain her in any one of the following ways:--
readinessto - bereit
(1). On a fitting occasion, and under some excuse, he should by means ofa female friend with whom he is well acquainted, and whom he can trust,and who also is well known to the girl's family, get the girl broughtunexpectedly to his house, and he should then bring fire from the houseof a Brahman, and proceed as before described.
Excuse - Wie bitte; entschuldigen, verzeihen, sich entschuldigen
trust - Vertrauen, Hoffnung, Trust, anschreiben
broughtunexpectedly - Unerwartet gebracht
as before - wie bisher, wie zuvor, wie vorher
(2.) When the marriage of the girl with some other person draws near,the man should disparage the future husband to the utmost in the mind ofthe mother of the girl, and then having got the girl to come with hermother's consent to a neighbouring house, he should bring fire from thehouse of a Brahman, and proceed as above.
disparage - verunglimpfen; nicht standesgemäße Ehe, Missheirat, herabsetzen
utmost - äußerst, höchst, Äußerstes, Möglichstes
hermother - Einsiedlermutter
(3.) The man should become a great friend of the brother of the girl,the said brother being of the same age as himself, and addicted tocourtesans, and to intrigues with the wives of other people, and shouldgive him assistance in such matters, and also give him occasionalpresents. He should then tell him about his great love for his sister,as young men will sacrifice even their lives for the sake of those whomay be of the same age, habits, and dispositions as themselves.
addicted - Süchtiger, Narkomane, süchtig machen
intrigues - Intrigen; Intrige, intrigieren, faszinieren
shouldgive - geben sollte
occasionalpresents - Gelegenheitsauftritte
sacrifice - opfern; Opfer
habits - Gewohnheiten; Gepflogenheit, Angewohnheit
dispositions - Veranlagungen; Neigung, Gesinnung, Hang, Veranlagung
Afterthis the man should get the girl brought by means of her brother to somesecure place, and having brought fire from the house of a Brahman,should proceed as before.
somesecure - etwas sicher
(4.) The man should on the occasion of festivals get the daughter of thenurse to give the girl some intoxicating substance, and then cause herto be brought to some secure place under the pretence of some business,and there having enjoyed her before she recovers from her intoxication,should bring fire from the house of a Brahman, and proceed as before.
thenurse - dann Kurs
intoxicating - berauschend; berauschen, vergiften, berauschen
secure - sicher, geschützt, beschützt, zuverlässig
recovers - erholt sich; wiederfinden, sich erholen, beikommen
intoxication - Rauschzustände; Vergiftung, Intoxikation, Trunkenheit, Rausch
(5.) The man should, with the connivance of the daughter of the nurse,carry off the girl from her house while she is asleep, and then, havingenjoyed her before she recovers from her sleep, should bring fire fromthe house of a Brahman, and proceed as before.
connivance - Duldung; heimliches Einverständnis
carry off - abtragen, verschleppen
havingenjoyed - genossen haben
(6.) When the girl goes to a garden, or to some village in theneighbourhood, the man should, with his friends, fall on her guards, andhaving killed them, or frightened them away, forcibly carry her off, andproceed as before.
theneighbourhood - dieNachbarschaft
guards - Wächter, Parierstange, Schutz, schützen, bewachen
frightened - verängstigt; Angst machen, erschrecken, schrecken, beängstigen
andproceed - und weitermachen
There are verses on the subject as follows:--In all the forms ofmarriage given in this chapter of this work, the one that precedes isbetter than the one that follows it, on account of its being more inaccordance with the commands of religion, and therefore it is only whenit is impossible to carry the former into practice that the lattershould be resorted to.
ofmarriage - der Ehe
precedes - vorausgeht; vorangehen, vorausgehen
isbetter - ist besser
commands - Befehl, Kommando
whenit - wann ist es
lattershould - Letzteres sollte
As the fruit of all good marriages is love, theGandharva[52] form of marriage is respected, even though it is formedunder unfavourable circumstances, because it fulfils the object soughtfor. Another cause of the respect accorded to the Gandharva form ofmarriage is, that it brings forth happiness, causes less trouble in itsperformance than any other forms of marriage, and is above all theresult of previous love.
formedunder - formunder
unfavourable - ungünstig
fulfils - erfüllt; erfüllen, ableisten, anfüllen, gerecht werden
soughtfor - gesucht
accorded - zugestanden; Übereinstimmung, Einvernehmen
itsperformance - seine Leistung
theresult - das Ergebnis
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 50: These forms of marriage differ from the four kinds ofmarriage mentioned in Chapter I., and are only to be made use of whenthe girl is gained over in the way mentioned in Chapters III. and IV.]
[Footnote 51: About this, see a story on the fatal effects of love atpage 114 of "Early Ideas; a Group of Hindoo Stories," collected andcollated by Anaryan. W. H. Allen and Co., London, 1881.]
fatal - verhängnisvoll, fatal, tödlich
collected - gesammelt; eintreiben (Schulden), sammeln, einsammeln
andcollated - und kollidiert
[Footnote 52: About the Gandharvavivaha form of marriage, see note topage 28 of Captain R. F. Burton's "Vickram and the Vampire; or Tales ofHindu Devilry." Longman, Green & Co., London, 1870. This form ofmatrimony was recognised by the ancient Hindus, and is frequent inbooks.
captain - Stabshauptmann, Kapitän zur See, Kapitän, Flugkapitän
vampire - ein Vampir; Blutsauger, Vampir, Vampyr; qual emale
tales - Märchen; Geschichte, Erzählung, Fabel
ofHindu - vonHindu
devilry - Unfug, böser, Quälerei, Hexerei, Teufelei
ofmatrimony - der Eheschließung
recognised - anerkannt; anerkennen
frequent - häufig; aufsuchen
It is a kind of Scotch Wedding--ultra-Caledonian--taking place bymutual consent without any form or ceremony. The Gandharvas are heavenlyminstrels of Indra's court, who are supposed to be witnesses.]
Scotch - Scotch
wedding - (wedding day) Hochzeitstag; (wed); trauen, verheiraten
ultra - radikal, Ultra..
Caledonian - Kaledonisch; Kaledonier
bymutual - auf Gegenseitigkeit
ceremony - Zeremonie, feierliche Handlung, Ritual, Feier
Court - Hof, Hofstaat, Gericht, Gerichtshof, Platz, werben
witnesses - Zeugnis
=END OF PART III.=
ABOUT A WIFE.
ON THE MANNER OF LIVING OF A VIRTUOUS WOMAN, AND OF HER BEHAVIOUR DURINGTHE ABSENCE OF HER HUSBAND.
A virtuous woman, who has affection for her husband, should act inconformity with his wishes as if he were a divine being, and with hisconsent should take upon herself the whole care of his family. Sheshould keep the whole house well cleaned, and arrange flowers of variouskinds in different parts of it, and make the floor smooth and polishedso as to give the whole a neat and becoming appearance.
divine - göttlich
hisconsent - sein Einverständnis
care - kümmern; Sorgfalt, Aufbewahrung, Behandlung
arrange - sich einigen (über);etwas in die Wege leiten;anordnen, einrichten, sortieren, übereinkommen
smooth - glatt; reibungslos, problemlos, glätten
polishedso - poliert
neat - ordentlich, sauber, geschickt, hübsch
She shouldsurround the house with a garden, and place ready in it all thematerials required for the morning, noon and even sacrifices. Moreovershe should herself revere the sanctuary of the Household Gods, for saysGonardiya, "nothing so much attracts the heart of a householder to hiswife as a careful observance of the things mentioned above."
shouldsurround - sollte die Umgebung
thematerials - die Materialien
noon - Mittag
revere - verehren; ehren
sanctuary - Zufluchtsort; Zuflucht, Herberge, Asyl
saysGonardiya - sagtGonardiya
attracts - lockt; anziehen, anziehen (1, 2)
hiswife - seine Frau
careful - vorsichtig, behutsam, sorgfältig
Towards the parents, relations, friends, sisters, and servants of herhusband she should behave as they deserve. In the garden she shouldplant beds of green vegetables, bunches of the sugar cane, and clumps ofthe fig tree, the mustard plant, the parsley plant, the fennel plant,and the xanthochymus pictorius. Clusters of various flowers, such as thetrapa bispinosa, the jasmine, the gasminum grandiflorum, the yellowamaranth, the wild jasmine, the tabernamontana coronaria, thenadyaworta, the china rose and others, should likewise be planted,together with the fragrant grass andropogon schænanthus, and thefragrant root of the plant andropogon miricatus.
herhusband - Ihr Ehemann
behave - benehmen
shouldplant - pflanzen sollte
sugar cane - Zuckerrohr
clumps - Klumpen, Büschel
fig tree - Feigenbaum
parsley - Petersilie
fennel - Fenchel
clusters - Clustern; Anhäufung, Büschel, Gruppe, Haufen, Schwarm, Traube
jasmine - Jasmin, Jasminum
yellowamaranth - Gelbamaranth
China - China, Porzellan
rose - Rosa; (rise); Rosa
likewise - ebenfalls
root - wurzeln; Haupt, Wurzel, Nullstelle [math.]
She should also haveseats and arbours made in the garden, in the middle of which a well,tank, or pool should be dug.
arbours - Gartenlauben; Gartenlaube, Laube
tank - Panzer, Wasserbecken, Behälter
dug - gegraben; (dig) gegraben
The wife should always avoid the company of female beggars, femalebuddish mendicants, unchaste and roguish women, female fortune tellersand witches. As regards meals she should always consider what herhusband likes and dislikes, and what things are good for him, and whatare injurious to him. When she hears the sounds of his footsteps cominghome she should at once get up, and be ready to do whatever he maycommand her, and either order her female servant to wash his feet, orwash them herself. When going anywhere with her husband, she should puton her ornaments, and without his consent she should not either give oraccept invitations, or attend marriages and sacrifices, or sit in thecompany of female friends, or visit the temples of the Gods.
avoid - ausweichen; meiden, fernbleiben, vermeiden, entkräften
femalebuddish - weiblich-knuddelig
mendicants - Bettlerinnen und Bettler; betteln
roguish - schurkisch; skrupellos, gewissenlos, spitzbübisch, verschmitzt
tellersand - Kassierer und
witches - Hexen; Zauberin [f}, Hexe
Consider - überlegen; halten; betrachten, in Betracht ziehen
dislikes - Abneigungen; Unbehagen
whatare - Was sind
injurious - schädlich
Footsteps - Fußstapfen; Fußabdruck, Schritt
cominghome - Kommst du nach Hause
maycommand - darf ich befehlen
orwash - oder Waschen
anywhere - überall, irgendwo
oraccept - oderakzeptieren
invitations - Einladungen; Einladung, Einladen
attend - teilnehmen; (to attend) mit etwas verbunden sein
thecompany - dasUnternehmen
And if shewants to engage in any kind of games or sports, she should not do itagainst his will. In the same way she should always sit down after him,and get up before him, and should never awaken him when he is asleep.The kitchen should be situated in a quiet and retired place, so as notto be accessible to strangers, and should always look clean.
shewants - Sie will
itagainst - esgegen
awaken - erwecken; aufwecken, aufwachen, erwachen, wach werden
retired - im Ruhestand; pensionieren, zurücktreten, sich zurückziehen
accessible - zugänglich
In the event of any misconduct on the part of her husband, she shouldnot blame him excessively though she be a little displeased. She shouldnot use abusive language towards him, but rebuke him with conciliatorywords, whether he be in the company of friends or alone.
misconduct - Fehlverhalten; schlecht benehmen, Verfehlung
blame - jemadem die Schuld zuweisen
excessively - übermäßig; exzessiv
displeased - unzufrieden; missfallen
abusive language - Beschimpfungen , Beleidigungen
rebuke - tadeln; Tadel, Anschiss, Rüge, Schelte
conciliatorywords - Schlichtwörter
Moreover, sheshould not be a scold, for says Gonardiya, "there is no cause of dislikeon the part of a husband so great as this characteristic in a wife."Lastly she should avoid bad expressions, sulky looks, speaking aside,standing in the doorway, and looking at passers-by, conversing in thepleasure groves, and remaining in a lonely place for a long time; andfinally she should always keep her body, her teeth, her hair, andeverything belonging to her tidy, sweet, and clean.
scold - Beißzange, Xanthippe, beschimpfen, schelten, tadeln
characteristic - charakteristisch, bezeichnend, kennzeichnend, typisch, Merkmal
expressions - Ausdrücke; Ausdruck, Redensart, Ausdruck, Miene, Ausdruck
sulky - mürrisch; schmollend, verdrossen, Sulky
doorway - Türöffnung
passers - Passanten; Passer
conversing - unterhalten; Umkehrung, umgekehrt, Gegenteil
groves - Hainen; Hain, Gehölz
andfinally - und schließlich
andeverything - undAlles
belonging - Zugehörigkeit; gehörend
tidy - aufgeräumt; sauber, ordentlich, aufräumen, säubern, ordnen
When the wife wants to approach her husband in private her dress shouldconsist of many ornaments, various kinds of flowers, and a clothdecorated with different colours, and some sweet-smelling ointments orunguents.
approach - sich nähern, nahekommen, ähnlich sein
shouldconsist - bestehen sollte
clothdecorated - mit Kleidung verziert
orunguents - oderunguents
But her every-day dress should be composed of a thin,close-textured cloth, a few ornaments and flowers, and a little scent,not too much. She should also observe the fasts and vows of her husband,and when he tries to prevent her doing this, she should persuade him tolet her do it.
be composed of - bestehen aus
textured - strukturiert; Textur, Textur, texturieren
scent - Geruch, Duft, Parfüm, Parfum, Fährte, Geruch (1, 3)
observe - beobachten; beachten, halten, bemerken
vows - Gelübde
At appropriate times of the year, and when they happen to be cheap, sheshould buy earth, bamboos, firewood, skins, and iron pots, as also saltand oil. Fragrant substances, vessels made of the fruit of the plantwrightea antidysenterica, or oval leaved wrightea, medicines, and otherthings which are always wanted, should be obtained when required andkept in a secret place of the house.
bamboos - Bambus, Bambus, Bambusrohr
firewood - Brennholz, Feuerholz
skins - Haut, Haut, tHäutchen
iron - eisern; bügeln; in Eisen legen
oil - ölen; Ă–l
antidysenterica - Antidysenterika
oval - Oval
otherthings - andere Dinge
andkept - und aufbewahrt
The seeds of the radish, thepotato, the common beet, the Indian wormwood, the mangoe, the cucumber,the egg plant, the kushmanda, the pumpkin gourd, the surana, thebignonia indica, the sandal wood, the premna spinosa, the garlic plant,the onion, and other vegetables, should be bought and sown at the properseasons.
radish - Radieschen, Rettich
thepotato - die Kartoffel
beet - Rüben; Runkelrübe, Rübe
Indian - indisch, indianisch, Inder, Inderin, Indianer, Indianerin
wormwood - Wermut; Wermutstropfen
cucumber - Gurke, Salatgurke
pumpkin - Kürbis, Kürbispflanze, Kürbisfrucht, Kürbisfarbe, Kürbisfarben
gourd - Kalebasse
garlic - Knoblauch
sown - gesät; Sau; aussäen
properseasons - Jahreszeiten
The wife, moreover, should not tell to strangers the amount of herwealth, nor the secrets which her husband has confided to her. Sheshould surpass all the women of her own rank in life in her cleverness,her appearance, her knowledge of cookery, her pride, and her manner ofserving her husband. The expenditure of the year should be regulated bythe profits. The milk that remains after the meals should be turned intoghee or clarified butter. Oil and sugar should be prepared at home;spinning and weaving should also be done there; and a store of ropes andcords, and barks of trees for twisting into ropes should be kept. Sheshould also attend to the pounding and cleaning of rice, using its smallgrain and chaff in some way or other. She should pay the salaries of theservants, look after the tilling of the fields, and keeping of theflocks and herds, superintend the making of vehicles, and take care ofthe rams, cocks, quails, parrots, starlings, cuckoos, peacocks, monkeys,and deer; and finally adjust the income and expenditure of the day. Theworn-out clothes should be given to those servants who have done goodwork, in order to show them that their services have been appreciated,or they may be applied to some other use. The vessels in which wine isprepared, as well as those in which it is kept, should be carefullylooked after, and put away at the proper time. All sales and purchasesshould also be well attended to. The friends of her husband she shouldwelcome by presenting them with flowers, ointment, incense, betelleaves, and betel nut.
herwealth - ihren Reichtum
confided - anvertraut; vertrauen, einweihen, ins Vertrauen ziehen
surpass - übersteigen, übertreffen, überschreiten, überbieten
cleverness - Klugheit; Pfiffigkeit, Gewandtheit, Raffinesse
pride - Hochmut; Stolz, Trotz, Dünkel, Machtbewusstsein, Rudel
ofserving - zu dienen
expenditure - Aufwand; Aufwendung
regulated - geregelt; regeln, regulieren
profits - Gewinn, Profit, Gewinn, nützen, profitieren, erreichen
remains - bleibt; Überrest (2), de
clarified - geklärt; klären
weaving - Weben; Webstück; (weave) Weben; Webstück
store - Laden; Lager, Speicher, Vorrat, Lagerbestand, lagern, speichern
ropes - Seile; Tau, Seil, Strang
andcords - undAufzeichnungen
twisting - (to twist) drehen
attend to - bedienen
chaff - Spreu, q ow rare, Düppel
salaries - Gehälter; Gehalt
theservants - die Dienerschaft
look after - aufpassen, sich bemühen, pfleglich behandeln
fields - Felder; Feld
herds - Herden; Herde
superintend - beaufsichtigen; aufsehen
vehicles - Fahrzeuge; Fahrzeug
peacocks - Pfaue; Pfau, qualifier
monkeys - Affen; Affe, Äffin
adjust - anpassen, abstimmen, ausrichten, justieren
income - Einkommen
goodwork - gute Arbeit
appreciated - gewürdigt; zu schätzen wissen, würdigen, zu schätzen wissen
isprepared - ist vorbereitet
carefullylooked - sorgfältig geprüft
put away - weglegen;weggelegt
sales - Verkäufe; Vertrieb, Verkauf; verkaufen
purchasesshould - sollten die Käufe
shouldwelcome - willkommen sein sollte
incense - Weihrauch, Räuchwerk ''(archaic)'', empören, erzürnen
Her father-in-law and mother-in law she shouldtreat as they deserve, always remaining dependant on their will, nevercontradicting them, speaking to them in few and not harsh words, notlaughing loudly in their presence, and acting with their friends andenemies as with her own. In addition to the above she should not bevain, or too much taken up with her enjoyments. She should be liberaltowards her servants, and reward them on holidays and festivals; and notgive away anything without first making it known to her husband.
shouldtreat - behandeln sollte
dependant - Abhängige, Angehörige, Anhänger
nevercontradicting - nie widersprüchlich
notlaughing - nicht lachen
loudly - lautstark; laut
andenemies - und Feinde
taken up - aufgegriffen
liberaltowards - liberal
Reward - Belohnung, Lohn
notgive - nicht geben
Thus ends the manner of living of a virtuous woman.
During the absence of her husband on a journey the virtuous woman shouldwear only her auspicious ornaments, and observe the fasts in honour ofthe Gods. While anxious to hear the news of her husband, she shouldstill look after her household affairs. She should sleep near the elderwomen of the house, and make herself agreeable to them. She should lookafter and keep in repair the things that are liked by her husband, andcontinue the works that have been begun by him. To the abode of herrelations she should not go except on occasions of joy and sorrow, andthen she should go in her usual travelling dress, accompanied by herhusband's servants, and not remain there for a long time. The fasts andfeasts should be observed with the consent of the elders of the house.The resources should be increased by making purchases and salesaccording to the practice of the merchants, and by means of honestservants, superintended by herself. The income should be increased, andthe expenditure diminished as much as possible.
shouldwear - tragen sollte
shouldstill - stillhalten sollte
elderwomen - ältere Frauen
lookafter - danach suchen
repair - reparieren, instandsetzen, ausbessern
andcontinue - und fortsetzen
herrelations - ihre Beziehungen
joy - Wonne (Freude, Vergnügen); Freude (über)
sorrow - Kummer, Traurigkeit, Trauer, Sorge
andfeasts - und Feste
elders - Ältere Menschen; Holunder, älterer
purchases - Käufe; Einkauf, Kauf, Kauf, Anschaffung, Anschaffung, kaufen
honestservants - Ehrliche Diener
superintended - beaufsichtigt; aufsehen
diminished - vermindert; vermindern, verkleinern, reduzieren, verringern
And when her husbandreturns from his journey, she should receive him at first in herordinary clothes, so that he may know in what way she has lived duringhis absence, and should bring to him some presents, as also materialsfor the worship of the Deity.
husbandreturns - kehrt der Ehemann zurück
herordinary - außergewöhnlich
duringhis - während dieser
materialsfor - Materialien für
Thus ends the part relating to the behaviour of a wife during theabsence of her husband on a journey.
theabsence - die Abwesenheit
There are also some verses on the subject as follows.
"The wife, whether she be a woman of noble family, or a virgin widow[53]re-married, or a concubine, should lead a chaste life, devoted to herhusband, and doing every thing for his welfare. Women acting thus,acquire Dharma, Artha, and Kama, obtain a high position, and generallykeep their husbands devoted to them."
noble family - Adelsgeschlecht
concubine - Konkubine
chaste - keusch
welfare - Wohlergehen, Wohlfahrt, Sozialhilfe
generallykeep - im Allgemeinen
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 53: This probably refers to a girl married in her infancy, orwhen very young, and whose husband had died before she arrived at theage of puberty. Infant marriages are still the common custom of theHindoos.]
refers - verweist; überweisen (an)
orwhen - oder wann
infant - Säugling, Wickelkind, Kleinkind
ON THE CONDUCT OF THE ELDER WIFE TOWARDS THE OTHER WIVES OF HER HUSBAND,AND ON THAT OF A YOUNGER WIFE TOWARDS THE ELDER ONES. ALSO ON THECONDUCT OF A VIRGIN WIDOW RE-MARRIED; OF A WIFE DISLIKED BY HER HUSBAND;OF THE WOMEN IN THE KING'S HAREM; AND LASTLY ON THE CONDUCT OF A HUSBANDTOWARDS MANY WIVES.
The causes of re-marrying during the lifetime of the wife are asfollows:
lifetime - Leben, Lebensdauer, Lebenszeit, Ewigkeit
(1). The folly or ill temper of the wife.
folly - Wahnsinn; Torheit, Narrheit, Dummheit, Tollheit
temper - Gereiztheit, Laune, Temperament, Anlassen, Ausheizen
(2). Her husband's dislike to her.
(3). The want of offspring.
(4). The continual birth of daughters.
(5). The incontinence of the husband.
incontinence - Zügellosigkeit, Hemmungslosigkeit, Inkontinenz
From the very beginning the wife should endeavour to attract the heartof her husband, by showing to him continually her devotion, her goodtemper, and her wisdom. If however she bears him no children, she shouldherself tell her husband to marry another woman.
devotion - Hingebung, Hingabe, Zuneigung, Zuwendung
goodtemper - gute Laune
wisdom - Weisheit
she bears - Bärinnen
shouldherself - sollte sich selbst
And when the secondwife is married, and brought to the house, the first wife should giveher a position superior to her own, and look upon her as a sister. Inthe morning the elder wife should forcibly make the younger one decorateherself in the presence of their husband, and should not mind all thehusband's favour being given to her. If the younger wife does anythingto displease her husband the elder one should not neglect her, butshould always be ready to give her most careful advice, and should teachher to do various things in the presence of her husband. Her childrenshe should treat as her own, her attendants she should look upon withmore regard, even than on her own servants, her friends she shouldcherish with love and kindness, and her relations with great honour.
secondwife - Zweitfrau
decorateherself - sich selbst schmücken
anythingto - irgendetwas zu
displease - missfallen
neglect - Vernachlässigung; vernachlässigen, verabsäumen, versäumen
butshould - aber sollte
most careful - reiflichste
teachher - Sie unterrichten
childrenshe - Kindersie
treat - behandeln; bewirten, einladen, heilen, kurieren
withmore - mitmehr
shouldcherish - solltecherisch
kindness - Freundlichkeit; Liebenswürdigkeit
When there are many other wives besides herself, the elder wife shouldassociate with the one who is immediately next to her in rank and age,and should instigate the wife who has recently enjoyed her husband'sfavour to quarrel with the present favourite. After this she shouldsympathize with the former, and having collected all the other wivestogether, should get them to denounce the favourite as a scheming andwicked woman, without however committing herself in any way.
shouldassociate - assoziieren sollten
instigate - anstiften, hetzen, anstacheln, anzetteln
shouldsympathize - mitfühlen
wivestogether - zusammenleben
denounce - anprangern; verurteilen; kündigen, aufkündigen
scheming - intrigieren; ränkevoll; (scheme); Programm, Plan, Projekt
committing - sich zu engagieren; einweisen, einliefern, begehen, verbrechen
If thefavourite wife happens to quarrel with the husband, then the elder wifeshould take her part and give her false encouragement, and thus causethe quarrel to be increased. If there be only a little quarrel betweenthe two, the elder wife should do all she can to work it up into a largequarrel. But if after all this she finds the husband still continues tolove his favourite wife she should then change her tactics, andendeavour to bring about a conciliation between them, so as to avoid herhusband's displeasure.
wifeshould - Frau sollte
encouragement - Ermutigung
causethe - die Ursache
largequarrel - Großquarrel
tactics - Taktik, Taktik
conciliation - Schlichtung; Einigung, Versöhnung, Ausgleich, Aussöhnung
displeasure - Unzufriedenheit; Unmut, Missfallen, Verdruss
Thus ends the conduct of the elder wife.
The younger wife should regard the elder wife of her husband as hermother, and should not give anything away, even to her own relations,without her knowledge. She should tell her everything about herself, andnot approach her husband without her permission. Whatever is told to herby the elder wife she should not reveal to others, and she should takecare of the children of the senior even more than of her own. When alonewith her husband she should serve him well, but should not tell him ofthe pain she suffers from the existence of a rival wife. She may alsoobtain secretly from her husband some marks of his particular regard forher, and may tell him that she lives only for him, and for the regardthat he has for her.
takecare - sich kümmern
senior - älter
alonewith - Alleine
alsoobtain - auch erhalten
regardthat - Was ist das
She should never reveal her love for her husband,nor her husband's love for her to any person, either in pride or inanger, for a wife that reveals the secrets of her husband is despised byhim. As for seeking to obtain the regard of her husband, Gonardiya says,that it should always be done in private, for fear of the elder wife. Ifthe elder wife be disliked by her husband, or be childless, she shouldsympathize with her, and should ask her husband to do the same, butshould surpass her in leading the life of a chaste woman.
byhim - durch ihn
seeking - suchen
childless - kinderlos
Thus ends the conduct of the younger wife towards the elder.
A widow in poor circumstances, or of a weak nature, and who alliesherself again to a man, is called a widow re-married.
alliesherself - Verbündete selbst
At the time of her marriage the widow should obtain from her husband themoney to pay the cost of drinking parties, and picnics with herrelations, and of giving them and her friends kindly gifts and presents;or she may do these things at her own cost if she likes. In the same wayshe may wear either her husband's ornaments or her own. As to thepresents of affection mutually exchanged between the husband and herselfthere is no fixed rule about them.
themoney - das Geld
kindly - freundlich, freundlicherweise, gütig, liebenswürdig
gifts - Geschenke; Geschenk
wayshe - wie er
thepresents - die Präsente
mutually - gegenseitig
exchanged - ausgetauscht; austauschen, umtauschen, tauschen
herselfthere - selbst dort
If she leaves her husband aftermarriage of her own accord, she should restore to him whatever he mayhave given her, with the exception of the mutual presents. If howevershe is driven out of the house by her husband she should not returnanything to him.
aftermarriage - Nach der Heirat
restore - wiederherstellen, restaurieren
howevershe - Wie auch immer
driven out - ausgetrieben
returnanything - irgendetwas zurückgeben
After her marriage she should live in the house of her husband like oneof the chief members of the family, but should treat the other ladies ofthe family with kindness, the servants with generosity, and all thefriends of the house with familiarity and good temper. She should showthat she is better acquainted with the sixty-four arts than the otherladies of the house, and in any quarrels with her husband she should notrebuke him severely, but in private do everything that he wishes, andmake use of the sixty-four ways of enjoyment. She should be obliging tothe other wives of her husband, and to their children she should givepresents, behave as their mistress, and make ornaments and play thingsfor their use.
oneof - einer von
generosity - Großzügigkeit, Generosität, Großmut, Freizügigkeit, Edelmut
familiarity - Vertrautheit
showthat - das zeigen
otherladies - andere Damen
severely - ernsthaft
andmake - und machen
obliging - zuvorkommend; verpflichten, einen Gefallen tun
givepresents - Geschenke machen
thingsfor - Dinge für
In the friends and servants of her husband she shouldconfide more than in his other wives, and finally she should have aliking for drinking parties, going to picnics, attending fairs andfestivals, and for carrying out all kinds of games and amusements.
shouldconfide - zustimmen sollten
carrying out - (carry out) vollziehen
Thus ends the conduct of a virgin widow re-married.
A woman who is disliked by her husband, and annoyed and distressed byhis other wives, should associate with the wife who is liked most by herhusband, and who serves him more than the others, and should teach herall the arts with which she is acquainted. She should act as the nurseof her husband's children, and having gained over his friends to herside, should through them make him acquainted of her devotion to him. Inreligious ceremonies she should be a leader, as also in vows and fasts,and should not hold too good an opinion of herself. When her husband islying on his bed she should only go near him when it is agreeable tohim, and should never rebuke him, or show obstinacy in any way.
annoyed - verärgert; stören, ärgern, belästigen, nerven, verägern
byhis - von ihm
associate with - verkehren mit
serves - dient; Angabe, dienen, servieren, aufschlagen
nurseof - Krankenschwester
herside - ihre Seite
islying - lügen
obstinacy - Hartnäckigkeit; Sturheit, Eigensinn
If herhusband happens to quarrel with any of his other wives, she shouldreconcile them to each other, and if he desires to see any womansecretly, she should manage to bring about the meeting between them. Sheshould moreover make herself acquainted with the weak points of herhusband's character, but always keep them secret, and on the wholebehave herself in such an way as may lead him to look upon her as a goodand devoted wife.
shouldreconcile - sich versöhnen sollten
womansecretly - Frau insgeheim
manage - verwalten, leiten, hinbekommen, schaffen
Here ends the conduct of a wife disliked by her husband.
The above sections will show how all the women of the King's seraglioare to behave, and therefore we shall now speak separately only aboutthe king.
aboutthe - über die
The female attendants in the harem (called severally Kanchukiyas,[54]Mahallarikas,[55] and Mahallikas,[56]) should bring flowers, ointmentsand clothes from the King's wives to the King, and he having receivedthese things should give them as presents to the servants, along withthe things worn by him the previous day. In the afternoon the King,having dressed and put on his ornaments, should interview the women ofthe harem, who should also be dressed and decorated with jewels.
severally - getrennt
ointmentsand - Salben und
receivedthese - diese erhalten
previous day - vorheriger Tag
Thenhaving given to each of them such a place and such respect as may suitthe occasion and as they may deserve, he should carry on with them acheerful conversation. After that he should see such of his wives as maybe virgin widows re-married, and after them the concubines and dancinggirls. All of these should be visited in their own private rooms.
suitthe - wie es sich gehört
acheerful - schmerzhaft
widows - Witwen; Witwe, Hurenkind
concubines - Konkubinen; Konkubine
When the King rises from his noonday sleep, the woman whose duty it isto inform the King regarding the wife who is to spend the night with himshould come to him accompanied by the female attendants of that wifewhose turn may have arrived in the regular course, and of her who mayhave been accidentally passed over as her turn arrived, and of her whomay have been unwell at the time of her turn.
rises - aufsteigt; Kursanstieg; Aufgang, Gehaltszulage, Aufschwung
himshould - sollte er
wifewhose - wessen Frau
regular - regulär, regelmäßig, Gleichmäßig, normal, gewöhnlich, Stammgast
passed over - übertrat
unwell - unwohl
These attendants shouldplace before the King the ointments and unguents sent by each of thesewives, marked with the seal of her ring, and their names and theirreasons for sending the ointments should be told to the King. After thisthe King accepts the ointment of one of them, who then is informed thather ointment has been accepted, and that her day has been settled.[57]
shouldplace - platzieren sollte
thesewives - diese Frauen
marked - markiert; Markus, Markus, Markus
seal - versiegeln;Siegel , Stempel , Seehund , Robbe ;sich etw. sichern;Plombe
ring - Ring, Kreis
theirreasons - ihre Gründe
thisthe - die
informed - informiert; benachrichtigen, mitteilen, informieren
thather - dass sie
accepted - akzeptiert; annehmen, abnehmen, akzeptieren, aufnehmen
settled - erledigt; abklären
At festivals, singing parties and exhibitions, all the wives of the Kingshould be treated with respect and served with drinks.
exhibitions - Ausstellungen; Ausstellung, Ausstellung
served - bedient; Angabe, dienen, servieren, aufschlagen
But the women of the harem should not be allowed to go out alone,neither should any women outside the harem be allowed to enter it exceptthose whose character is well known. And lastly the work which theKing's wives have to do should not be too fatiguing.
enter - reingehen, hineingehen, hereingehen, eintreten
exceptthose - außer diesen
fatiguing - Ermüdend; Müdigkeit, Ermüdung, Schlappheit, Überdruss
Thus ends the conduct of the King towards the women of the harem, and oftheir own conduct.
oftheir - ihrer
A man marrying many wives should act fairly towards them all. He shouldneither disregard nor pass over their faults, and should not reveal toone wife the love, passion, bodily blemishes, and confidentialreproaches of the other. No opportunity should be given to any one ofthem of speaking to him about their rivals, and if one of them shouldbegin to speak ill of another, he should chide her and tell her that shehas exactly the same blemishes in her character. One of them he shouldplease by secret confidence, another by secret respect, and another bysecret flattery, and he should please them all by going to gardens, byamusements, by presents, by honouring their relations, by telling themsecrets, and lastly by loving unions.
shouldneither - sollten beide
disregard - missachten; Gleichgültigkeit, Nichtbeachten, Nichtbeachtung
pass over - übertreten
bodily - körperlich, Körper
blemishes - Unreinheiten; Makel, Schönheitsfehler, Makel
confidentialreproaches - vertrauliche Vorwürfe
rivals - Rivalen; Gegner, Rivale, Konkurrent, Gegnerin, Rivalin
shouldbegin - beginnen sollte
shehas - Sie hat
exactly - genau; ganz genau
shouldplease - bitte
flattery - Schmeicheleien; Schmeichelei, Schöntuerei
honouring - zu ehren; Ehrung, Ehre; ehren; beehren, akzeptieren, annehmen
A young woman who is of a goodtemper, and who conducts herself according to the precepts of the HolyWrit, wins her husband's attachment, and obtains a superiority over herrivals.
conducts - verhält; Leitung, Führung, leiten, führen, sich verhalten
attachment - Attachment, Anhang, Dateianhang, Anlage
herrivals - Rivalen
Thus ends the conduct of a husband towards many wives.
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 54: A name given to the maid servants of the zenana of theKings in ancient times, on account of their always keeping their breastscovered with a cloth called Kanchuki. It was customary in the olden timefor the maid servants to cover their breasts with a cloth, while theQueens kept their breasts uncovered. This custom is distinctly to beseen in the Ajunta cave paintings.]
breastscovered - Brüste bedeckt
customary - Gewöhnlich; üblich
olden - altern
timefor - Zeit für
uncovered - aufgedeckt; aufdecken, enthüllen
beseen - besichtigt
cave - nachgeben, aufgeben; Höhle
paintings - Gemälde
[Footnote 55: The meaning of this word is a superior woman, so it wouldseem that a Mahallarika must be a person in authority over the maidservants of the house.]
wouldseem - erscheinen würde
maidservants - Mägde und Knechte; Zugehfrau
[Footnote 56: This was also appertaining to the rank of women employedin the harem. In latter times this place was given to eunuchs.]
appertaining - zugehörig; gehören
employedin - beschäftigt
[Footnote 57: As Kings generally had many wives, it was usual for themto enjoy their wives by turns. But as it happened sometimes that some ofthem lost their turns owing to the King's absence, or to their beingunwell, then in such cases the women whose turns had been passed over,and those whose turns had come, used to have a sort of lottery, and theointment of all the claimants were sent to the King, who accepted theointment of one of them, and thus settled the question.
themto - sie zu
owing - geschuldet; schulden, schuldig sein, schulden, schuldig sein
beingunwell - Unwohlsein
lottery - Lotterie
theointment - die Ernennung
claimants - Anspruchsteller, Antragsteller
=END OF PART IV.=
ABOUT THE WIVES OF OTHER MEN.
OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN AND WOMEN.--THE REASONS WHY WOMEN REJECTTHE ADDRESSES OF MEN.--ABOUT MEN WHO HAVE SUCCESS WITH WOMEN, AND ABOUTWOMEN WHO ARE EASILY GAINED OVER.
The wives of other people may be resorted to on the occasions alreadydescribed in Part I., Chapter 5, of this work, but the possibility oftheir acquisition, their fitness for cohabitation, the danger to oneselfin uniting with them, and the future effect of these unions, shouldfirst of all be examined.
alreadydescribed - bereits beschrieben
possibility - Möglichkeit
fitness - Fitness; Tauglichkeit, Zweckmäßigkeit
cohabitation - Zusammenleben; wilde Ehe
oneselfin - sich selbst
uniting - vereinigend; (unit); Einheit
shouldfirst - sollte zuerst
examined - untersucht; untersuchen, untersuchen, untersuchen, prüfen
A man may resort to the wife of another, forthe purpose of saving his own life, when he perceives that his love forher proceeds from one degree of intensity to another. These degrees areten in number, and are distinguished by the following marks:
saving - Sparen; Ersparnisse; (save); retten; erretten; sichern
perceives - wahrnimmt; wahrnehmen
distinguished - ausgezeichnet; unterscheiden, erkennen, auszeichnen
1. Love of the eye.
2. Attachment of the mind.
3. Constant reflection.
4. Destruction of sleep.
5. Emaciation of the body.
emaciation - Auszehrung; Abmagern, Abmagerung, Abgemagertheit
6. turning away from objects of enjoyment.
turning away - Abkehr
7. Removal of shame.
removal - Entfernung; Umzug; Entlassung
shame - Schamgefühl; Scham, Schande
8. Madness.
madness - Wahnsinn, Verrücktheit, Tollheit
9. Fainting.
Fainting - Ohnmacht; (faint); Ohnmacht
10. Death.
Death - Tod, Exitus, der Tod, Untergang
Ancient authors say that a man should know the disposition,truthfulness, purity, and will of a young woman, as also the intensity,or weakness of her passions, from the form of her body, and from hercharacteristic marks and signs.
truthfulness - Wahrhaftigkeit
hercharacteristic - ihr Charakteristikum
But Vatsyayana is of opinion that theforms of bodies, and the characteristic marks or signs are but erringtests of character, and that women should be judged by their conduct, bythe outward expression of their thoughts, and by the movements of theirbodies.
theforms - die Formulare
erringtests - Fehlertests
judged - verurteilt; urteilen (nach), richten; Richter, Jurist
expression - Ausdruck; Redensart, Miene
thoughts - Gedanken; Gedanke
theirbodies - ihreKörper
Now as a general rule Gonikaputra says that a woman falls in love withevery handsome man she sees, and so does every man at the sight of abeautiful woman, but frequently they do not take any further steps,owing to various considerations. In love the following circumstances arepeculiar to the woman. She loves without regard to right or wrong,[58]and does not try to gain over a man simply for the attainment of someparticular purpose. Moreover, when a man first makes up to her shenaturally shrinks from him, even though she may be willing to uniteherself with him. But when the attempts to gain her are repeated andrenewed, she at last consents.
withevery - mit jedem
sight - Sehenswürdigkeit, Gesicht, Visier, erblicken, anvisieren
steps - Schritte; treten, treten (du trittst
considerations - Überlegungen; Erwägung, Überlegung, Überlegung, Rücksicht
arepeculiar - eigentümlich sind
Simply - einfach
attainment - Errungenschaften; Erlangen; Errungenschaft
someparticular - etwas Bestimmtes
makes up - (make up) umbrechen (Drucktechnik), zurechtmachen
shenaturally - natürlich
shrinks - schrumpft; schrumpfen, schrumpfen, abnehmen, drücken
uniteherself - sich selbst zu vereinen
andrenewed - undverlängert
But with a man, even though he may havebegun to love, he conquers his feelings from a regard for morality andwisdom, and although his thoughts are often on the woman, he does notyield, even though an attempt be made to gain him over. He sometimesmakes an attempt or effort to win the object of his affections, andhaving failed, he leaves her alone for the future. In the same way, whena woman is once gained, he often becomes indifferent about her. As forthe saying that a man does not care for what is easily gained, and onlydesires a thing which cannot be obtained without difficulty, it is onlya matter of talk.
havebegun - begonnen haben
conquers - erobert; erobern
morality - Moral, Moralität
notyield - nicht ertragreich
sometimesmakes - manchmal macht
effort - Anstrengung, Aufwand
whena - Wanna
indifferent - gleichgültig
onlya - nura
The causes of a woman rejecting the addresses of a man are as follows:
rejecting - verwerfen, ablehnen, zurückweisen
1. Affection for her husband.
2. Desire of lawful progeny.
3. Want of opportunity.
4. Anger at being addressed by the man too familiarly.
anger - Ärger, Zorn, Wut, Groll
familiarly - Vertraut
5. Difference in rank of life.
6. Want of certainty on account of the man being devoted to travelling.
7. Thinking that the man may be attached to some other person.
8. Fear of the man's not keeping his intentions secret.
9. Thinking that the man is too devoted to his friends, and has toogreat a regard for them.
toogreat - zu groß
10. The apprehension that he is not in earnest.
apprehension - Befürchtungen; Greifen, Ergreifen, Fassen, Anfassen
earnest - ernsthaft; gesetzt, ernst; (earn) ernsthaft; gesetzt, ernst
11. Bashfulness on account of his being an illustrious man.
illustrious - erlaucht; glorreich
12. Fear on account of his being powerful, or possessed of too impetuouspassion, in the case of the deer woman.
impetuouspassion - ungestüme Leidenschaft
13. Bashfulness on account of his being too clever.
14. The thought of having once lived with him on friendly terms only.
15. Contempt of his want of knowledge of the world.
contempt - Verachtung; Schande, Blamage, Mißachtung, Beamtenbeleidigung
16. Distrust of his low character.
distrust - Misstrauen, Argwohn
17. Disgust at his want of perception of her love for him.
disgust - Abscheu; ekeln; Ekel
18. In the case of an elephant woman, the thought that he is a hare man,or a man of weak passion.
19. Compassion lest any thing should befall him on account of hispassion.
compassion - Mitleid, Erbarmen, Mitgefühl
befall - eintreten; befallen, zustoßen, hereinbrechen, widerfahren
hispassion - seine Leidenschaft
20. Despair at her own imperfections.
despair - verzweifeln; Verzweiflung
21. Fear of discovery.
discovery - Entdeckung
22. Disillusion at seeing his grey hair or shabby appearance.
disillusion - Desillusionierung; desillusionieren; Desillusion
shabby - schäbig
23. Fear that he may be employed by her husband to test her chastity.
24. The thought that he has too much regard for morality.
Whichever of the above causes a man may detect, he should endeavour toremove it from the very beginning. Thus, the bashfulness that may arisefrom his greatness or his ability, he should remove by showing his greatlove and affection for her. The difficulty of the want of opportunity,or if his inaccessibility, he should remove by showing her some easy wayof access. The excessive respect entertained by the woman for him shouldbe removed by making himself very familiar.
whichever - was auch immer
detect - finden, ermitteln, aufspüren, entdecken, erkennen
toremove - entfernen
arisefrom - entstehen
greatness - Großartigkeit; Größe
ability - Fähigkeit
inaccessibility - Unerreichbarkeit; Unzugänglichkeit
The difficulties that arisefrom his being thought a low character he should remove by showing hisvalour and his wisdom; those that come from neglect by extra attention;and those that arise from fear by giving her proper encouragement.
difficulties - Schwierigkeiten; Schwierigkeit
remove - entfernen; beseitigen; verdrängen; umziehen
arise from - sich entwickeln aus, hervorgehen aus;entspringen
The following are the men who generally obtain success with women.
1. Men well versed in the science of love.
2. Men skilled in telling stories.
3. Men acquainted with women from their childhood.
4. Men who have secured their confidence.
secured - gesichert; sicher, geschützt, beschützt, sicher, geschützt
5. Men who send presents to them.
6. Men who talk well.
7. Men who do things that they like.
8. Men who have not loved other women previously.
9. Men who act as messengers.
10. Men who knew their weak points.
11. Men who are desired by good women.
12. Men who are united with their female friends.
13. Men who are good looking.
14. Men who have been brought up with them.
15. Men who are their neighbours.
16. Men who are devoted to sexual pleasures, even though these be theirown servants.
17. The lovers of the daughters of their nurse.
18. Men who have been lately married.
19. Men who like picnics and pleasure parties.
20. Men who are liberal.
21. Men who are celebrated for being very strong (Bull men).
22. Enterprising and brave men.
enterprising - unternehmungslustig, unternehmerisch
Brave - tapfer, mutig, Krieger
23. Men who surpass their husbands in learning and good looks, in goodquality, and in liberality.
goodquality - gute Qualität
liberality - Liberalität, Freizügigkeit
24. Men whose dress and manner of living are magnificent.
magnificent - großartig; prächtig; ausgezeichnet
The following are the women who are easily gained over.
1. Women who stand at the doors of their houses.
2. Women who are always looking out on the street.
3. Women who sit conversing in their neighbour's house.
4. A woman who is always staring at you.
5. A female messenger.
6. A woman who looks sideways at you.
sideways - seitwärts; Seitenweg
7. A woman whose husband has taken another wife without any just cause.
8. A woman who hates her husband or who is hated by him.
9. A woman who has nobody to look after her, or keep her in check.
10. A woman who has not had any children.
11. A woman whose family or caste is not well known.
12. A woman whose children are dead.
dead - tot, gestorben, leblos, bewegungslos, regungslos, erstarrt
13. A woman who is very fond of society.
14. A woman who is apparently very affectionate with her husband.
apparently - offensichtlich, offenbar, scheinbar, anscheinend
affectionate - zärtlich
15. The wife of an actor.
16. A widow.
17. A poor woman.
poor woman - Arme
18. A woman fond of enjoyments.
19. The wife of a man with many younger brothers.
20. A vain woman.
vain - eitel; unnützlich
21. A woman whose husband is inferior to her in rank or abilities.
inferior - untergeordnet, nachgeordnet, unterlegen, tiefer, minderwertig
abilities - Fähigkeiten; Fähigkeit
22. A woman who is proud of her skill in the arts.
proud - stolz, prahlerisch
23. A woman disturbed in mind by the folly of her husband.
disturbed - beunruhigt; stören
24. A woman who has been married in her infancy to a rich man, and notliking him when she grows up, desires a man possessing a disposition,talents, and wisdom suitable to her own tastes.
notliking - nicht mögen
grows up - (grow up) aufwachsen, heranwachsen
possessing - zu besitzen; besitzen, besitzen
tastes - Geschmäcker; Geschmack, Schmecken
25. A woman who is slighted by her husband without any cause.
slighted - beleidigt; geringfügig, leicht, gering, unbedeutend, wenig
26. A woman who is not respected by other women of the same rank orbeauty as herself.
27. A woman whose husband is devoted to travelling.
28. The wife of a jeweller.
jeweller - Bijouterie, Juwelier
29. A jealous woman.
jealous - eifersüchtig; eifrig, eifernd, neidisch
30. A covetous woman.
covetous - begehrlich
31. An immoral woman.
immoral - unmoralisch
32. A barren woman.
barren - steril, unfruchtbar, dürr, karg, ausgetrocknet
33. A lazy woman.
lazy - faul
34. A cowardly woman.
cowardly - feige
35. A humpbacked woman.
humpbacked - buckelig
36. A dwarfish woman.
dwarfish - zwergenhaft
37. A deformed woman.
38. A vulgar woman.
vulgar - vulgär, unfein, ungebildet, unanständig
39. An ill-smelling woman.
40. A sick woman.
41. An old woman.
There was also two verses on the subject as follows:
"Desire, which springs from nature, and which is increased by art, andfrom which all danger is taken away by wisdom, becomes firm and secure.A clever man, depending on his own ability, and observing carefully theideas and thoughts of women, and removing the causes of their turningaway from men, is generally successful with them."
depending - abhängig; abhängen, ankommen
observing - Beobachtung; beobachten, beachten, halten, bemerken
theideas - dieIdeen
removing - entfernen, beseitigen, verdrängen, umziehen
turningaway - abwenden
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 58: On peut tout attendre et tout supposer d'une femmeamoureuse.--Balzac.]
tout - werben, aufdringlich ankündigen
et - und
Supposer - Angenommen
une - nicht
ABOUT MAKING ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE WOMAN, AND OF THE EFFORTS TO GAIN HEROVER.
Ancient authors are of opinion that girls are not so easily seduced byemploying female messengers as by the efforts of the man himself, butthat the wives of others are more easily got at by the aid of femalemessengers than by the personal efforts of a man. But Vatsyayana lays itdown that whenever it is possible a man should always act himself inthese matters, and it is only when such is impracticable, or impossible,that female messengers should be employed.
seduced - verführt; verführen, verführen, verleiten
byemploying - durchBeschäftigung
butthat - aber das
femalemessengers - Fememessenger
inthese - in diesen
impracticable - undurchführbar
As for the saying that womenwho act and talk boldly and freely are to be won by the personal effortsof the man, and that women who do not possess those qualities are to begot at by female messengers, it is only a matter of talk.
womenwho - Frauen - wer
boldly - kühn, tapfer
effortsof - Bemühungen von
begot - gezeugt; erzeugen, zeugen, fortpflanzen
Now when a man acts himself in the matter he should first of all makethe acquaintance of the woman he loves in the following manner.
makethe - machen
1st. He should arrange to be seen by the woman either on a natural orspecial opportunity. A natural opportunity is when one of them goes tothe house of the other, and a special opportunity is when they meeteither at the house of a friend, or a caste-fellow, or a minister, or aphysician, as also on the occasion of marriage ceremonies, sacrifices,festivals, funerals, and garden parties.
arrange - arrangieren, systematisieren, aufstellen, ordnen, einrichten
orspecial - oderbesonders
meeteither - treffen sich beide
fellow - Stipendiat, Typ, Kerl, Bursche; Gefährte, Kerl
aphysician - aphysiker
funerals - Beerdigungen; Bestattung, Beerdigung, Begräbnis
2nd. When they do meet, the man should be careful to look at her in sucha way as to cause the state of his mind to be made known to her; heshould pull about his moustache, make a sound with his nails, cause hisown ornaments to tinkle, bite his lower lip, and make various othersigns of that description. When she is looking at him he should speakto his friends about her and other women, and should show to her hisliberality and his appreciation of enjoyments. When sitting by the sideof a female friend he should yawn and twist his body, contract hiseyebrows, speak very slowly as if he were weary, and listen to herindifferently. A conversation having two meanings should also be carriedon with a child or some other person, apparently having regard to athird person, but really having reference to the woman he loves, and inthis way his love should be made manifest under the pretext of referringto others rather than to herself.
made known - bekannt gemacht, bekanntgemacht [alt]
pull - ziehen
hisown - sein Eigentum
tinkle - klingeln, klimpern, Klingeln, Telefonat, Anruf, Pipi
othersigns - andere Zeichen
speakto - Sprechen
hisliberality - seineLiberalität
appreciation - Anerkennung, Würdigung, Dankbarkeit, Wertschätzung
sideof - Seite von
yawn - gähnen; Gähnen
twist - Zwirn; Biegung; Wendung; Twist; verziehen, drehen, wickeln
herindifferently - sie gleichgültig
meanings - Bedeutungen; Bedeutung, Sinn
carriedon - weitergeführt
having regard to - unter Berücksichtigung von
athird - dritte
referringto - auf die ich mich beziehe
He should make marks that havereference to her, on the earth with his nails, or with a stick, andshould embrace and kiss a child in her presence, and give it the mixtureof betel nut and betel leaves with his tongue, and press its chin withhis fingers in a caressing way. All these things should be done at theproper time and in proper places.
mixtureof - Mischung aus
caressing - streicheln; liebkosend
3rd. The man should fondle a child that may be sitting on her lap, andgive it something to play with, and also take the same back again.Conversation with respect to the child may also be held with her, and inthis manner he should gradually become well acquainted with her, and heshould also make himself agreeable to her relations. Afterwards, thisacquaintance should be made a pretext for visiting her house frequently,and on such occasions he should converse on the subject of love in herabsence, but within her hearing. As his intimacy with her increases heshould place in her charge some kind of deposit or trust, and take awayfrom it a small portion at a time; or he may give her some fragrantsubstances, or betel nuts to be kept for him by her. After this heshould endeavour to make her well acquainted with his own wife, and getthem to carry on confidential conversations, and to sit together inlonely places. In order to see her frequently he should arrange that thesame goldsmith, the same jeweller, the same basket maker, the same dyer,and the same washerman should be employed by the two families.
fondle - streicheln; liebkosen
gradually - nach und nach, allmählich, stufenweise, schrittweise
thisacquaintance - diese Bekanntschaft
herabsence - Herablassung
within - in, innerhalb
intimacy - Intimität
charge - Gebühr; Entgelt; Ladung; Last; Rempeln; beauftragen, belasten
awayfrom - weg von
fragrantsubstances - duftende Substanzen
nuts - Nüsse; Schraubenmutter, Nuß
getthem - sie bekommen
inlonely - einsam
goldsmith - Goldschmied, Goldschmiedin, Gold- und Silberschmied
basket - Korb
Maker - Schöpfer; Macher, Hersteller, Fabrikant
dyer - Färber, Färberin
washerman - der Wäscher / die Wäscherin
And heshould also pay her long visits openly under the pretence of beingengaged with her on business, and one business should lead to another,so as to keep up the intercourse between them. Whenever she wantsanything, or is in need of money, or wishes to acquire skill in one ofthe arts, he should cause her to understand that he is willing and ableto do anything that she wants, to give her money, or teach her one ofthe arts, all these things being quite within his ability and power. Inthe same way he should hold discussions with her in company with otherpeople, and they should talk of the doings and sayings of other persons,and examine different things, like jewellery, precious stones, etc. Onsuch occasions he should show her certain things with the values ofwhich she may be unacquainted, and if she begins to dispute with himabout the things or their value, he should not contradict her, but pointout that he agrees with her in every way.
beingengaged - engagieren
on business - geschäftlich, in Geschäften
wantsanything - irgendetwas will
ableto - können
discussions - Diskussionen; Diskussion, Erörterung, Besprechung
otherpeople - andere Menschen
doings - tun, tuend
sayings - Sprüche; Sprichwort
examine - untersuchen, prüfen, befragen
jewellery - Schmuck
precious - kostbar, wertvoll, süßlich, kitschig
stones - Steine; Stein, Stein, Edelstein, t+Schmuckstein, Stein, Kern
values - Wert, Wert, Wichtigkeit, Wert, Notenwert, Wert, Tonwert, Wert
unacquainted - Unbekannt
himabout - Er
contradict - widersprechen
Thus ends the ways of making the acquaintance of the woman desired.
Now after a girl has become acquainted with the man as above described,and has manifested her love to him by the various outward signs; and bythe motions of her body, the man should make every effort to gain herover. But as girls are not acquainted with sexual union, they should betreated with the greatest delicacy, and the man should proceed withconsiderable caution, though in the case of other women, accustomed tosexual intercourse, this is not necessary. When the intentions of thegirl are known, and her bashfulness put aside, the man should begin tomake use of her money, and an interchange of clothes, rings, and flowersshould be made. In this the man should take particular care that thethings given by him are handsome and valuable.
betreated - betreut
delicacy - Feinheit, Zartheit, Delikatesse, Leckerbissen, Köstlichkeit
tosexual - tosexuell
put aside - beiseite legen, zurücklegen
interchange - Umsteigen; Autobahnkreuz
flowersshould - Blumen sollten
thethings - dieDinge
valuable - wertvoll; Wertgegenstand, Wertsache
He should moreoverreceive from her a mixture of betel nut and betel leaves, and when he isgoing to a party he should ask for the flower in her hair, or for theflower in her hand. If he himself gives her a flower it should be asweet smelling one, and marked with marks made by his nails or teeth.With increasing assiduity he should dispel her fears, and by degrees gether to go with him to some lonely place, and there he should embrace andkiss her. And finally at the time of giving her some betel nut, or ofreceiving the same from her, or at the time of making an exchange offlowers, he should touch and press her private parts, thus bringing hisefforts to a satisfactory conclusion.
moreoverreceive - darüber hinaus erhalten
isgoing - geht
theflower - dieBlume
assiduity - Beflissenheit; Fleiß
fears - Ängste; fürchten, befürchten, Angst haben; Furcht, Schreck
gether - zusammenzubringen
ofreceiving - zu erhalten
Exchange - austauschen, umtauschen, tauschen
hisefforts - seine Bemühungen
satisfactory - befriedigend, zufriedenstellend
When a man is endeavouring to seduce one woman, he should not attempt toseduce any other at the same time. But after he had succeeded with thefirst, and enjoyed her for a considerable time, he can keep heraffections by giving her presents that she likes, and then commencemaking up to another woman. When a man sees the husband of a woman goingto some place near his house, he should not enjoy the woman then, eventhough she may be easily gained over at that time.
succeeded - erfolgreich; nachfolgen, gelingen, geraten, nachfolgen
heraffections - ihreAuswirkungen
commencemaking - Einleiten
goingto - gehen
eventhough - obwohl
A wise man having aregard for his reputation should not think of seducing a woman who isapprehensive, timid, not to be trusted, well guarded, or possessed of afather-in-law, or mother-in-law.
guarded - bewacht; Wächter, Parierstange, Schutz, schützen, bewachen
afather - ein Vater
EXAMINATION OF THE STATE OF A WOMAN'S MIND.
When a man is trying to gain over a woman he should examine the state ofher mind, and acts as follows.
If she listens to him, but does not manifest to him in any way her ownintentions, he should then try to gain her over by means of ago-between.
listens to - hört
ownintentions - eigene Absichten
If she meets him once, and again comes to meet him better dressed thanbefore, or comes to him in some lonely place, he should be certain thatshe is capable of being enjoyed by the use of a little force.
thanbefore - als zuvor
A womanwho lets a man make up to her, but does not give herself up, even aftera long time, should be considered as a trifler in love, but owing to thefickleness of the human mind, even such a woman can be conquered byalways keeping up a close acquaintance with her.
womanwho - FrauWer
aftera - nach einem
trifler - Tändler
thefickleness - die Wankelmütigkeit
byalways - immer
When a woman avoids the attentions of a man, and on account of respectfor him, and pride in herself, will not meet him or approach him, shecan be gained over with difficulty, either by endeavouring to keep onfamiliar terms with her, or else by an exceedingly clever go-between.
avoids - vermeidet; ausweichen, meiden, fernbleiben, vermeiden
attentions - Aufmerksamkeiten; Aufmerksamkeit, Beachtung, Wachsamkeit
respectfor - Respekt für
shecan - Sie kann
onfamiliar - vertraut
exceedingly - übermäßig; überaus, äußerst, außerordentlich, ungemein
When a man makes up to a woman, and she reproaches him with harsh words,she should be abandoned at once.
reproaches - Vorwürfe; Vorwurf, Schande, vorwerfen
When a woman reproaches a man, but at the same time acts affectionatelytowards him, she should be made love to in every way.
affectionatelytowards - zärtlich zu
A woman who meets a man in lonely places, and puts up with the touch ofhis foot, but pretends, on account of the indecision of her mind, not tobe aware of it, should be conquered by patience, and by continuedefforts as follows:
puts up with - (put up with) hingenommen
indecision - Unentschlossenheit, Unschlüssigkeit
aware - wachsam, gewahr, bewusst, checkgewahr
patience - Geduld
continuedefforts - fortgesetzte Bemühungen
If she happens to go to sleep in his vicinity he should put his left armround her, and see when she awakes whether she repulses him in reality,or only repulses him in such a way as if she were desirous of the samething being done to her again. And what is done by the arm can also bedone by the foot. If the man succeeds in this point he should embraceher more closely, and if she will not stand the embrace and gets up, butbehaves with him as usual the next day, he should consider then that sheis not unwilling to be enjoyed by him.
vicinity - Nähe; Nachbarschaft, Umgebung
armround - Armrunde
awakes - erwacht; munter, wach; erwachen, aufwachen
repulses - abstößt; zurückschlagen, abweisen
desirous - begehrt
samething - etwas
embraceher - umarmen
gets up - (get up) emporkommen, aufstehen
butbehaves - aber verhält sich
If however she does not appearagain, the man should try to get over her by means of a go-between; andif, after having disappeared for some time she again appears, andbehaves with him as usual, the man should then consider that she wouldnot object to be united with him.
appearagain - wieder erscheinen
andif - und wenn
disappeared - verschwunden; verschwinden, entschwinden
andbehaves - und benimmt sich
wouldnot - oder nicht
When a woman gives a man an opportunity, and makes her own love manifestto him, he should proceed to enjoy her. And the signs of a womanmanifesting her love are these:
womanmanifesting - frauenbewegend
1. She calls out to a man without being addressed by him in the firstinstance.
firstinstance - in erster Instanz
2. She shows herself to him in secret places.
3. She speaks to him tremblingly and inarticulately.
tremblingly - zitternd
inarticulately - unartikuliert
4. She has the fingers of her hand, and the toes of her feet moistenedwith perspiration, and her face blooming with delight.
moistenedwith - befeuchtet
perspiration - Schwitzen
blooming - blühen; Blüte, Blütenpracht, Duft
5. She occupies herself with shampooing his body and pressing his head.
occupies - in Anspruch nehmen, belegen, bewohnen, besetzen, okkupieren
6. When shampooing him she works with one hand only, and with the othershe touches and embraces parts of his body.
othershe - andere er
7. She remains with both hands placed on his body motionless as if shehad been surprised by something, or was overcome by fatigue.
motionless - unbeweglich, reglos, bewegungslos
shehad - Sie hatte
surprised - überrascht; Überraschung, Überraschung
8. She sometimes bends down her face upon his thighs, and when asked toshampoo them does not manifest any unwillingness to do so.
unwillingness - Unwilligkeit
9. She places one of her hands quite motionless on his body, and eventhough the man should press it between two members of his body, she doesnot remove it for a long time.
10. Lastly, when she has resisted all the efforts of the man to gain herover, she returns to him next day to shampoo his body as before.
resisted - widerstanden; widerstreben, widerstehen, widerstreiten
When a woman neither gives encouragement to a man, nor avoids him, buthides herself and remains in some lonely place, she must be got at bymeans of the female servant who may be near her. If when called by theman she acts in the same way, then she should be gained over by means ofa skilful go-between. But if she will have nothing to say to the man, heshould consider well about her before he begins any further attempts togain her over.
buthides - Verstecken
skilful - gewandt, gekonnt, geschickt, erfahren
togain - zu gewinnen
Thus ends the examination of the state of a woman's mind.
A man should first get himself introduced to a woman, and then carry ona conversation with her. He should give her hints of his love for her,and if he finds from her replies that she receives these hintsfavourably, he should then set to work to gain her over without anyfear. A woman who shows her love by outward signs to the man at hisfirst interview should be gained over very easily. In the same way alascivious woman, who when addressed in loving words replies openly inwords expressive of her love, should be considered to have been gainedover at that very moment.
hintsfavourably - tippsgünstig
anyfear - keine Angst
hisfirst - seine erste
alascivious - jähzornig
With regard to all women, whether they bewise, simple, or confiding, this rule is laid down that those who makean open manifestation of their love are easily gained over.
bewise - weise
confiding - vertrauensvoll; vertrauen, einweihen, ins Vertrauen ziehen
ABOUT THE BUSINESS OF A GO-BETWEEN.
If a woman has manifested her love or desire, either by signs or bymotions of her body, and is afterwards rarely or never seen any where,or if a woman is met for the first time, the man should get a go-betweento approach her.
rarely - selten
Now the go-between, having wheedled herself into the confidence of thewoman by acting according to her disposition, should try to make herhate or despise her husband by holding artful conversations with her, bytelling her about medicines for getting children, by talking to herabout other people, by tales of various kinds, by stories about thewives of other men, and by praising her beauty, wisdom, generosity, andgood nature, and then saying to her: "It is indeed a pity that you, whoare so excellent a woman in every way, should be possessed of a husbandof this kind. Beautiful lady, he is not fit even to serve you.
wheedled - beschwatzt; überreden, beschwatzen, umschmeicheln, schmeicheln
despise - verachten
artful - kunstvoll; geschickt, trickreich
herabout - worüber
praising - anpreisend, lobend; (praise); Lob; loben, preisen
andgood - undGut
pity - Mitleid; schade; bemitleiden, Mitleid haben mit
husbandof - Ehemann von
lady - Herrin des Hauses, Hausherrin, Ehefrau des Hausherrn
Thego-between should further talk to the woman about the weakness of thepassion of her husband, his jealousy, his roguery, his ingratitude, hisaversion to enjoyments, his dullness, his meanness, and all the otherfaults that he may have, and with which she may be acquainted. Sheshould particularly harp upon that fault or that failing by which thewife may appear to be the most affected. If the wife be a deer woman,and the husband a hare man, then there would be no fault in thatdirection, but in the event of his being a hare man, and she a marewoman or elephant woman, then this fault should be pointed out to her.
roguery - Schurkerei; Gaunerei
ingratitude - Undankbarkeit; Undank
hisaversion - seine Abneigung
dullness - Langweiligkeit; Unlust, Dummheit
meanness - Gemeinheit, Fiesheit, gemeines Benehmen
otherfaults - andere Fehler
harp - Harfe; auf (etwas) herumreiten
thewife - die Ehefrau
most affected - affektierteste
thatdirection - diese Richtung
marewoman - Stutenfrau
Gonikaputra is of opinion that when it is the first affair of the woman,or when her love has only been very secretly shown, the man should thensecure and send to her a go-between, with whom she may be alreadyacquainted, and in whom she confides.
thensecure - dann sicher
send to - richten an (adressieren)
alreadyacquainted - schon kennen
But to return to our subject. The go-between should tell the woman aboutthe obedience and love of the man, and as her confidence and affectionincrease, she should then explain to her the thing to be accomplished inthe following way. "Hear this, Oh beautiful lady, that this man, born ofa good family, having seen you, has gone mad on your account. The pooryoung man, who is tender by nature, has never been distressed in such away before, and it is highly probable that he will succumb under hispresent affliction, and experience the pains of death." If the womanlistens with a favourable ear, then on the following day the go-between,having observed marks of good spirits in her face, in her eyes, and inher manner of conversation, should again converse with her on thesubject of the man, and should tell her the stories of Ahalya[59] andIndra, of Sakoontala[60] and Dushyanti, and such others as may be fittedfor the occasion.
affectionincrease - Zunahme der Zuneigung
mad - wahnsinnig, verrückt, toll, irre
by nature - von Natur aus
probable - glaubhaft, wahrscheinlich
succumb - erliegen, nachgeben, unterwerfen, sich ergeben, sterben
hispresent - sein Geschenk
pains - Schmerzen; Qual, Stich (Schmerz), Schmerz
womanlistens - Frau hört zu
spirits - Geister; Geist, Seele, Geist, Stimmung, Schnaps, qualifier
inher - erben
andIndra - undIndra
fittedfor - angepasst
She should also describe to her the strength of theman, his talents, his skill in the sixty-four sorts of enjoymentsmentioned by Babhravya, his good looks, and his liaison with somepraiseworthy woman, no matter whether this last ever took place or not.
sorts - Sorten; Sortierung, Gattung, Art, Sorte; sortieren, ordnen
enjoymentsmentioned - genossen werden
liaison - Kontaktperson; Zusammenarbeit, Verbindung, Liaison, Liebschaft
somepraiseworthy - etwas lobenswertes
In addition to this, the go-between should carefully note the behaviourof the woman, which if favourable would be as follows: She would addressher with a smiling look, would seat herself close beside her, and askher, "Where have you been? What have you been doing? Where did you dine?Where did you sleep? Where have you been sitting?" Moreover the womanwould meet the go-between in lonely places and tell her stories there,would yawn contemplatively, draw long sighs, give her presents, rememberher on occasions of festivals, dismiss her with a wish to see her again,and say to her jestingly, "Oh, well-speaking woman, why do you speakthese bad words to me?
behaviourof - Verhalten von
addressher - Adressat
smiling - lächelnd; (smile); Lächeln
beside - daneben; neben
womanwould - Frau würde
contemplatively - kontemplativ
rememberher - Erinnern Sie sich an sie
dismiss - entlassen; abweisen, einstellen, zurückweisen
jestingly - scherzhaft
speakthese - Sprechen Sie diese
would discourse on the sin of her union with theman, would not tell her about any previous visits or conversations thatshe may have had with him, but wish to be asked about these, and lastlywould laugh at the man's desire, but would not reproach him in any way.
lastlywould - zuletzt würde
reproach - Vorwürfe; Vorwurf; Schande; vorwerfen
Thus ends the behaviour of the woman with the go-between.
The followers of Babhravya on the other hand affirm that even thoughthey be personally unacquainted, but have shown each other signs ofaffection there is an occasion for the employment of a go-between.Gonikaputra asserts that a go-between should be employed, provided theyare acquainted with each other, even though no signs of affection mayhave passed between them.
affirm - zustimmen, bejahen, bestätigen, unterstützen
thoughthey - gedacht
personally - persönlich, personaliter
ofaffection - der Zuneigung
employment - Anstellung; Beschäftigung, Erwerbstätigkeit, Arbeit, Gebrauch
asserts - behauptet; versichern, zusichern, beteuern, beteuern, beteuern
provided - zur Verfügung gestellt; sorgen, den Unterhalt sichern, besorgen
Vatsyayana however lays it down that eventhough they may not be personally acquainted with each other, and maynot have shown each other any signs of affection, still they are bothcapable of placing confidence in a go-between.
maynot - Oder nicht
bothcapable - beide fähig
Now the go-between should show the woman the presents, such as the betelnut and betel leaves, the perfumes, the flowers, and the rings which theman may have given to her for the sake of the woman, and on thesepresents should be impressed the marks of the man's teeth, and nails,and other signs. On the cloth that he may send he should draw withsaffron both his hands joined together as if in earnest entreaty.
thesepresents - diese Präsente
withsaffron - mit Safran
entreaty - Bitten; Flehen
The go-between should also show to the woman ornamental figures ofvarious kinds cut in leaves, together with ear ornaments, and chapletsmade of flowers containing love letters expressive of the desire of theman,[61] and she should cause her to send affectionate presents to theman in return. After they have mutually accepted each other's presents,then a meeting should be arranged between them on the faith of thego-between.
ornamental - Zier-, dekorativ, Zierpflanze
chapletsmade - Kränze gemacht
arranged - vereinbart; arrangieren, systematisieren, aufstellen, ordnen
Faith - Glaube; Vertrauen
The followers of Babhravya say that this meeting should take place atthe time of going to the temple of a Deity, or on occasions of fairs,garden parties, theatrical performances, marriages, sacrifices,festivals and funerals, as also at the time of going to the river tobathe, or at times of natural calamities,[62] fear of robbers or hostileinvasions of the country.
theatrical - theatralisch, Theater
performances - Leistungen; Durchführung, Leistung, Leistung, Aufführung
calamities - Kalamitäten; Unheil
robbers - Räuber, Räuberin
hostileinvasions - feindliche Invasionen
Gonikaputra is of opinion however that these meetings had better bebrought about in the abodes of female friends, mendicants, astrologers,and ascetics.
meetings - Versammlung, Treffen, Sitzung
astrologers - Astrologen; Astrologe, Astrologin, Sterndeuter, Sterndeuterin
ascetics - Asketen; asketisch, Asket, Asketin
But Vatsyayana decides that that place is only well suitedfor the purpose which has proper means of ingress and egress, and wherearrangements have been made to prevent any accidental occurrence, andwhen a man who has once entered the house, can also leave it at theproper time without any disagreeable encounter.
suitedfor - geeignet für
ingress - eindringen; Eintritt; Zutritt, Eintrittsrecht, Eingang, Zugang
egress - Ausstieg; Ausgang
wherearrangements - wohin soll es gehen
accidental - versehentlich, zufällig, Zufall, Versehen
Occurrence - Vorkommen; Vorfall
entered - eingegeben; reingehen, hineingehen, hereingehen, eintreten
disagreeable - unangenehm, unsympathisch
encounter - mit etw. in Berührung kommen;entgegentreten, sich begegnen, treffen auf;Begegnung , Treffen , Zusammenstoß
Now go-betweens or female messengers are of the following differentkinds, viz.:
differentkinds - verschiedene Arten
(1). A go-between who takes upon herself the whole burden of thebusiness.
burden - Belastung; Refrain, Last, Möller (Hüttenwesen); belasten
(2). A go-between who does only a limited part of the business.
(3). A go-between who is the bearer of a letter only.
bearer - Träger, Trägerin, Inhaber, Inhaberin
(4). A go-between acting on her own account.
acting on - einwirkend
(5). The go-between of an innocent young woman.
innocent - rein; unschuldig
(6). A wife serving as a go-between.
(7). A mute go-between.
mute - stumm; sprachlos; abdämpfen, dämpfen
(8). A go-between who acts the part of the wind.
wind - aufspulen, rollen, blasen, aufwickeln, abspulen
(1). A woman who, having observed the mutual passion of a man and woman,brings them together and arranges it by the power of her own intellect,such an one is called a go-between who takes upon herself the wholeburden of the business. This kind of go-between is chiefly employed whenthe man and the woman are already acquainted with each other, and haveconversed together, and in such cases she is sent not only by the man(as is always done in all other cases) but by the woman also.
arranges - arrangiert; arrangieren, systematisieren, aufstellen, ordnen
wholeburden - ganze Last
chiefly - hauptsächlich
haveconversed - haben sich ausgetauscht
-The abovename is also given to a go-between who, perceiving that the man and thewoman are suited to each other, tries to bring about a union betweenthem, even though they be not acquainted with each other.
perceiving - wahrnehmend, merkend; (perceive); wahrnehmen
suited - geeignet; Anzug, Anzugträger, Farbe, passen, passen
betweenthem - zwischen den beiden
(2). A go-between who, perceiving that some part of the affair isalready done, or that the advances on the part of the man are alreadymade, completes the rest of the business, is called a go-between whoperforms only a limited part of the business.
isalready - ist bereits
advances - Vorschüsse; erhöhen, erheben, befördern, vorrücken, Fortschritt
alreadymade - schon gemacht
whoperforms - Wer macht das
(3). A go-between, who simply carries messages between a man and awoman, who love each other, but who cannot frequently meet, is calledthe bearer of a letter or message.
This name is also given to one who is sent by either of the lovers toacquaint either the one or the other with the time and place of theirmeeting.
toacquaint - kennenzulernen
theirmeeting - ihr Treffen
(4). A woman who goes herself to a man, and tells him of her havingenjoyed sexual union with him in a dream, and expresses her anger at hiswife having rebuked him for calling her by the name of her rival insteadof by her own name, and gives him something bearing the marks of herteeth and nails, and informs him that she knew she was formerly desiredby him, and asks him privately whether she or his wife is the bestlooking, such a person is called a woman who is a go-between forherself.
rebuked - getadelt; Tadel, Anschiss, Rüge, Schelte, Zurechtweisung
insteadof - anstelle von
bearing - tragend, Manieren, Lager (Maschinenbau); (bear) tragend
informs - informiert; benachrichtigen, mitteilen, informieren
desiredby - gewünscht
bestlooking - bestaussehend
forherself - für sich selbst
Now such a woman should be met and interviewed by the man inprivate and secretly.
inprivate - inprivat
The above name is also given to a woman who having made an agreementwith some other woman to act as her go-between, gains over the man toherself, by the means of making him personally acquainted with herself,and thus causes the other woman to fail. The same applies to a man who,acting as a go-between for another, and having no previous connectionwith the woman, gains her over for himself, and thus causes the failureof the other man.
agreementwith - Vereinbarung mit
toherself - zu sich selbst
acting as - dienend
connectionwith - Verbindung mit
failureof - Versagen von
(5). A woman, who has gained the confidence of the innocent young wifeof any man, and who has learned her secrets without exercising anypressure on her mind, and found out from her how her husband behaves toher, if this woman then teaches her the art of securing his favour, anddecorates her so as to show her love, and instructs her how and when tobe angry, or to pretend to be so, and then, having herself made marks ofthe nails and teeth on the body of the wife, gets the latter to send forher husband to show these marks to him, and thus excite him forenjoyment, such is called the go-between of an innocent young woman.
wifeof - Frau von
anypressure - irgendeinen Druck
behaves - verhält; benehmen
securing - sicher, geschützt, beschützt, sicher, geschützt, sicher, sicher
anddecorates - unddekoriert
instructs - anweist; instruieren, briefen, anweisen
Insuch cases the man should send replies to his wife through the samewoman.
samewoman - Gleiche Frau
(6). When a man gets his wife to gain the confidence of a woman whom hewants to enjoy, and to call on her and talk to her about the wisdom andability of her husband, that wife is called a wife serving as ago-between. In this case the feelings of the woman with regard to theman should also be made known through the wife.
hewants - er will
call on - jdn. aufsuchen;heranziehen (zu Diensten)
andability - undbarkeit
(7). When any man sends a girl or a female servant to any woman undersome pretext or other, and places a letter in her bouquet of flowers, orin her ear ornaments, or marks something about her with his teeth ornails, that girl or female servant is called a mute go-between. In thiscase the man should expect an answer from the woman through the sameperson.
undersome - unterdurchschnittlich
bouquet - Blumenstrauß, Bouquet
ornails - oderNägel
thiscase - dieser Fall
expect - erwarten
sameperson - dieselbe Person
(8). A person, who carries a message to a woman, which has a doublemeaning, or which relates to some past transactions, or which isunintelligible to other people, is called a go-between who acts the partof the wind. In this case the reply should be asked for through the samewoman.
doublemeaning - Doppelbedeutung
relates - Beziehungen; sich beziehen, erzählen, berichten
transactions - Transaktionen; Geschäftsabwicklung, Geschäftsdurchführung
isunintelligible - ist unverständlich
Thus end the different kinds of go-betweens.
A female astrologer, a female servant, a female beggar, or a femaleartist are well acquainted with the business of a go-between, and verysoon gain the confidence of other women. Any one of them can raiseenmity between any two persons if she wishes to do so, or extol theloveliness of any woman that she wishes to praise, or describe the artspractised by other women in sexual union.
astrologer - Astrologe, Astrologin, Sterndeuter, Sterndeuterin
femaleartist - Frauenrechtlerin
verysoon - sehr bald
artspractised - Kunst praktiziert
They can also speak highly ofthe love of a man, of his skill in sexual enjoyment, and of the desireof other women, more beautiful even than the woman they are addressing,for him, and explain the restraint under which he may be at home.
more beautiful - schönere
restraint - Zurückhaltung; Beschränkung, Zügelung, Einschränkung, Zwang
Lastly a go-between can, by the artfulness of her conversation unite awoman with a man, even though he may not have been thought of by her, ormay have been considered beyond his aspirations. She can also bring backa man to a woman, who, owing to some cause or other, has separatedhimself from her.
artfulness - Kunstfertigkeit; List
ormay - oder darf
beyond - darüber hinaus; jenseits
aspirations - Bestrebungen; Aufsaugung, Einsaugung
separatedhimself - sich selbst getrennt
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 59: The wife of the sage Gautama, she was seduced by Indra theking of the Gods.]
[Footnote 60: The heroine of one of the best, if not the best, of Hindooplays, and the best known in Sanscrit dramatic literature. It was firstbrought to notice by Sir William Jones, and has been well and poeticallytranslated by Dr. Monier Williams under the title of Sakoontala, or thelost ring, an Indian drama, translated into English prose and verse fromthe Sanscrit of Kalidasa.]
heroine - Heldin, Heroine
dramatic - dramatisch
firstbrought - Erstmals mitgebracht
poeticallytranslated - poetischübersetzt
Williams - Wilhelm
prose - Prosa
[Footnote 61: It is presumed that something like the following Frenchverses are intended.
intended - beabsichtigt; gedacht; (intend); beabsichtigen, vorhaben
Quand on a juré le plus profond hommage Voulez-vous qu'infidè le on change de langage Vous seule captive mon esprit ou mon coeur Que je puisse dans vos bras seuls goûter le bonheur; Je voudrais, mais en vain, que mon coeur en délire Couche où ce papier n'oserait vous dire. Avec soin, de ces vers lisez leur premiers mots, Vous verrez quel remède il faut à tous mes maux.
plus - plus; positiv
profond - profund
captive - Gefangener, Gefangene
esprit - Esprit
dans - Dan
Bras - BHs; (bra) BHs
Couche - Couch
dire - schrecklich; düster, böse, fatal, verzweifelt, händeringend
ces - n. Chr. (''nach Christus, nach Christo''), n. Chr. Geb
premiers - Premieren; Ministerpräzident
mots - Wort
Or these:
Quand on vous voit, on vous aime; Quand on vous aime, oĂą vous voit-on.]
[Footnote 62: It is supposed that storms, earthquakes, famines andpestilent diseases are here alluded to.]
storms - stürmen; Sturm
earthquakes - Erdbeben
famines - Hungersnöte; Hungersnot, Hunger, Hungersnot, Hunger
alluded - angedeutet; andeuten, erwähnen
ABOUT THE LOVE OF PERSONS IN AUTHORITY FOR THE WIVES OF OTHER MEN.
The head man of the village, the King's officer employed there, and theman[63] whose business it is to glean corn, can gain over femalevillagers simply by asking them. It is on this account that this classof woman are called unchaste women by voluptuaries.
officer - Funktionär, Funktionärin, Beamter, Beamtin, Offizier, Offizierin
glean - nachlesen; stoppeln, sammeln
femalevillagers - weibliche Dorfbewohner
The union of the above mentioned men with this class of woman takesplace on the occasions of unpaid labour, of filling the granaries intheir houses, of taking things in and out of the house, of cleaning thehouses, of working in the fields, and of purchasing cotton, wool, flax,hemp, and thread, and at the season of the purchase, sale, and exchangeof various other articles, as well as at the time of doing various otherworks. In the same way the superintendents of cow pens enjoy the womenin the cow pens; and the officers, who have the superintendence ofwidows, of the women who are without supporters, and of women who haveleft their husbands, have sexual intercourse with these women.
above mentioned - obenerwähnt, oben erwähnt
takesplace - findet statt
labour - Arbeit; Arbeiter; gebären; arbeiten
granaries - Getreidespeicher, Kornhaus
intheir - in ihnen
thehouses - die Häuser
purchasing - Einkauf, Kauf, Kauf, Anschaffung, Anschaffung, kaufen
Wool - Wolle
flax - Flachs, Lein, Flachsfaser, Leinen
hemp - Hanf
season - Jahreszeit, Saison; abschmecken (würzen), würzen
sale - Vertrieb, Verkauf; verkaufen
exchangeof - Austausch von
otherworks - andere Werke
superintendents - Superintendenten; Leiter
womenin - Frauen in
superintendence - Oberaufsicht
ofwidows - von Witwen
supporters - Unterstützer, Unterstützerin, Anhänger, Anhängerin
haveleft - verlassen haben
Theintelligent accomplish their object by wandering at night in thevillage, and while villagers also unite with the wives of their sons,being much alone with them. Lastly the superintendents of markets have agreat deal to do with the female villagers at the time of their makingpurchases in the market.
wandering - wandernd; (wander) irren, wandern
villagers - Dorfbewohner, Dorfbewohnerin, Dörfler, Dörflerin
agreat - großartig
makingpurchases - Einkäufe tätigen
During the festival of the eighth moon, _i.e._, during the bright halfof the month of Nargashirsha, as also during the moonlight festival ofthe month of Kartika, and the spring festival of Chaitra, the women ofcities and towns generally visit the women of the King's harem in theroyal palace. These visitors go to the several apartments of the womenof the harem, as they are acquainted with them, and pass the night inconversation, and in proper sports, and amusement, and go away in themorning. On such occasions a female attendant of the King (previouslyacquainted with the woman whom the King desires), should loiter about,and accost this woman when she sets out to go home, and induce her tocome and see the amusing things in the palace. Previous to thesefestivals even, she should have caused it to be intimated to this womanthat on the occasion of this festival she would show her all theinteresting things in the royal palace. Accordingly she should show herthe bower of the coral creeper, the garden house with its floor inlaidwith precious stones, the bower of grapes, the building on the water,the secret passages in the walls of the palace, the pictures, thesporting animals, the machines, the birds, and the cages of the lionsand the tigers. After this, when alone with her, she should tell herabout the love of the King for her, and should describe to her the goodfortune which would attend upon her union with the King, giving her atthe time a strict promise of secrecy.
halfof - die Hälfte
ofcities - der Städte
womenof - Frauen von
pass the night - nächtige
inconversation - Unterredung
previouslyacquainted - vorher kennengelernt
loiter - herumlungern; rumlungern, rumhängen, herumhängen, abhängen
accost - ansprechen
sets out - (set out) ausgesetzt
tocome - zu kommen
thesefestivals - diese Feste
intimated - angedeutet; vertraut, innig, intim, vorsichtig andeuten
womanthat - Die Frau, die
theinteresting - das Interessante
accordingly - dementsprechend; logischerweise
inlaidwith - mit eingelegt
grapes - Weintrauben; Traube, Weintraube, Weinbeere
passages - Passagen; Durchfahrt, Ăśbergang, Gang
thesporting - das Sportliche
lionsand - Löwe und
tigers - Tiger
goodfortune - Glück
strict - streng
promise - Versprechen
secrecy - Geheimhaltung; Geheimniskrämerei, Geheimnistuerei
If the woman does not accept theoffer, she should conciliate and please her with handsome presentsbefitting the position of the King, and having accompanied her for somedistance should dismiss her with great affection.
Accept - annehmen, abnehmen, akzeptieren, aufnehmen
theoffer - das Angebot
conciliate - beschwichtigen
presentsbefitting - Geschenkepassend
somedistance - etwas Abstand
(2). Or, having made the acquaintance of the husband of the woman whomthe King desires, the wives of the King should get the wife to pay thema visit in the harem, and on this occasion a female attendant of theKing, having been sent thither, should act as above described.
thither - dorthin, dahin
(3). Or, one of the King's wives should get acquainted with the womanthat the King desires, by sending one of the female attendants to her,who should, on their becoming more intimate, induce her to come and seethe royal abode. Afterwards, when she has visited the harem, andacquired confidence, a female confidante of the King, sent thither,should act as before described.
get acquainted with - bekannt werden mit
more intimate - innigere
seethe - kochen, sieden, schäumen, sprudeln
andacquired - underworben
confidante - Mitwisser; Vertraute
(4). Or, the King's wife should invite the woman, whom the King desires,to come to the royal palace, so that she might see the practice of theart in which the King's wife may be skilled, and after she has come tothe harem, a female attendant of the King, sent thither, should act asbefore described.
theart - die Kunst
asbefore - wie vorher
(5). Or, a female beggar, in league with the King's wife, should say tothe woman desired by the King, and whose husband may have lost hiswealth, or may have some cause of fear from the King: "This wife of theKing has influence over him, and she is, moreover, naturallykind-hearted, we must therefore go to her in this matter. I shallarrange for your entrance into the harem, and she will do away with allcause of danger and fear from the King.
League - Liga, Spielklasse, Bund
hiswealth - seinen Reichtum
naturallykind - natürlich
hearted - herzlichen; Herz, Herzstück
shallarrange - anordnen soll
If the woman accepts thisoffer, the female beggar should take her two or three times to theharem, and the King's wife there should give her a promise ofprotection. After this, when the woman, delighted with her reception andpromise of protection, again goes to the harem, then a female attendantof the King, sent thither, should act as directed.
thisoffer - dieses Angebot
ofprotection - des Schutzes
delighted - erfreut; Freude, Entzückung, Wohlgefallen
reception - Aufnahme, Empfang, Rezeption, checkAufnahme
andpromise - undVersprechen
as directed - weisungsgemäß
(6).
What has been said above regarding the wife of one who has somecause of fear from the King applies also to the wives of those who seekservice under the King, or who are oppressed by the King's ministers, orwho are poor, or who are not satisfied with their position, or who aredesirous of gaining the King's favour, or who wish to become famousamong the people, or who are oppressed by the members of their owncaste, or who want to injure their caste fellows, or who are spies ofthe King, or who have any other object to attain.
somecause - Warum
seekservice - Suchdienst
oppressed - unterdrückt; unterdrücken
famousamong - berühmt-berüchtigt
injure - verletzen
fellows - Kameraden; Stipendiat, Typ, Kerl, Bursche; Gefährte, Kerl
spies - Spione; Spion, Spionin, Spitzel, ausspionieren, erspähen
attain - erreichen, erlangen
(7). Lastly, if the woman desired by the King be living with some personwho is not her husband, then the King should cause her to be arrested,and having made her a slave, on account of her crime, should place herin the harem. Or the King should cause his ambassador to quarrel withthe husband of the woman desired by him, and should then imprison her asthe wife of an enemy of the King, and by this means should place her inthe harem.
personwho - Wer ist die Person
arrested - verhaftet; Verhaftung, Festnahme, Arrest, arretieren
slave - Sklave, Sklavin, Sexsklave
crime - Straftat; Verbrechen; Kriminalität
ambassador - Botschafter, Botschafterin
imprison - Gefangenschaft; einsperren, einkerkern
by this means - auf diese Weise
Thus end the means of gaining over the wives of others secretly.
The above mentioned ways of gaining over the wives of other men arechiefly practised in the palaces of Kings. But a King should never enterthe abode of another person, for Abhira,[64] the King of the Kottas waskilled by a washerman while in the house of another, and in the same wayJayasana the King of the Kashis was slain by the commandment of hiscavalry.
arechiefly - chiefly
palaces - Paläste; Palast; Schloss
waskilled - getötet wurde
slain - erschlagen
commandment - Gebot
hiscavalry - seine Kavallerie
But according to the customs of some countries there are facilities forKings to make love to the wives of other men. Thus in the country of theAndras[65] the newly married daughters of the people thereof enter theKing's harem with some presents on the tenth day of their marriage, andhaving been enjoyed by the King are then dismissed. In the country ofthe Vatsagulmas[66] the wives of the chief ministers approach the Kingat night to serve him. In the country of the Vaidarbhas[67] thebeautiful wives of the inhabitants pass a month in the King's haremunder the pretence of affection for the King.
facilities - Einrichtungen; Leichtigkeit, Einrichtung, Vorrichtung, Anlage
forKings - fürKönige
make love - Liebe machen
newly - neu
inhabitants - Einwohner, Einwohnerin, Bewohner, Bewohnerin
In the country of theAparatakas[68] the people gave their beautiful wives as presents to theministers and the Kings. And lastly in the country of theSaurashtras[69] the women of the city and the country enter the royalharem for the King's pleasure either together or separately.
theministers - den Ministerien
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The above and other ways are the means employed in different countriesby Kings with regard to the wives of other persons. But a King, who hasthe welfare of his people at heart, should not on any account put theminto practice."
countriesby - Länderspiel
hasthe - hast die
at heart - im Grunde genommen, im Innersten
theminto - in sie hinein
"A King who has conquered the six[70] enemies of mankind, becomes themaster of the whole earth."
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 63: This is a phrase used for a man who does the work ofeverybody, and who is fed by the whole village.]
ofeverybody - vonjedem
fed - abgefütterte, gefüttert; (feed) abgefütterte, gefüttert
[Footnote 64: The exact date of the reign of these kings is not known.It is supposed to have been about the beginning of the Christian era.]
reign - Herrschaft, Regentschaft, herrschen, regieren
[Footnote 65: The modern country of Tailangam, which is to the South ofRajamundry.]
ofRajamundry - vonRajamundry
[Footnote 66: Supposed to be a tract of the country to the south ofMalwa.]
tract - Traktat; Gebiet, Teil
ofMalwa - vonMalwa
[Footnote 67: Now known by the name of Berar. Its capital wasKundinpura, which has been identified with the modern Oomravati.]
wasKundinpura - warKundinpura
identified - identifiziert; identifizieren, gleichsetzen, identifizieren
[Footnote 68: Also called Aparantakas, being the northern and southernConcan.]
Northern - Nordisch; nördlich, Nord
[Footnote 69: The modern provinces of Katteeawar. Its capital was calledGirinaguda, or the modern Junagurh.]
calledGirinaguda - genanntGirinaguda
[Footnote 70: These are Lust, Anger, Avarice, Spiritual Ignorance,Pride, and Envy.]
spiritual - spirituell; geistig
envy - Neid; beneiden
ABOUT THE WOMEN OF THE ROYAL HAREM; AND OF THE KEEPING OF ONE'S OWNWIFE.
The women of the royal harem cannot see or meet any men on account oftheir being strictly guarded, neither do they have their desiressatisfied, because their only husband is common to many wives. For thisreason among themselves they give pleasure to each other in various waysas now described.
strictly - strenges, grundsätzlich, pingelig
desiressatisfied - Sehnsüchte befriedigt
thisreason - diesen Grund
give pleasure - Vergnügen bereiten (machen)
Having dressed the daughters of their nurses, or their female friends,or their female attendants, like men, they accomplish their object bymeans of bulbs, roots, and fruits having the form of the Lingam, or theylie down upon the statue of a male figure, in which the Lingam isvisible and erect.
bulbs - Glühbirnen; Zwiebel
roots - wurzeln; Haupt, Wurzel, Nullstelle [math.]
theylie - Sie lieben
statue - Statue, Standbild
isvisible - sichtbar ist
Some Kings, who are compassionate, take or apply certain medicines toenable them to enjoy many wives in one night, simply for the purpose ofsatisfying the desire of their women, though they perhaps have no desireof their own. Others enjoy with great affection only those wives thatthey particularly like, while others only take them according as theturn of each wife arrives in due course.
compassionate - mitfühlend; mitleidig
toenable - deaktivieren
ofsatisfying - vonbefriedigend
theturn - die Wende
due - fällig
Such are the ways of enjoymentprevalent in Eastern countries, and what is said about the means ofenjoyment of the female is also applicable to the male.
enjoymentprevalent - Genuss vorherrschend
By means of their female attendants the ladies of the royal haremgenerally get men into their apartments in the disguise or dress ofwomen. Their female attendants, and the daughters of their nurses, whoare acquainted with their secrets, should exert themselves to get men tocome to the harem in this way by telling them of the good fortuneattending it, and by describing the facilities of entering and leavingthe palace, the large size of the premises, the carelessness of thesentinels, and the irregularities of the attendants about the persons ofthe royal wives.
ladies - Damen; Herrin des Hauses, Hausherrin, Ehefrau des Hausherrn
haremgenerally - Hase im Allgemeinen
fortuneattending - Glücklich zu sein
entering - eintreten; eingegeben; (enter); reingehen, hineingehen
leavingthe - verlassen
large size - Großformat
premises - Prämisse, Voraussetzung, Lokal
carelessness - Nachlässigkeit; Unvorsichtigkeit, Leichtsinn
irregularities - Unregelmäßigkeiten; Unregelmäßigkeit, Unregelmäßigkeit
But these women should never induce a man to enter theharem by telling him falsehoods, for that would probably lead to hisdestruction.
falsehoods - Unwahrheiten; Unwahrheit, Falschheit, Lüge, unwahre Behauptung
hisdestruction - seine Zerstörung
As for the man himself, he had better not enter a royal harem, eventhough it may be easily accessible, on account of the numerous disastersto which he may be exposed there. If however he wants to enter it, heshould first ascertain whether there is an easy way to get out, whetherit is closely surrounded by the pleasure garden, whether it has separateenclosures belonging to it, whether the sentinels are careless, whetherthe King has gone abroad, and then, when he is called by the women ofthe harem, he should carefully observe the localities, and enter by theway pointed out by them.
numerous - zahlreich, vielzählig
disastersto - Katastrophen zu
whetherit - ob es
separateenclosures - getrennte Gehäuse
belonging to it - dazugehörend
sentinels - Wache, Wachposten, Wächter, Wächterin, Markierung, Schlüsselwort
careless - unvorsichtig, unbedacht, unachtsam, leichtsinnig
whetherthe - ob die
abroad - Ausland
localities - Ortschaften; Ortschaft
theway - den Weg
If he is able to manage it, he should hangabout the harem every day, and, under some pretext or other, makefriends with the sentinels, and show himself attached to the femaleattendants of the harem, who may have become acquainted with his design,and to whom he should express his regret at not being able to obtain theobject of his desire. Lastly he should cause the whole business of ago-between to be done by the woman who may have access to the harem, andhe should be careful to be able to recognize the emissaries of the King.
manage it - es schaffen
makefriends - Freundschaften schließen
regret - bedauern, bereuen, leidtun, Reue, Bedauern
access - Zutritt, Zugang, Einsicht, Zugriff; zugreifen
andhe - Und er
recognize - ich/er/sie erkannte, anerkennen, erkennen
emissaries - Emissär, Emissärin, Abgesandter
When a go-between has no access to the harem, then the man should standin some place where the lady, whom he loves, and whom he is anxious toenjoy, can be seen.
toenjoy - zu genießen
If that place is occupied by the King's sentinels, he should thendisguise himself as a female attendant of the lady who comes to theplace, or passes by it. When she looks at him he should let her know hisfeelings by outward signs and gestures, and should show her pictures,things with double meanings, chaplets of flowers, and rings. He shouldcarefully mark the answer she gives, whether by word or by sign, or bygesture, and should then try and get into the harem.
occupied - besetzt; in Anspruch nehmen, belegen, bewohnen, besetzen
theplace - den Ort
passes by - (pass by) vorüberziehen, sterben, vorbeigehen
hisfeelings - seinen Gefühlen
shouldcarefully - sollten Sie vorsichtig sein
by word - Sprichwort
sign - Wert, Zeichen, Hinweistafel, Indiz; unterschreiben, signieren
bygesture - eine Geste
If he is certain ofher coming to some particular place he should conceal himself there, andat the appointed time should enter along with her as one of the guards.He may also go in and out, concealed in a folded bed, or bed covering,or with his body made invisible,[71] by means of external applications,a receipt for one of which is as follows:
conceal - verbergen, verheimlichen, verschleiern, verschweigen
appointed time - Termin
folded - falten, zusammenlegen, verschränken (Arme); Falte, gefaltete
invisible - unsichtbar; versteckt
applications - Anwendungen; Anwendung, Anwendung, Anwendung, Anwendung
receipt - Empfang; Einnahme; Empfangsbestätigung, Quittung, Beleg
The heart of an ichneumon, the fruit of the long gourd (Tumbi), and theeyes of the serpent, should all be burnt without letting out the smoke,the ashes should then be ground and mixed in equal quantities withwater. By putting this mixture upon the eyes a man can go about unseen.
ichneumon - Schlupfwespe; Ichneumon
theeyes - die Augen
serpent - Schlange, Serpent
burnt - angebrannt, verbrannt, brennen, verbrennen; (burn) angebrannt
letting out - durchlassend
smoke - rauchen; Rauch
ashes - Esche, Asche
withwater - mit Wasser
unseen - ungesehen; unbesehen, unsichtbar
Other means of invisibility are prescribed by Duyana Brahmans andJogashiras.
invisibility - Unsichtbarkeit
prescribed - verschrieben; verschreiben, verordnen, vorschreiben, verordnen
andJogashiras - undJogashiras
Again the man may enter the harem during the festival of the eight moonin the month of Nargashirsha, and during the moonlight festivals whenthe female attendants of the harem are all busily occupied, or inconfusion.
busily - fleißig; eifrig, geschäftig, beschäftigt
inconfusion - Verwirrung
The following principles are laid down on this subject.
The entrance of young men into harems, and their exit from them,generally take place when things are being brought into the palace, orwhen things are being taken out of it, or when drinking festivals aregoing on, or when the female attendants are in a hurry, or when theresidence of some of the royal ladies is being changed, or when theKing's wives go to gardens, or to fairs, or when they enter the palaceon their return from them; or, lastly, when the King is absent on a longpilgrimage.
harems - Harem, Harem
exit - aussteigen, Ausgang; Abgang, Ausgang, Ausstieg, Ende
aregoing - gehen
hurry - Eile; beeilen
theresidence - den Wohnsitz
is absent - fehlt
longpilgrimage - lange Pilgerreise
The women of the royal harem know each other's secrets, andhaving but one object to attain, they give assistance to each other. Ayoung man, who enjoys all of them, and who is common to them all, cancontinue enjoying his union with them so long as it is kept quiet, andis not known abroad.
cancontinue - fortsetzen kann
Now in the country of the Aparatakas the royal ladies are not wellprotected, and consequently many young men are passed into the harem bythe women who have access to the royal palaces. The wives of the King ofthe Ahira country accomplish their objects with those sentinels in theharem who bear the name of Kashtriyas. The royal ladies in the countryof the Vatsagulmas cause such men as are suitable to enter into theharem along with their female messengers. In the country of theVaidarbhas the sons of the royal ladies enter the royal harem when theyplease, and enjoy the women, with the exception of their own mothers. Inthe Stri-rajya the wives of the King are enjoyed by his caste fellowsand relations.
wellprotected - gut geschützt
countryof - Land der
enter into - einspringen
theVaidarbhas - dieVaidarbhas
theyplease - Bitte
In the Ganda country the royal wives are enjoyed byBrahmans, friends, servants, and slaves. In the Samdhava country,servants, foster children, and other persons like them enjoy the womenof the harem. In the country of the Haimavatas adventurous citizensbribe the sentinels and enter the harem. In the country of the Vanyasand the Kalmyas, Brahmans, with the knowledge of the King, enter theharem under the pretence of giving flowers to the ladies, and speak withthem from behind a curtain, and from such conversation union afterwardstakes place. Lastly, the women in the harem of the King of the Prachyasconceal one young man in the harem for every batch of nine or ten of thewomen.
byBrahmans - vonBrahmanen
foster - aufziehen, pflegen
adventurous - abenteuerlich
citizensbribe - Bürgerbestechung
curtain - Vorhang
afterwardstakes - Gewinnspiele nachher
batch - Charge; stapeln (Computer); Stapel, Stoß, Batch, Schub
thewomen - dieFrauen
Thus act the wives of others.
For these reasons a man should guard his own wife.
Old authors say thata King should select for sentinels in his harem such men as have theirfreedom from carnal desires well tested. But such men, though freethemselves from carnal desire, by reason of their fear or avarice, maycause other persons to enter the harem, and therefore Gonikaputra says,that Kings should place such men in the harem as may have had theirfreedom from carnal desires, their fears, and their avarice well tested.Lastly, Vatsyayana says that under the influence of Dharma[72] peoplemight be admitted, and therefore men should be selected who are freefrom carnal desires, fear, avarice, and Dharma.[73]
theirfreedom - ihre Freiheit
carnal - fleischlich, körperlich, sexuell, sinnlich, diesseitig
freethemselves - sich selbst befreien
maycause - Kann das sein
admitted - zugelassen; einlassen, zulassen, zugeben, eingestehen, erlauben
selected - ausgewählt; auswählen
The followers of Babhravya say that a man should cause his wife toassociate with a young woman who would tell him the secrets of otherpeople, and thus find out from her about his wife's chastity. ButVatsyayana says, that as wicked persons are always successful withwomen, a man should not cause his innocent wife to be corrupted bybringing her into the company of a deceitful woman.
toassociate - zu assoziieren
withwomen - mit Frauen
corrupted - korrumpiert; korrupt, verderben, korrumpieren
bybringing - mitbringen
The following are the causes of the destruction of a woman's chastity:
Always going into society, and sitting in company.
Absence of restraint.
The loose habits of her husband.
Want of caution in her relations with other men.
Continued and long absence of her husband.
Living in a foreign country.
Destruction of her love and feelings by her husband.
The company of loose women.
The jealousy of her husband.
There are also the following verses on the subject.
"A clever man, learning from the Shastras the ways of winning over thewives of other people, is never deceived in the case of his own wives.No one, however, should make use of these ways for seducing the wives ofothers, because they do not always succeed, and, moreover, often causedisasters, and the destruction of Dharma and Artha. This book, which isintended for the good of the people, and to teach them the ways ofguarding their own wives, should not be made use of merely for gainingover the wives of others.
learning from - entnehmend
deceived - getäuscht; betrügen, täuschen
causedisasters - Katastrophen verursacht
isintended - ist beabsichtigt
ofguarding - der Bewachung
gainingover - Verstärkung
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 71: The way to make oneself invisible; the knowledge of theart of transmigration, or changing ourselves or others into any shape orform by the use of charms and spells; the power of being in two placesat once, and other occult sciences are frequently referred to in allOriental literature.]
oneself - sich selbst; selbst, sich
shape - Zustand, Form, Gestalt, Form
orform - oder Form
occult - okkult; Okkult, Okkultismus
[Footnote 72: This may be considered as meaning religious influence, andalludes to persons who may be gained over by that means.]
[Footnote 73: It may be noted from the above remarks that eunuchs do notappear to have been employed in the King's harem in those days, thoughthey seem to have been employed for other purposes. See Part II., page43.]
remarks - Bemerkungen; bemerken; Anmerkung, Bemerkung
notappear - nicht erscheinen
=END OF PART V.=
ABOUT COURTESANS.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
This Part VI., about courtesans, was prepared by Vatsyayana, from atreatise on the subject, that was written by Dattaka, for the women ofPataliputra (the modern Patna), some two thousand years ago. Dattaka'swork does not appear to be extant now, but this abridgement of it isvery clever, and quite equal to any of the productions of Emile Zola,and other writers of the realistic school of to-day.
atreatise - atreatieren
ofPataliputra - vonPataliputra
swork - s Arbeit
abridgement - Kürzung, Kurzfassung, Verkürzung
productions - Produktionen; Produktion, Herstellung, Produktion, Produktion
Although a great deal has been written on the subject of the courtesan,nowhere will be found a better description of her, of her belongings, ofher ideas, and of the working of her mind, than is contained in thefollowing pages.
nowhere - nirgendwo, nirgends
belongings - Hab und Gut; gehörend, zugehörig
thefollowing - das Folgende
The details of the domestic and social life of the early Hindoos wouldnot be complete without mention of the courtesan, and Part VI. isentirely devoted to this subject. The Hindoos have ever had the goodsense to recognise courtesans as a part and portion of human society,and so long as they behaved themselves with decency and propriety, theywere regarded with a certain respect.
isentirely - ganz und gar
recognise - anerkennen
behaved - benommen; benehmen
decency - Anstand
propriety - Angemessenheit, Richtigkeit, Korrektheit, Ordnungsmäßigkeit
theywere - waren sie es
regarded - betrachtet; schätzen, betrachten, berücksichtigen
Anyhow, they have never beentreated in the East with that brutality and contempt so common in theWest, while their education has always been of a superior kind to thatbestowed upon the rest of womankind in Oriental countries.
beentreated - behandelt werden
brutality - Brutalität
thatbestowed - das geschenkt
womankind - Frauenzimmer; weibliches Geschlecht, Frauenwelt
Oriental - orientalisch, Orientale, östlich
In the earlier days the well-educated Hindoo dancing girl and courtesandoubtless resembled the Hetera of the Greeks, and being educated andamusing, were far more acceptable as companions than the generality ofthe married or unmarried women of that period. At all times and in allcountries, there has ever been a little rivalry between the chaste andthe unchaste.
educated - Gebildet; ausbilden, erziehen
courtesandoubtless - ohne Zweifel höflich
resembled - ähnelte; ähneln, gleichen
andamusing - und amüsant
acceptable - akzeptabel
generality - Allgemeinheit; Allgemeingültigkeit
unmarried - unverheiratet, ledig, solo; (unmarry); unverheiratet, ledig
allcountries - alleLänder
rivalry - Rivalität
But while some women are born courtesans, and follow theinstincts of their nature in every class of society, it has been trulysaid by some authors that every woman has got an inkling of theprofession in her nature, and does her best, as a general rule, to makeherself agreeable to the male sex.
theinstincts - die Instinkte
trulysaid - wahrhaftig gesagt
inkling - Andeutung
theprofession - derBeruf
makeherself - sich selbst machen
The subtlety of women, their wonderful perceptive powers, theirknowledge, and their intuitive appreciation of men and things, are allshown in the following pages, which may be looked upon as a concentratedessence that has been since worked up into detail by many writers inevery quarter of the globe.
subtlety - Geschicklichkeit, Feinheit, Feinsinn, Feinsinnigkeit
perceptive - einfühlsam
powers - Kräfte; Macht, Kraft, Macht, Macht, Großmacht, Kraft, Stärke
theirknowledge - ihr Wissen
intuitive - intuitiv
concentratedessence - konzentrierte Essenz
inevery - invery
globe - Erde, Erdkugel, Globus
OF THE CAUSES OF A COURTESAN RESORTING TO MEN; OF THE MEANS OF ATTACHINGTO HERSELF THE MAN DESIRED; AND OF THE KIND OF MAN THAT IT IS DESIRABLETO be acquainted with.
be acquainted with - bekannt sein mit
By having intercourse with men courtesans obtain sexual pleasure, aswell as their own maintenance. Now when a courtesan takes up with a manfrom love, the action is natural; but when she resorts to him for thepurpose of getting money, her action is artificial or forced. Even inthe latter case, however, she should conduct herself as if her love wereindeed natural, because men repose their confidence on those women whoapparently love them.
sexual pleasure - Lust
maintenance - Instandhaltung, Wartung, Unterhalt
takes up - (take up) anlagern
forced - gezwungen; zwingen, forcieren, erzwingen; Stärke, Macht
wereindeed - wirklich
repose - ruhen
whoapparently - wer anscheinend
In making known her love to the man she shouldshow an entire freedom from avarice, and for the sake of her futurecredit she should abstain from acquiring money from him by unlawfulmeans.
making known - bekannt machend, bekanntmachend [alt]
freedom - Freiheit
unlawfulmeans - ungesetzliche Mittel
A courtesan, well dressed and wearing her ornaments, should sit or standat the door of her house, and without exposing herself too much, shouldlook on the public road so as to be seen by the passers by, she beinglike an object on view for sale.
exposing - entlarven; aufdecken, offenbaren, entblößen, bloßlegen
shouldlook - aussehen sollte
public road - öffentliche Straße
beinglike - wesensgleich
[74] She should form friendships withsuch persons as would enable her to separate men from other women, andattach them to herself, and repair her own misfortunes, to acquirewealth, and to protect her from being bullied, or set upon by personswith whom she may have dealings of some kind or another.
friendships - Freundschaften; Freundschaft, Freundschaft
withsuch - mit solchen
enable - berechtigen, befähigen, ermöglichen, anordnen, aktivieren
andattach - undanbringen
misfortunes - Unglücke; Pech
acquirewealth - Reichtum erwerben
protect - schützen, beschützen
bullied - schikaniert; Rabauke, Bully, Tyrann, Schikaneur, einschüchtern
personswith - Personen mit
dealings - Geschäfte; handelnd
These persons are:
The guards of the town, or the police.
The officers of the courts of justice.
courts of justice - Gerichtshöfe
Astrologers.
Powerful men, or men with interest.
Learned men.
Teachers of the sixty-four arts.
Pithamardas or confidants.
confidants - Mitwisser; Vertrauter
Vitas or parasites.
parasites - Parasiten; Parasit, Schmarotzer, Parasit
Vidushakas or jesters.
jesters - Narren; Spaßmacher, Spaßmacherin, Clown, Clownin, Hampelmann
Flower sellers.
Perfumers.
Perfumers - Parfümeure; Parfümeur
Vendors of spirits.
vendors - Anbieter, Vertreiber, Lieferant, Lieferantin, Lieferer
Washermen.
Barbers.
Beggars.
And such other persons as may be found necessary for the particularobject to be acquired.
particularobject - bestimmtes Objekt
The following kinds of men may be taken up with simply for the purposeof getting their money.
purposeof - Zweck der
Men of independent income.
Young men.
Men who are free from any ties.
ties - Krawatten; zusammenbinden
Men who hold places of authority under the King.
Men who have secured their means of livelihood without difficulty.
Men possessed of unfailing sources of income.
unfailing - unfehlbar
sources of income - Erwerbsquellen
Men who consider themselves handsome.
Men who are always praising themselves.
One who is an eunuch, but wishes to be thought a man.
One who hates his equals.
equals - gleich, gleich, gleichen, gleichen, Gleichgestellter
One who is naturally liberal.
One who has influence with the King or his ministers.
One who is always fortunate.
One who is proud of his wealth.
One who disobeys the orders of his elders.
disobeys - nicht gehorcht; missachten, nicht gehorchen
One upon whom the members of his caste keep an eye.
The only son whose father is wealthy.
An ascetic who is internally troubled with desire.
internally - innerbetrieblich
A brave man.
A physician of the King.
physician - Arzt, Ärztin, Mediziner, Medizinerin
Previous acquaintance.
On the other hand, those who are possessed of excellent qualities are tobe resorted to for the sake of love, and fame. Such men are as follows:
fame - Ruhm, Berühmtheit, Bekanntheit
Such are the good qualities of a man.
The woman also should have the following characteristics, viz.:
She should be possessed of beauty, and amiability, with auspicious bodymarks. She should have a liking for good qualities in other people, asalso a liking for wealth. She should take delight in sexual unionsresulting from love, and should be of a firm mind, and of the same classas the man with regard to sexual enjoyment.
amiability - Liebenswürdigkeit
bodymarks - Körperstellen
take delight in - Vergnügen finden an
unionsresulting - Gewerkschaften resultieren
She should always be anxious to acquire and obtain experience andknowledge, be free from avarice, and always have a liking for socialgatherings, and for the arts.
be anxious - besorgt sein
andknowledge - undWissen
socialgatherings - geselliges Beisammensein
The following are the ordinary qualities of all women, viz.:
The faults of the women are to be known by the absence of any of theabove mentioned good qualities.
The following kinds of men are not fit to be resorted to by courtesans,viz.:
Ancient authors are of opinion that the causes of a courtesan resortingto men are love, fear, money, pleasure, returning some act of enmity,curiosity, sorrow, constant intercourse, Dharma, celebrity, compassion,the desire of having a friend, shame, the likeness of the man to somebeloved person, the search after good fortune, the getting rid of thelove of somebody else, the being of the same class as the man withrespect to sexual union, living in the same place, constancy, andpoverty.
resortingto - Zuflucht zu
celebrity - berühmte Person, Prominenter, Prominente
likeness - Ähnlichkeit; Gestalt; Abbild
search after - durchsuchen, suchen, forschen nach
withrespect - mitRespekt
constancy - Konstanz, Beständigkeit, Ausdauer
andpoverty - undArmut
But Vatsyayana decides that desire of wealth, freedom frommisfortune, and love, are the only causes that affect the union ofcourtesans with men.
frommisfortune - vom Unglück
Now a courtesan should not sacrifice money to her love, because money isthe chief thing to be attended to. But in cases of fear, etc., sheshould pay regard to strength and other qualities. Moreover, even thoughshe be invited by any man to join him, she should not at once consent toan union, because men are apt to despise things which are easilyacquired. On such occasions she should first send the shampooers, andthe singers, and the jesters, who may be in her service, or, in theirabsence the Pithamardas, or confidants, and others, to find out thestate of his feelings, and the condition of his mind.
isthe - ist die
thoughshe - Aber sie
invited - eingeladen; auffordern, einladen
apt - passend; Hochgeschwindigkeitszug; geeignet, begabt
easilyacquired - leicht zu erwerben
service - warten; Bedienung, Dienstleistung, Betrieb
theirabsence - ihre Abwesenheit
thestate - den Staat
By means of thesepersons she should ascertain whether the man is pure or impure,affected, or the reverse, capable of attachment, or indifferent, liberalor niggardly; and if she finds him to her liking, she should thenemploy the Vita and others to attach his mind to her.
thesepersons - diesePersonen
impure - unrein
affected - betroffen; beeinträchtigen, eine Vorliebe haben für, bewohnen
reverse - umkehren; invers, umgedreht, Kehrseite
liberalor - liberal oder
niggardly - knauserig; geizig
thenemploy - dann beschäftigen
Accordingly, the Pithamarda should bring the man to her house, under thepretence of seeing the fights of quails, cocks, and rams, of hearing themaina (a kind of starling) talk, or of seeing some other spectacle, orthe practice of some art; or he may take the woman to the abode of theman. After this, when the man comes to her house the woman should givehim something capable of producing curiosity, and love in his heart,such as an affectionate present, telling him that it was speciallydesigned for his use.
thepretence - die Vorhersage
fights - Kämpfe; Kampf, Schlacht
starling - Star; Eisbrecher
spectacle - Spektakel, Schauspiel
givehim - Ihm geben
producing - produzieren, herstellen, vorlegen, produzieren, Produkt
speciallydesigned - speziell entwickelt
She should also amuse him for a long time bytelling him such stories, and doing such things as he may take mostdelight in. When he goes away she should frequently send to him a femaleattendant, skilled in carrying on a jesting conversation, and also asmall present at the same time. She should also sometimes go to himherself under the pretence of some business, and accompanied by thePithamarda.
goes away - (go away) fortgehen, weichen, verreisen
femaleattendant - weibliche Betreuerin
carrying on - betreibend, Weiterführung
jesting - scherzend; (jest) scherzend
asmall - asklein
present at - anwesend bei
himherself - sich selbst
Thus end the means of attaching to herself the man desired.
attaching - anbringen; Aktentasche, Attache, Aktenkoffer
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:
"When a lover comes to her abode, a courtesan should give him a mixtureof betel leaves and betel nut, garlands of flowers, and perfumedointments, and, showing her skill in arts, should entertain him with along conversation. She should also give him some loving presents, andmake an exchange of her own things with his, and at the same time shouldshow him her skill in sexual enjoyment.
perfumedointments - parfümierte Salben
When a courtesan is thus unitedwith her lover she should always delight him by affectionate gifts, byconversation, and by the application of tender means of enjoyment."
unitedwith - vereinigt mit
byconversation - durch Konversation
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 74: In England the lower classes of courtesans walk thestreets; in India and other places in the East they sit at the windows,or at the doors of their houses.]
lower classes - Gesindel
thestreets - die Straßen
OF LIVING LIKE A WIFE.
When a courtesan is living as a wife with her lover, she should behavelike a chaste woman, and do everything to his satisfaction. Her duty inthis respect, in short, is, that she should give him pleasure, butshould not become attached to him, though behaving as if she were reallyattached.
behavelike - verhaltensmäßig
behaving - benehmen
reallyattached - wirklich gebunden
Now the following is the manner in which she is to conduct herself, soas to accomplish the above mentioned purpose. She should have a motherdependent on her, one who should be represented as very harsh, and wholooked upon money as her chief object in life. In the event of therebeing no mother, then an old and confidential nurse should play the samerole.
motherdependent - mutterabhängig
wholooked - Wer hat nachgeschaut
therebeing - gibt es
The mother or nurse, on their part, should appear to be displeasedwith the lover, and forcibly take her away from him. The woman herselfshould always show pretended anger, dejection, fear, and shame on thisaccount, but should not disobey the mother or nurse at any time.
displeasedwith - unzufrieden mit
herselfshould - selbst sollte
pretended - vorgetäuscht; vorgeben, prätendieren, vortäuschen, so tun
dejection - Kotentleerung, Niedergeschlagenheit
thisaccount - diesesKonto
disobey - missachten; nicht gehorchen
She should make out to the mother or nurse that the man is sufferingfrom bad health, and making this a pretext for going to see him, sheshould go on that account. She is, moreover, to do the following thingsfor the purpose of gaining the man's favour, viz.:
sufferingfrom - Leiden von
on that account - dafür
When the man sets out on a journey, she should make him swear that hewill return quickly, and in his absence should put aside her vows ofworshipping the Deity, and should wear no ornaments except those thatare lucky. If the time fixed for his return has passed, she shouldendeavour to ascertain the real time of his return from omens, from thereports of the people, and from the positions of the planets, the moonand the stars.
sets - Seth
swear - schwören
hewill - Er wird
ofworshipping - der Anbetung
shouldendeavour - sollte man sich bemühen
positions - Positionen; Stellung, Position, Position, Arbeitsplatz, Stelle
On occasions of amusement, and of auspicious dreams, sheshould say "Let me be soon united to him." If, moreover, she feelsmelancholy, or sees any inauspicious omen, she should perform some riteto appease the Deity.
dreams - Traum, Traum, t+Wunsch, träumen, träumen, t+wünschen, träumen
feelsmelancholy - Melancholie fühlen
inauspicious - ungünstig
appease - besänftigen, friedlich stimmen, beschwichtigen
When the man does return home she should worship the God Kama (_i.e._,the Indian Cupid), and offer oblations to other Deities, and havingcaused a pot filled with water to be brought by her friends, she shouldperform the worship in honour of the crow who eats the offerings whichwe make to the manes of deceased relations.
God - Gott
Cupid - Amor, Cupido
oblations - Opfergaben; Opfergabe, Opfer
havingcaused - Verursacht haben
offerings - Angebote; Angebot
whichwe - was wir
manes - Mähnen; Mähne, Mähne
deceased - verstorben; Ableben, Exitus, Hinschied, ableben, hinscheiden
After the first visit isover she should ask her lover also to perform certain rites, and this hewill do if he is sufficiently attached to her.
rites - Riten; Ritus, Brauch
Now a man is said to be sufficiently attached to a woman when his loveis disinterested; when he has the same object in view as his belovedone; when he is quite free from any suspicions on her account; and whenhe is indifferent to money with regard to her.
disinterested - desinteressiert; Desinteresse
whenhe - wann er
Such is the manner of a courtesan living with a man like a wife, and setforth here for the sake of guidance from the rules of Dattaka. What isnot laid down here should be practised according to the custom of thepeople, and the nature of each individual man.
setforth - fortfahren
guidance - Anleitung, Richtungsweisung, Handlungsempfehlung
isnot - oder nicht
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The extent of the love of women is not known, even to those who are theobjects of their affection, on account of its subtlety, and on accountof the avarice, and natural intelligence of womankind."
extent - Umfang, Ausdehnung, Ausmaß, Größe
accountof - Konto von
intelligence - Intelligenz, Klugheit, intelligentes Leben
"Women are hardly ever known in their true light, though they may lovemen, or become indifferent towards them; may give them delight, orabandon them; or may extract from them all the wealth that they maypossess."
hardly ever - fast gar nicht, fast nie, niemals, nie
lovemen - Verliebte
orabandon - oder aufgeben
extract - Auszug; Extrakt; entnehmen, herausziehen, entziehen
maypossess - besitzen darf
OF THE MEANS OF GETTING MONEY. OF THE SIGNS OF THE CHANGE OF A LOVER'SFEELINGS, AND OF THE WAY TO GET RID OF HIM.
Money is got out of a lover in two ways, viz.:
By natural or lawful means, and by artifices. Old authors are of opinionthat when a courtesan can get as much money as she wants from her lover,she should not make use of artifice. But Vatsyayana lays down thatthough she may get some money from him by natural means, yet when shemakes use of artifice he gives her doubly more, and therefore artificeshould be resorted to for the purpose of extorting money from him at allevents.
thatthough - Aber das
shemakes - sie macht
artificeshould - künstlich sein sollte
extorting - Erpressung; erpressen, erzwingen
Now the artifices to be used for getting money from her lover are asfollows:
artifices - Kunstgriffe; Kunstgriff
1st. Taking money from him on different occasions, for the purpose ofpurchasing various articles, such as ornaments, food, drink, flowers,perfumes and cloths, and either not buying them, or getting from himmore than their cost.
ofpurchasing - des Kaufs
cloths - Tücher; Stoff, Tuch
himmore - himmlisch
2nd. Praising his intelligence to his face.
3rd. Pretending to be obliged to make gifts on occasion of festivalsconnected with vows, trees, gardens, temples, or tanks.[75]
pretending - vorgeben, prätendieren, vortäuschen, so tun, als ob, tun
be obliged - müssen
tanks - Panzer, Wasserbecken, Behälter
4th. Pretending that at the time of going to his house, her jewels havebeen stolen either by the King's guards, or by robbers.
stolen - gestohlen; stehlen, entwenden, klauen, stehlen, stehlen, rauben
5th. Alleging that her property has been destroyed by fire, by thefalling of her house, or by the carelessness of her servants.
alleging - behauptet; behaupten
destroyed - zerstört; zerstören, vernichten, qualifier
thefalling - das Fallen
6th. Pretending to have lost the ornaments of her lover along with herown.
7th. Causing him to hear through other people of the expenses incurredby her in coming to see him.
expenses - Ausgaben; Ausgabe, Aufwand, Verlust
incurredby - angefallen
8th. Contracting debts for the sake of her lover.
contracting - Vertrag, Kontrakt; ich/er/sie zog zusammen, Vertrag abschließen
debts - Schuld, Verbindlichkeit, Verpflichtung, Schulden
9th. Disputing with her mother on account of some expense incurred byher for her lover, and which was not approved of by her mother.
disputing - anfechten; Streit, Disput, Debatte, erörtern, bestreiten
incurred - entstanden; zufügen, zurechnen, haftbar machen
approved - genehmigt; billigen, genehmigen, zusagen
10th. Not going to parties and festivities in the houses of her friendsfor the want of presents to make to them, she having previously informedher lover of the valuable presents given to her by these very friends.
festivities - Festlichkeiten; Fest
friendsfor - Freunde für
informedher - Sie informiert
11th. Not performing certain festive rites under the pretence that shehas no money to perform them with.
festive - festlich
12th. Engaging artists to do something for her lover.
engaging - engagieren; beschäftigen, anstellen, angreifen, anlegen
13th. Entertaining physicians and ministers for the purpose of attainingsome object.
physicians - Ärzten; Arzt, Ärztin, Mediziner, Medizinerin, Doktor, Doktorin
attainingsome - etwas zu erreichen
14th. Assisting friends and benefactors both on festive occasions, andin misfortune.
assisting - assistieren, helfen, beistehen, unterstützen, vorlegen, Vorlage
benefactors - Wohltäter, Wohltäterin, Benefaktor
misfortune - Pech, Ungemach, Unglück, Unfall, Unheil
15th. Performing household rites.
16th. Having to pay the expenses of the ceremony of marriage of the sonof a female friend.
17th. Having to satisfy curious wishes during her state of pregnancy.
pregnancy - Schwangerschaft
18th. Pretending to be ill, and charging her cost of treatment.
charging - Aufladung; Entgelt
treatment - Behandeln, Behandlung, Umgang
19th. Having to remove the troubles of a friend.
troubles - Probleme; Ärger, Schwierigkeit, Anstrengung, Bemühung, Mühe
20th. Selling some of her ornaments, so as to give her lover a present.
21st. Pretending to sell some of her ornaments, furniture, or cookingutensils to a trader, who has been already tutored how to behave in thematter.
cookingutensils - Kochutensilien
trader - Händler, Händlerin, Kaufmann, Kauffrau; (trade); Handel
tutored - unterrichtet; Privatunterricht geben; Lehrprogramm, Begleiter
22nd. Having to buy cooking utensils of greater value than those ofother people, so that they might be more easily distinguished, and notchanged for others of an inferior description.
utensils - Utensilien; Gerät
value - Wert, Wichtigkeit, Notenwert, Tonwert, Werte, schätzen
ofother - der anderen
notchanged - gekerbt
23rd. Remembering the former favours of her lover, and causing themalways to be spoken of by her friends and followers.
favours - Gefälligkeiten; begünstigen, bevorzugen
themalways - dieimmer
24th. Informing her lover of the great gains of other courtezans.
informing - benachrichtigen, mitteilen, informieren
25th. Describing before them, and in the presence of her lover, her owngreat gains, and making them out to be greater even than theirs, thoughsuch may not have been really the case.
owngreat - großartig
thoughsuch - obwohl diese
26th. Openly opposing her mother when she endeavours to persuade her totake up with men with whom she has been formerly acquainted, on accountof the great gains to be got from them.
27th. Lastly, pointing out to her lover the liberality of his rivals.
Thus end the ways and means of getting money.
* * * * *
A woman should always know the state of the mind, of the feelings, andof the disposition of her lover towards her, from the changes of histemper, his manner, and the colour of his face.
histemper - Staupe
The behaviour of a waning lover is as follows:
waning - (wane) abnehmen, abflauen, schwinden; (wan) (wane) abnehmen
1st. He gives the woman either less than is wanted, or something elsethan that which is asked for.
2nd. He keeps her in hopes by promises.
promises - Versprechen
3rd. He pretends to do one thing, and does something else.
4th. He does not fulfil her desires.
fulfil - erfüllen, ableisten, anfüllen, gerecht werden
5th. He forgets his promises, or does something else than that which hehas promised.
hehas - Er hat
promised - versprochen; Versprechen
6th. He speaks with his own servants in a mysterious way.
mysterious - geheimnisvoll; mysteriös; rätselhaft
7th. He sleeps in some other house under the pretence of having to dosomething for a friend.
dosomething - etwas tun
8th. Lastly, he speaks in private with the attendants of a woman withwhom he was formerly acquainted.
withwhom - mitwem
The means of getting rid of a lover are as follows:
1st. Describing the habits and vices of the lover as disagreeable andcensurable, with the sneer of the lip, and the stamp of the foot.
vices - Laster; der Schraubstock
andcensurable - und zählbar
sneer - spotten; Spott; grinsen, spötteln
Stamp - Stempel; stempeln; freimachen
2nd. Speaking on a subject with which he is not acquainted.
3rd. Showing no admiration for his learning, and passing a censure uponit.
admiration - Bewunderung
passing - vorübergehend, verrinnend ''(poetic)'', hervorragend
censure - Misstrauen; Tadel, Zurechtweisung, Kritik, Ermahnung
uponit - darauf
4th. Putting down his pride.
5th. Seeking the company of men who are superior to him in learning andwisdom.
6th. Showing a disregard for him on all occasions.
7th. Censuring men possessed of the same faults as her lover.
censuring - Zensur; Tadel, Zurechtweisung, Kritik, Ermahnung, Tadeln
8th. Expressing dissatisfaction at the ways and means of enjoyment usedby him.
expressing - bekunden, Eilzug, Schnellzug, ausdrücklich; ausdrücken, äußern
dissatisfaction - Unzufriedenheit
usedby - benutzt
9th. Not giving him her mouth to kiss.
10th. Refusing access to her Jaghana, _i.e._, the part of the bodybetween the navel and the thighs.
refusing - Müll; abweisen, verweigern, abschlagen, ablehnen
11th. Showing a dislike for the wounds made by his nails and teeth.
wounds - anschießen, verwunden
12th. Not pressing close up against him at the time when he embracesher.
close up - Großaufnahme
embracesher - sie umarmen
13th. Keeping her limbs without movement at the time of congress.
limbs - Gliedmaßen; Schenkel (geol. Falte), Glied
movement - Bewegung; Satz
14th. Desiring him to employ her when he is fatigued.
desiring - begehren, begehren, Begehren
employ - beschäftigen; einstellen, anstellen, anwerben, einsetzen
15th. Laughing at his attachment to her.
16th. Not responding to his embraces.
responding - antworten, reagieren
17th. Turning away from him when he begins to embrace her.
18th. Pretending to be sleepy.
19th. Going out visiting, or into company, when she perceives his desireto enjoy her during the day time.
desireto - wünschen
20th. Mis-constructing his words.
Mis - (miss) Frl. Fräulein; (MI) (miss) Frl. Fräulein
21st. Laughing without any joke, or at the time of any joke made by him,laughing under some pretence.
joke - Witz; Scherz, Streich, Spaß, scherzen, Witze machen
22nd. Looking with side glances at her own attendants, and clapping herhands when he says anything.
side glances - Seitenblicke
clapping - Klatschen; (clap); Klatschen
23rd. Interrupting him in the middle of his stories, and beginning totell other stories herself.
interrupting - unterbrechen
24th. Reciting his faults and his vices, and declaring them to beincurable.
reciting - vortragen; rezitieren; zu Gehör bringen; qoem also:
declaring - bekanntmachen, bekanntgeben, deklarieren, ausrufen, aussagen
beincurable - unheilbar sein
25th. Saying words to her female attendants calculated to cut the heartof her lover to the quick.
calculated - berechnet; kalkulieren, berechnen, ausrechnen, rechnen
26th. Taking care not to look at him when he comes to her.
27th. Asking him what cannot be granted.
granted - gewährt; gewähren, erteilen, bewilligen
28th. And, after all, finally dismissing him.
dismissing - entlassen, entlassen, abweisen, einstellen, zurückweisen
There are also two verses on this subject as follows:
"The duty of a courtesan consists in forming connections with suitablemen after due and full consideration, and attaching the person with whomshe is united to herself; in obtaining wealth from the person who isattached to her, and then dismissing him after she has taken away allhis possessions."
connections - Verbindungen; Verbindung, Verknüpfung, Verbindung, Verknüpfung
suitablemen - geeignet
whomshe - Wer
possessions - Besitztümer; Gut
"A courtesan leading in this manner the life of a wife is not troubledwith too many lovers, and yet obtains abundance of wealth."
troubledwith - beunruhigt
abundance - Reichtum; Überfluss
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 75: On the completion of a vow a festival takes place. Sometrees such as the Peepul and Banyan trees, are invested with sacredthreads like the Brahman's, and on the occasion of this ceremony afestival is given. In the same way when gardens are made, and tanks ortemples built, then also festivals are observed.]
vow - Gelübde, Schwur, Eid, Gelöbnis, schwören
invested - investiert; investieren; (Geld) anlegen (in)
ortemples - oderTempel
ABOUT RE-UNION WITH A FORMER LOVER.
When a courtesan abandons her present lover after all his wealth isexhausted, she may then consider about her re-union with a former lover.But she should return to him only if he has acquired fresh wealth, or isstill wealthy, and if he is still attached to her. And if this man beliving at the time with some other women she should consider well beforeshe acts.
abandons - aufgibt; im Stich lassen, preisgeben, verlassen, abbrechen
isexhausted - ist erschöpft
fresh - kess (frech), frisch, frech, pampig (ugs.)
beliving - zu glauben
beforeshe - vor ihr
Now such a man can only be in one of the six following conditions, viz.:
conditions - Bedingungen; Bedingung, Kondition, Bedingung, Voraussetzung
1st. He may have left the first woman of his own accord, and may evenhave left another woman since then.
evenhave - selbst haben
2nd. He may have been driven away from both women.
driven away - (drive away) wegjagen, vertreiben
3rd. He may have left the one woman of his own accord, and be livingwith another woman.
livingwith - mit leben
5th. He may have been driven away from the one woman, and left the otherof his own accord.
otherof - anderen
6th. He may have been driven away by the one woman, and may be livingwith another.
(1). Now if the man has left both women of his own accord, he should notbe resorted to, on account of the fickleness of his mind, and hisindifference to the excellencies of both of them.
notbe - nicht sein
hisindifference - seine Gleichgültigkeit
(2). As regards the man who may have been driven away from both women,if he has been driven away from the last one because the woman could getmore money from some other man, then he should be resorted to, for ifattached to the first woman he would give her more money, through vanityand emulation to spite the other woman.
getmore - mehr bekommen
vanityand - Eitelkeit und
emulation - Nacheiferung, Wetteifer, Emulation
spite - Bosheit; trotz
But if he has been driven awayby the woman on account of his poverty, or stinginess, he should notthen be resorted to.
stinginess - Knauserigkeit; Geiz, Knauserei
notthen - nicht
(3). In the case of the man who may have left the one woman of his ownaccord, and been driven away by the other, if he agrees to return to theformer and give her plenty of money beforehand, then he should beresorted to.
plenty - viel; Fülle, Überfluss
beforehand - vorher
(4).
In the case of the man who may have left the one woman of his ownaccord, and be living with another woman, the former (wishing to take upwith him again) should first ascertain if he left her in the firstinstance in the hope of finding some particular excellence in the otherwoman, and that not having found any such excellence, he was willing tocome back to her, and to give her much money on account of his conduct,and on account of his affection still existing for her.
wishing - (wish) wünschen, möchten; (wish); Wunsch; wünschen
upwith - mit
excellence - Exzellenz; Vortrefflichkeit
otherwoman - eine andere Frau
existing - bestehen, existieren
Or, whether, having discovered many faults in the other woman, he wouldnow see even more excellences in herself than actually exist, and wouldbe prepared to give her much money for these qualities.
discovered - entdeckt; entdecken, erleben, erfahren, dabei sein
wouldnow - Jetzt
excellences - Exzellenzen; Vortrefflichkeit
Or, lastly, to consider whether he was a weak man, or a man fond ofenjoying many women, or one who liked a poor woman, or one who never didanything for the woman that he was with. After maturely considering allthese things, she should resort to him or not, according tocircumstances.
ofenjoying - zu genießen
didanything - irgendetwas getan
maturely - reif
(5). As regards the man who may have been driven away from the onewoman, and left the other of his own accord, the former woman (wishingto re-unite with him) should first ascertain whether he still has anyaffection for her, and would consequently spend much money upon her; orwhether, being attached to her excellent qualities, he did not takedelight in any other women; or whether, being driven away from herformerly before completely satisfying his sexual desires, he wished toget back to her, so as to be revenged for the injury done to him; orwhether he wished to create confidence in her mind, and then take backfrom her the wealth which she formerly took from him, and finallydestroy her; or, lastly, whether he wished first to separate her fromher present lover, and then to break away from her himself.
onewoman - eine Frau
wishingto - Sie wünschen
anyaffection - irgendeine Zuneigung
orwhether - oder ob
herformerly - sie früher
satisfying - zufriedenstellend; befriedigen, zufriedenstellen
wished - gewollt; Wunsch, wünschen, wünschen
toget - zusammen
revenged - gerächt; Rache, rächen
backfrom - zurück von
finallydestroy - endgültig zerstören
fromher - von ihr
break away - abbrechen
If, afterconsidering all these things, she is of opinion that his intentions arereally pure and honest, she can re-unite herself with him. But if hismind be at all tainted with evil intentions, he should be avoided.
afterconsidering - nachdenklich
arereally - wirklich
honest - ehrlich, aufrichtig; (hon); ehrlich, aufrichtig
hismind - seinen Verstand
tainted - verunreinigt; verderben
(6). In the case of the man who may have been driven away by onewoman, and be living with another, if the man makes overtures in returnto the first one, the courtesan should consider well before she acts,and while the other woman is engaged in attracting him to herself, sheshould try in her turn (through keeping herself behind the scenes) togain him over, on the grounds of any of the following considerations,viz.:
returnto - zurückkehren
scenes - Szenen; Szene
1st. That he was driven away unjustly and for no proper reason, and nowthat he has gone to another woman, every effort must be used to bringhim back to myself.
unjustly - zu Unrecht; ungerecht
nowthat - Und das
bringhim - ihn mitbringen
2nd. That if he were once to converse with me again, he would break awayfrom the other woman.
3rd. That the pride of my present lover would be put down by means ofthe former one.
4th. That he has become wealthy, has secured a higher position, andholds a place of authority under the King.
andholds - und hält
5th. That he is separate from his wife.
separate from - absondern, trennen von
6th. That he is now independent.
7th. That he lives apart from his father, or brother.
8th. That by making peace with him I shall be able to get hold of a veryrich man, who is now prevented from coming to me by my present lover.
peace - Ruhe, Frieden, Friede
veryrich - sehr reich
prevented - verhindert; verhindern, vorbeugen
9th. That as he is not respected by his wife, I shall now be able toseparate him from her.
toseparate - zu trennen
10th. That the friend of this man loves my rival, who hates mecordially; I shall, therefore, by this means separate the friend fromhis mistress.
mecordially - mecordial
fromhis - von ihm
11th. And lastly, I shall bring discredit upon him by bringing him backto me, thus showing the fickleness of his mind.
discredit - in Misskredit bringen
backto - zurück zu
When a courtesan is resolved to take up again with a former lover, herPithamurda and other servants should tell him that his former expulsionfrom the woman's house was caused by the wickedness of her mother; thatthe woman loved him just as much as ever at that time, but could nothelp the occurrence on account of her deference to her mother's will;that she hated the union of her present lover, and disliked himexcessively.
resolved - geklärt; auflösen, beschließen
expulsionfrom - Ausweisung aus
wickedness - Bösartigkeit; Bosheit
nothelp - nicht helfen
deference - Ehrerbietung, Respekt, Achtung
himexcessively - ihn exzessiv
In addition to this, they should create confidence in hismind by speaking to him of her former love for him, and should allude tothe mark of that love that she has ever remembered. This mark of herlove should be connected with some kind of pleasure that may have beenpractised by him, such as his way of kissing her, or manner of havingconnection with her.
allude - anspielen; andeuten, erwähnen
be connected with - in Verbindung stehen mit
beenpractised - praktiziert worden
havingconnection - Verbindung haben
Thus end the ways of bringing about a re-union with a former lover.
When a woman has to choose between two lovers, one of whom was formerlyunited with her, while the other is a stranger, the Acharyas (sages) areof opinion that the first one is preferable, because his disposition andcharacter being already known by previous careful observation, he can beeasily pleased and satisfied; but Vatsyayana thinks that a former lover,having already spent a great deal of his wealth, is not able or willingto give much money again, and is not, therefore, to be relied upon somuch as a stranger.
formerlyunited - ehemals vereinigt
sages - Weisen; weise, klug, Weise
preferable - vorzuziehen
andcharacter - undCharakter
observation - Beobachtung; Bemerkung
beeasily - bienenfleißig
willingto - bereit
relied - sich verlassen (auf)
somuch - etwas
Particular cases may, however, arise differing fromthis general rule on account of the different natures of men.
arise - sich erheben, aufstehen, entstehen, auftreten, erwachsen
differing - abweichend; sich unterscheiden
fromthis - von dem hier
natures - Naturen; Natur, Natur, Art
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"Re-union with a former lover may be desirable so as to separate someparticular woman from some particular man, or some particular man fromsome particular woman, or to have a certain effect upon the presentlover."
fromsome - vonsome
"When a man is excessively attached to a woman, he is afraid of hercoming into contact with other men; he does not then regard or noticeher faults; and he gives her much wealth through fear of her leavinghim."
hercoming - kommen
noticeher - merkt
leavinghim - ihn verlassen
"A courtesan should be agreeable to the man who is attached to her, anddespise the man who does not care for her. If while she is living withone man a messenger comes to her from some other man, she may eitherrefuse to listen to any negotiations on his part, or appoint a fixedtime for him to visit her, but she should not leave the man who may beliving with her and who may be attached to her."
anddespise - und Verachtung
eitherrefuse - entweder ablehnen
negotiations - Verhandlungen; Verhandlung
appoint - ernennen; bestimmen, festlegen, ausstatten, ausrüsten
fixedtime - feste Zeit
"A wise woman should only renew her connection with a former lover ifshe is satisfied that good fortune, gain, love, and friendship, arelikely to be the result of such a re-union."
renew - erneuern
ifshe - ob sie
arelikely - wahrscheinlich sind
OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF GAIN.
When a courtesan is able to realize much money every day, by reason ofmany customers, she should not confine herself to a single lover; undersuch circumstances, she should fix her rate for one night, afterconsidering the place, the season, and the condition of the people, andhaving regard to her own good qualities and good looks, and aftercomparing her rates with those of other courtesans.
realize - verwirklichen, realisieren
confine - einschränken; beschränken; Begrenzung
undersuch - darunter
aftercomparing - nachvergleichen
rates - Preise; Wechselkurs, Devisenkurs, Kurs; Kommunalsteuer
She can inform herlovers, and friends, and acquaintances about these charges. If, however,she can obtain a great gain from a single lover, she may resort to himalone, and live with him like a wife.
charges - Gebühren; Entgelt
himalone - Er allein
Now, the Sages are of opinion that when a courtesan has the chance of anequal gain from two lovers at the same time, a preference should begiven to the one who would give her the kind of thing which she wants.But Vatsyayana says that the preference should be given to the one whogives her gold, because it cannot be taken back like some other things,it can be easily received, and is also the means of procuring anythingthat may be wished for.
preference - Präferenz, Bevorzugung, Vorliebe; Einstellung
whogives - Wer gibt
taken back - zurückgenommen
procuring - beschaffen, erwerben, besorgen, aufbringen, verschaffen
anythingthat - irgendetwas, das
Of such things as gold, silver, copper, bellmetal, iron, pots, furniture, beds, upper garments, under vestments,fragrant substances, vessels made of gourds, ghee, oil, corn, cattle,and other things of a like nature, the first, viz., gold, is superior toall the others.
silver - versilbern; silbern, Silber; Silberbesteck
vestments - Gewänder; Ornat
gourds - Kürbisse; Kalebasse
ghee - Ghee
toall - an alle
When the same labour is required to gain any two lovers, or when thesame kind of thing is to be got from each of them, the choice should bemade by the advice of a friend, or it may be made from their personalqualities, or from the signs of good or bad fortune that may beconnected with them.
personalqualities - Persönliche Qualitäten
beconnected - verbunden werden
When there are two lovers, one of whom is generous, and the other readyto do any service for the courtesan, some Sages say that the one who isready to do the service should be preferred, but Vatsyayana is ofopinion that a man who does a service thinks that he has gained hisobject when he has done something once, but a generous man does not carefor what he has given before.
generous - großzügig, generös
readyto - bereit
isready - bereit
hisobject - seinGegenstand
Even here the choice should be guided bythe likelihood of the future good to be derived from her union witheither of them.
guided - geführt; lenken, führen, anleiten, leiten; Handbuch, Anleitung
likelihood - Wahrscheinlichkeit
witheither - mit einem von beiden
When one of the two lovers is grateful, and the other liberal, someSages say that the liberal one should be preferred, but Vatsyayana is ofopinion that the former should be chosen, because liberal men aregenerally haughty, plain spoken, and wanting in consideration towardsothers. Even though these liberal men have been on friendly terms for along time, yet if they see any fault in the courtesan, or are told liesabout her by some other women, they do not care for past services, butleave abruptly.
grateful - dankbar, erkenntlich, wohltuend, zufrieden
aregenerally - sind im Allgemeinen
haughty - hochmütig, stolz, überheblich, arrogant
towardsothers - gegenüber anderen
liesabout - Lügenmärchen
butleave - aber verlassen
abruptly - abrupt, plötzlich, unerwartet, abgerissen, abschüssig
On the other hand the grateful man does not at oncebreak off from her, on account of a regard for the pains she may havetaken to please him. In this case also the choice is to be guided withrespect to what may happen in future.
oncebreak - einmal brechen
havetaken - eingenommen haben
When an occasion for complying with the request of a friend, and achance of getting money come together, the Sages say that the chance ofgetting money should be preferred. But Vatsyayana thinks that the moneycan be obtained to-morrow as well as to-day, but if the request of afriend be not at once complied with, he may become disaffected. Evenhere, in making the choice, regard must be paid to future good fortune.
complying - einhalten; einwilligen, sich fügen
ofgetting - zu bekommen
afriend - einen Freund
complied - nachgekommen; einwilligen, sich fügen
On such an occasion, however, the courtesan might pacify her friend bypretending to have some work to do, and telling him that his requestwill be complied with next day, and in this way secure the chance ofgetting the money that has been offered her.
bypretending - durch Vorspiegeln
When the chance of getting money, and the chance of avoiding somedisaster come at the same time, the Sages are of opinion that the chanceof getting money should be preferred, but Vatsyayana says that money hasonly a limited importance, while a disaster that is once averted maynever occur again. Here, however, the choice should be guided by thegreatness or smallness of the disaster.
avoiding - ausweichen, meiden, fernbleiben, vermeiden, entkräften
somedisaster - eine Katastrophe
chanceof - Chance auf
importance - Bedeutung; Wichtigkeit, Belang
averted - abgewehrt; abwenden, abwenden, verhindern
maynever - vielleicht nie
occur - auftreten; passieren, vorkommen, stattfinden, einfallen
smallness - Kleinheit
The gains of the wealthiest and best kind of courtesans are to be spentas follows:
wealthiest - am reichsten; wohlhabend, reich
Building temples, tanks, and gardens; giving a thousand cows todifferent Brahmans; carrying on the worship of the Gods, and celebratingfestivals in their honour; and, lastly, performing such vows as may bewithin their means.
celebratingfestivals - Feste feiern
bewithin - in sich selbst
The gains of other courtesans are to be spent as follows:
Having a white dress to wear every day; getting sufficient food anddrink to satisfy hunger and thirst; eating daily a perfumed Tambula,_i.e._, a mixture of betel nut and betel leaves; and wearing ornamentsgilt with gold.
sufficient - genügend, ausreichend, hinreichend
anddrink - und trinken
hunger - hungern; Hunger
thirst - Durst; dürsten
ornamentsgilt - ornamente vergoldet
The Sages say that these represent the gains of all themiddle and lower classes of courtesans, but Vatsyayana is of opinionthat their gains cannot be calculated, or fixed in any way, as thesedepend on the influence of the place, the customs of the people, theirown appearance, and many other things.
themiddle - Mitte
thesedepend - die abhängig sind
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"In considering her present gains, and her future welfare, a courtesanshould avoid such persons as have gained their means of subsistence withvery great difficulty, as also those who have become selfish andhard-hearted by becoming the favourites of Kings."
courtesanshould - Kurtisane sollte
means of subsistence - Lebensunterhalt
withvery - mit allem
Selfish - egoistisch, selbstsüchtig, egozentrisch, checkegoistisch
andhard - und hart
"She should make every endeavour to unite herself with prosperous andwell-to-do people, and with those whom it is dangerous to avoid, or toslight in any way. Even at some cost to herself she should becomeacquainted with energetic and liberal-minded men, who when pleased wouldgive her a large sum of money, even for very little service, or for somesmall thing."
prosperous - wohlhabend
andwell - Und nun
becomeacquainted - Kennenlernen
energetic - energisch, energiegeladen, Energie
minded - aufpassen; Verstand, t+Geist, t+Sinn, Bewusstsein
wouldgive - geben würde
sum - Betrag, Summe, Geldbetrag
somesmall - etwas Kleines
OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OFTHE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.
It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expectedto be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, thecauses of these losses are:
expectedto - erwartet
realised - realisiert; erfassen, (Gewinn) erzielen, zu Geld machen
thecauses - die Ursachen
Weakness of intellect.
Excessive love.
Excessive pride.
Excessive self conceit.
conceit - Eingebung; Einbildung; Konzept
Excessive simplicity.
Excessive confidence.
Excessive anger.
Carelessness.
Recklessness.
recklessness - Leichtsinnigkeit, Fahrlässigkeit, Gewagtheit
Influence of evil genius.
genius - Genie; Genialität
Accidental circumstances.
The results of these losses are:
Expense incurred without any result.
Destruction of future good fortune.
Stoppage of gains about to be realized.
stoppage - Stillstand; Sperrung, Hemmung
realized - realisiert; verwirklichen, realisieren
Loss of what is already obtained.
Acquisition of a sour temper.
Becoming unaimiable to every body.
unaimiable - unvorhersehbar
Injury to health.
loss of hair and other accidents.
loss of hair - Haarausfall
accidents - Unfälle; Unfall, Zufall, Unfall, Unfall, Unfall
Now gain is of three kinds, viz.: gain of wealth, gain of religiousmerit, and gain of pleasure; and similarly, loss is of three kinds,viz.: loss of wealth, loss of religious merit, and loss of pleasure. Atthe time when gains are sought for, if other gains come along with them,these are called attendant gains. When gain is uncertain, the doubt ofits being a gain is called a simple doubt. When there is a doubtwhether either of two things will happen or not, it is called a mixeddoubt.
religiousmerit - religiöses Verdienst
uncertain - unsicher
ofits - von ihr
doubtwhether - zweifeln, ob
If while one thing is being done two results take place, it iscalled a combination of two results, and if several results follow fromthe same action, it is called a combination of results on every side.
We shall now give examples of the above.
As already stated, gain is of three kinds, and loss, which is opposed togain, is also of three kinds.
stated - erklärt; Statistik
(a). When by living with a great man a courtesan acquires presentwealth, and in addition to this becomes acquainted with other people,and thus obtains a chance of future fortune, and an accession of wealth,and becomes desirable to all, this is called a gain of wealth attendedby other gain.
acquires - erwirbt; erwerben, erwerben, akquirieren
presentwealth - gegenwärtigen Reichtum
accession - Beitritt; Zuwachs; Vermögenszuwachs; Antritt, Besteigung
attendedby - besucht
(b). When by living with a man a courtesan simply gets money, this iscalled a gain of wealth not attended by any other gain.
(c). When a courtesan receives money from other people besides herlover, the results are: the chance of the loss of future good from herpresent lover; the chance of disaffection of a man securely attached toher; the hatred of all; and the chance of a union with some low person,tending to destroy her future good. This gain is called a gain of wealthattended by losses.
herpresent - ihr Geschenk
disaffection - Enttäuschung; Unzufriedenheit
securely - sicher
hatred - Hass
tending - pflegend; abzielen
wealthattended - Reichtum besucht
(d). When a courtesan, at her own expense, and without any results inthe shape of gain, has connected with a great man, or an avariciousminister, for the sake of diverting some misfortune, or removing somecause that may be threatening the destruction of a great gain, this lossis said to be a loss of wealth attended by gains of the future goodwhich it may bring about.
avariciousminister - avaricious minister
diverting - ablenkend; umlenken, umleiten, ablenken, unterhalten
threatening - bedrohlich; drohend; (threaten); drohen, bedrohen, androhen
goodwhich - gut-was
(e). When a courtesan is kind, even at her own expense, to a man who isvery stingy, or to a man proud of his looks, or to an ungrateful manskilled in gaining the heart of others, without any good resulting fromthese connections to her in the end, this loss is called a loss ofwealth not attended by any gain.
stingy - geizig
ungrateful - undankbar
manskilled - qualifiziert
fromthese - von diesen
ofwealth - des Reichtums
(f). When a courtesan is kind to any such man as described above, butwho in addition are favourites of the King, and moreover cruel andpowerful, without any good result in the end, and with a chance of herbeing turned away at any moment, this loss is called a loss of wealthattended by other losses.
butwho - aber wer
cruel - schrecklich; grausam (gegen)
andpowerful - und kraftvoll
herbeing - Sie sein
In this way gains and losses, and attendant gains and losses inreligious merit and pleasures may become known to the reader, andcombinations of all of them may also be made.
andcombinations - undKombinationen
Thus end the remarks on gains and losses, and attendant gains andlosses.
andlosses - undVerluste
In the next place we come to doubts, which are again of three kinds,viz.: doubts about wealth, doubts about religious merit, and doubtsabout pleasures.
doubtsabout - Zweifeln Sie
The following are examples.
(a). When a courtesan is not certain how much a man may give her, orspend upon her, this is called a doubt about wealth.
orspend - oder ausgeben
(b). When a courtesan feels doubtful whether she is right in entirelyabandoning a lover from whom she is unable to get money, she havingtaken all his wealth from him in the first instance, this doubt iscalled a doubt about religious merit.
entirelyabandoning - völlig aufgeben
unable - unfähig, untauglich
havingtaken - genommen
(c). When a courtesan is unable to get hold of a lover to her liking,and is uncertain whether she will derive any pleasure from a personsurrounded by his family, or from a low person, this is called a doubtabout pleasure.
personsurrounded - Personen umzingelt
doubtabout - im Zweifel
(d). When a courtesan is uncertain whether some powerful but lowprincipled fellow would cause loss to her on account of her not beingcivil to him, this is called a doubt about the loss of wealth.
lowprincipled - prinzipienlos
beingcivil - zivilisiert sein
(e). When a courtesan feels doubtful whether she would lose religiousmerit by abandoning a man who is attached to her without giving him theslightest favour, and thereby causing him unhappiness in this world andthe next,[76] this doubt is called a doubt about the loss of a religiousmerit.
Abandoning - Aufgeben; im Stich lassen, preisgeben, verlassen, abbrechen
theslightest - am leichtesten
unhappiness - unglücklich; Traurigkeit, Unglück
(f). When a courtesan is uncertain as to whether she might createdisaffection by speaking out, and revealing her love and thus not gether desire satisfied, this is called a doubt about the loss of pleasure.
createdisaffection - eine Affinität geschaffen
revealing - aufschlussreich; gewagt
Thus end the remarks on doubts.
_Mixed Doubts_.
(a). The intercourse or connection with a stranger, whose disposition isunknown, and who may have been introduced by a lover, or by one whopossessed authority, may be productive either of gain or loss, andtherefore this is called a mixed doubt about the gain and loss ofwealth.
isunknown - ist nicht bekannt
whopossessed - Wer hat es gewusst
productive - produktiv
andtherefore - und deshalb
(b). When a courtesan is requested by a friend, or is impelled by pityto have intercourse with a learned Brahman, a religious student, asacrificer, a devotee, or an ascetic who may have all fallen in lovewith her, and who may be consequently at the point of death, by doingthis she might either gain or lose religious merit, and therefore thisis called a mixed doubt about the gain and loss of religious merit.
requested - angefordert; anfordern, erwünschen, verlangen nach, begehren
impelled - angetrieben; antreiben, vorantreiben, treiben, nötigen
asacrificer - Aufopferungsvoll
devotee - Bewunderer, Enthusiast, Fan, Anhänger
lovewith - mit lieben
doingthis - dies zu tun
(c). If a courtesan relies solely upon the report of other people (_i.e._,hearsay) about a man, and goes to him without ascertaining herselfwhether he possesses good qualities or not, she may either gain or losepleasure in proportion as he may be good or bad, and therefore this iscalled a mixed doubt about the gain and loss of pleasure.
relies - vertraut; sich verlassen (auf)
solely - nur; einzig und allein; ausschließlich, exklusiv, alleinig
hearsay - Hörensagen, Gerücht
ascertaining - feststellen
herselfwhether - sich selbst, ob
losepleasure - das Vergnügen verlieren
proportion - Verhältnis; Teil, Proportion, Anteil
Uddalika has described the gains and losses on both sides as follows.
(a). If, when living with a lover, a courtesan gets both wealth andpleasure from him, it is called a gain on both sides.
(b). When a courtesan lives with a lover at her own expense withoutgetting any profit out of it, and the lover even takes back from herwhat he may have formerly given her, it is called a loss on both sides.
withoutgetting - ohne etwas zu bekommen
profit - Gewinn, Profit, nützen, profitieren, erreichen, gewinnen
takes back - (take back) zurücknehmen
herwhat - Was
(c). When a courtesan is uncertain whether a new acquaintance wouldbecome attached to her, and, moreover, if he became attached to her,whether he would give her any thing, it is then called a doubt on bothsides about gains.
wouldbecome - werden würde
(d). When a courtesan is uncertain whether a former enemy, if made up byher at her own expense, would do her some injury on account of hisgrudge against her; or, if becoming attached to her, would take awayangrily from her any thing that he may have given to her, this is calleda doubt on both sides about loss.
hisgrudge - seinen Groll
awayangrily - wütend weg
Babhravya has described the gains and losses on both sides as follows.
(a). When a courtesan can get money from a man whom she may go to see,and also money from a man whom she may not go to see, this is called again on both sides.
(b). When a courtesan has to incur further expense if she goes to see aman, and yet runs the risk of incurring an irremediable loss if she doesnot go to see him, this is called a loss on both sides.
Risk - Risiko; riskieren; wagen
incurring - anfallen; zufügen, zurechnen, haftbar machen, in Haftung nehmen
irremediable - unabänderlich
(c). When a courtesan is uncertain, whether a particular man would giveher anything on her going to see him, without incurring expense on herpart, or whether on her neglecting him another man would give hersomething, this is called a doubt on both sides about gain.
neglecting - vernachlässigen, verabsäumen, versäumen, missachten
hersomething - Ihr etwas
(d.) When a courtesan is uncertain, whether, on going at her own expenseto see an old enemy, he would take back from her what he may have givenher, or whether by her not going to see him he would cause some disasterto fall upon her, this is called a doubt on both sides about loss.
expenseto - Kosten zu
take back - zurücknehmen
givenher - ihr gegeben
disasterto - katastrophe zu
By combining the above, the following six kinds of mixed results areproduced, viz.:
combining - kombinieren, verbinden, vereinen
areproduced - produziert werden
(a). Gain on one side, and loss on the other.
(b). Gain on one side, and doubt of gain on the other.
(c). Gain on one side, and doubt of loss on the other.
(d). Loss on one side, and doubt of gain on the other.
(e). Doubt of gain on one side, and doubt of loss on the other.
(f). Doubt of loss on one side, and loss on the other.
A courtesan, having considered all the above things, and taken councilwith her friends, should act so as to acquire gain, the chances of greatgain, and the warding off of any great disaster. Religious merit andpleasure should also be formed into separate combinations like those ofwealth, and then all should be combined with each other, so as to formnew combinations.
councilwith - mit dem Rat
chances - Chancen; riskieren, zufällig geschehen; Chance, Zufall
warding - Vorbeugung; (ward) abwehren
combined - kombiniert; kombinieren, verbinden, vereinen
When a courtesan consorts with men she should cause each of them to giveher money as well as pleasure. At particular times, such as the SpringFestivals, etc., she should make her mother announce to the various men,that on a certain day her daughter would remain with the man who wouldgratify such and such a desire of hers.
consorts - Gattinnen; Gemahl, Gemahlin
announce - ankündigen, verkünden, bekanntgeben, verkündigen
wouldgratify - gratulieren würde
When young men approach her with delight, she should think of what shemay accomplish through them.
The combination of gains and losses on all sides are: gain on one side,and loss on all others; loss on one side and gain on all others; gain onall sides, loss on all sides.
onall - alles
A courtesan should also consider doubts about gain and doubts about losswith reference both to wealth, religious merit, and pleasure.
losswith - Verlust mit
Thus ends the consideration of gain, loss, attendant gains, attendantlosses, and doubts.
attendantlosses - Begleiterscheinungsverluste
The different kinds of courtesans are:
A bawd.
bawd - Puffmutter; Kupplerin
A female attendant.
An unchaste woman.
A dancing girl.
A female artisan.
Artisan - Kunsthandwerker; Handwerker, Handwerkerin
A woman who has left her family.
A woman living on her beauty.
And, finally, a regular courtesan.
All the above kinds of courtesans are acquainted with various kinds ofmen, and should consider the ways of getting money from them, ofpleasing them, of separating themselves from them, and of re-unitingwith them. They should also take into consideration particular gains andlosses, attendant gains and losses, and doubts in accordance with theirseveral conditions.
ofpleasing - zu gefallen
separating - einzeln, getrennt, separat, getrennt, separat, trennen
unitingwith - mit vereinigen
theirseveral - ihremehreren
Thus end the considerations of courtesans.
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"Men want pleasure, while women want money, and therefore this Part,which treats of the means of gaining wealth, should be studied."
"There are some women who seek for love, and there are others who seekfor money; for the former the ways of love are told in previous portionsof this work, while the ways of getting money, as practised bycourtesans, are described in this Part."
seekfor - suchen
portionsof - Portionen von
bycourtesans - von Courtesanern
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 76: The souls of men who die with their desires unfulfilledare said to go to the world of the Manes, and not direct to the SupremeSpirit.]
souls - Seelen; Inbrunst, Seele, Gefühl, Herz
unfulfilledare - unerfüllt sind
=END OF PART VI.=
ABOUT THE MEANS OF ATTRACTING OTHERS TO YOURSELF.
ON PERSONAL ADORNMENT; ON SUBJUGATING THE HEARTS OF OTHERS; AND ON TONICMEDICINES.
When a person fails to obtain the object of his desires by any of theways previously related, he should then have recourse to other ways ofattracting others to himself.
fails - versagt; mangelhaft (Zensur 5)
ofattracting - der Anziehung
Now, good looks, good qualities, youth, and liberality are the chief andmost natural means of making a person agreeable in the eyes of others.But in the absence of these a man or a woman must have resort toartificial means, or to art, and the following are some recipes that maybe found useful.
andmost - und am meisten
toartificial - zu künstlich
recipes - Rezepte; Rezept
(a). An ointment made of the tabernamontana coronaria, the costusspeciosus or arabicus, and the flacourtia cataphracta, can be used as anunguent of adornment.
(b). If a fine powder is made of the above plants, and applied to thewick of a lamp, which is made to burn with the oil of blue vitrol, theblack pigment or lamp black produced therefrom, when applied to theeye-lashes, has the effect of making a person look lovely.
powder - Puder, g; (''otherwise:'') Pulver, Puder
burn - verbrennen; brennen, feuern, leuchten
pigment - Pigment; Farbstoff, checkPigment, pigmentieren
therefrom - davon ab
lashes - Wimpern; Peitsche, Wimper; anbinden
(c). The oil of the hog weed, the echites putescens, the sarina plant,the yellow amaranth, and the leaf of the nymphæ, if applied to the body,has the same effect.
hog - Schwein
weed - Unkraut; aussondern, ausscheiden; (wee) Unkraut; aussondern
(d). A black pigment from the same plants produce a similar effect.
(e). By eating the powder of the nelumbrium speciosum, the blue lotus,and the mesna roxburghii, with ghee and honey, a man becomes lovely inthe eyes of others.
honey - Schatz; Honig
(f). The above things, together with the tabernamontana coronaria, andthe xanthochymus pictorius, if used as an ointment, produce the sameresults.
sameresults - die gleichen Ergebnisse
(g). If the bone of a peacock or of an hyena be covered with gold, andtied on the right hand, it makes a man lovely in the eyes of otherpeople.
bone - Knochen
hyena - Hyäne
andtied - und gefesselt
(h). In the same way, if a bead, made of the seed of the jujube, or ofthe conch shell, be enchanted by the incantations mentioned in theAtharvana Veda, or by the incantations of those well skilled in thescience of magic, and tied on the hand, it produces the same result asdescribed above.
bead - Perle; Tropfen
jujube - Jujube, chinesische Dattel, Brustbeere
conch - Muschel; conchieren
shell - Muschel; Schale, Eierschale, Hülse, Granate, Hülle, Shell
enchanted - verzaubert; verzaubern, verzaubern
theAtharvana - dasAtharvana
thescience - die Wissenschaft
tied - gebunden; zusammenbinden
produces - produziert; produzieren, herstellen, vorlegen, produzieren
asdescribed - wie beschrieben
(i). When a female attendant arrives at the age of puberty, her mastershould keep her secluded, and when men ardently desire her on account ofher seclusion, and on account of the difficulty of approaching her, heshould then bestow her hand on such a person as may endow her withwealth and happiness.
arrives at - gelangt
mastershould - Meister sollte
secluded - Abgelegen; absondern, abschließen
seclusion - Abgeschiedenheit, Abschottung, Absonderung
approaching - sich nähern, nahekommen, ähnlich sein
bestow - verstauen, einlagern, unterbringen, schenken, verleihen
endow - stiften; ausstatten
withwealth - mit Reichtum
This is a means of increasing the loveliness of a person in the eyes ofothers.
loveliness - Lieblichkeit
In the same way, when the daughter of a courtesan arrives at the age ofpuberty, the mother should get together a lot of young men of the sameage, disposition, and knowledge as her daughter, and tell them that shewould give her in marriage to the person who would give her presents ofa particular kind.
ofpuberty - der Pubertät
sameage - gleichberechtigt
After this the daughter should be kept in seclusion as far as possible,and the mother should give her in marriage to the man who may be readyto give her the presents agreed upon. If the mother is unable to get somuch out of the man, she should show some of her own things as havingbeen given to the daughter by the bridegroom.
havingbeen - gewesen zu sein
bridegroom - Bräutigam
Or, the mother may allow her daughter to be married to the manprivately, as if she was ignorant of the whole affair, and thenpretending that it has come to her knowledge, she may give her consentto the union.
allow - erlauben, zulassen, akzeptieren, mit einberechnen
manprivately - Mannprivat
thenpretending - dann vorgeben
The daughter, too, should make herself attractive to the sons of wealthycitizens, unknown to her mother, and make them attached to her, and forthis purpose should meet them at the time of learning to sing, and inplaces where music is played, and at the houses of other people, andthen request her mother, through a female friend, or servant, to beallowed to unite herself to the man who is most agreeable to her.[77]
attractive - attraktiv
wealthycitizens - Wohlstandsbürger
unknown - unbekannt; Unbekannte; Unbekannter
forthis - vor
beallowed - erlaubt sein
When the daughter of a courtesan is thus given to a man, the ties ofmarriage should be observed for one year, and after that she may do whatshe likes. But even after the end of the year, when otherwise engaged,if she should be now and then invited by her first husband to come andsee him, she should put aside her present gain, and go to him for thenight.
whatshe - Dingsbums
andsee - und sehen
thenight - Und dann
Such is the mode of temporary marriage among courtesans, and ofincreasing their loveliness, and their value in the eyes of others. Whathas been said about them should also be understood to apply to thedaughters of dancing women, whose mothers should give them only to suchpersons as are likely to become useful to them in various ways.
mode - Betriebsart, Betrieb, Modus, Art
temporary - zeitweilig, temporär, vorübergehend, Zeitarbeitskraft
ofincreasing - zu erhöhen
thedaughters - die Töchter
suchpersons - solche Personen
Likely - gleicht, ähnlich, wahrscheinlich, voraussichtlich
Thus end the ways of making oneself lovely in the eyes of others.
(a). If a man, after anointing his lingam with a mixture of the powdersof the white thorn apple, the long pepper, and the black pepper, andhoney, engages in sexual union with a woman, he makes her subject to hiswill.
anointing - Salbung; ölen, schmieren, einreiben, ölen, salben
powdersof - Pulver von
thorn - Dornen; Dorn
andhoney - undHonig
hiswill - seinen Willen
(b). The application of a mixture of the leaf of the plant vatodbhranta,of the flowers thrown on a human corpse when carried out to be burnt,and the powder of the bones of the peacock, and of the jiwanjiva bird,produces the same effect.
corpse - Leiche, Leichnam
bones - Knochen
(c). The remains of a kite who has died a natural death, ground intopowder, and mixed with cowach and honey, has also the same effect.
kite - flitzen; Drachen, Milan
(d). Anointing oneself with an ointment made of the plant emblicamyrabolans has the power of subjecting women to one's will.
(e).
If a man cuts into small pieces the sprouts of the vajnasunhiplant, and dips them into a mixture of red arsenic and sulphur, and thendries them seven times, and applies this powder mixed with honey to hislingam, he can subjugate a woman to his will directly that he has hadsexual union with her, or, if, by burning these very sprouts at nightand looking at the smoke, he sees a golden moon behind, he will then besuccessful with any woman; or if he throws some of the powder of thesesame sprouts mixed with the excrement of a monkey upon a maiden, shewill not be given in marriage to any body else.
cuts into - (cut into) einschnüren (einengen)
dips - einfallen, sich senken, sich neigen, färben; Dip, Tunke
sulphur - Schwefel
seven times - siebenmal
subjugate - unterjochen, unterwerfen
hadsexual - hadsexuell
burning - Verbrennen; brennend; Verbrennung; (burn) Verbrennen; brennend; Verbrennung
nightand - Nacht und
Golden - golden, goldgelb
besuccessful - erfolgreich sein
thesesame - dasselbe
excrement - Exkremente; Kot
monkey - Affe, Äffin
(f). If pieces of the arris root are dressed with the oil of the mango,and placed for six months in a hole made in the trunk of the sisu tree,and are then taken out and made up into an ointment, and applied to thelingam, this is said to serve as the means of subjugating women.
arris - scharfe Kante
mango - Mangobaum; Mango
hole - Bohrung, Markierung, Höhle, Loch
(g).
If the bone of a camel is dipped into the juice of the planteclipta prostata, and then burnt, and the black pigment produced fromits ashes is placed in a box also made of the bone of a camel, andapplied together with antimony to the eye lashes with a pencil also madeof the bone of a camel, then that pigment is said to be very pure, andwholesome for the eyes, and serves as a means of subjugating others tothe person who uses it. The same effect can be produced by black pigmentmade of the bones of hawks, vultures, and peacocks.
camel - Kamel
dipped into - eingetaucht
fromits - vonits
andapplied - und angewandt
antimony - Antimon
madeof - hergestellt aus
andwholesome - und gesundheitsfördernd
hawks - Falken; Falke, Habicht; auf der Straße verkaufen, beizen (Jagd)
vultures - Geier, Geierin, Aasgeier
Thus end the ways of subjugating others to one's own will.
Now the means of increasing sexual vigour are as follows:
vigour - Vitalität; Ausdruckskraft, Energie, Leidenschaftlichkeit
(a). A man obtains sexual vigour by drinking milk mixed with sugar, theroot of the uchchata plant, the piper chaba, and liquorice.
theroot - Wurzel
piper - Pfeifer, Dudelsackspieler
liquorice - Süßholz, Lakritze, Lakritz
(b). Drinking milk mixed with sugar, and having the testicle of a ram ora goat boiled in it, is also productive of vigour.
testicle - Hoden, Testikel
boiled - gekocht; kochen, sieden, ich/er/sie/es siedete, sott; Furunkel
(c). The drinking of the juice of the hedysarum gangeticum, the kuili,and the kshirika plant mixed with milk, produces the same effect.
(d). The seed of the long pepper along with the seeds of the sansevieraroxburghiana, and the hedysarum gangeticum plant, all pounded together,and mixed with milk, is productive of a similar result.
(e). According to ancient authors, if a man pounds the seeds or roots ofthe trapa bispinosa, the kasurika, the tuscan jasmine, and liquorice,together with the kshirakapoli (a kind of onion), and puts the powderinto milk mixed with sugar and ghee, and having boiled the whole mixtureon a moderate fire, drinks the paste so formed, he will be able to enjoyinnumerable women.
Tuscan - Toskanisch; Toskaner, Toskanerin
powderinto - Pulver in
paste - Paste; Teig, Pastete, Kleister, Klebstoff, Kitt, Strass
enjoyinnumerable - Unzählige genießen
(f). In the same way, if a man mixes rice with the eggs of the sparrow,and having boiled this in milk, adds to it ghee and honey, and drinks asmuch of it as necessary, this will produce the same effect.
mixes - Mischungen; verrühren, mischen, mixen, vermischen, versetzen
asmuch - wie viel
(g). If a man takes the outer covering of sesamum seeds, and soaks themwith the eggs of sparrows, and then, having boiled them in milk, mixedwith sugar and ghee, along with the fruits of the trapa bispinosa andthe kasurika plant, and adding to it the flour of wheat and beans, andthen drinks this composition, he is said to be able to enjoy many women.
soaks - durchnässen, tränken, einweichen, durchziehen, Einweichen
themwith - mit ihnen
sparrows - Spatzen; Sperling, Spatz
mixedwith - gemischt mit
beans - Bohnenpflanze, Bohne, Bean
composition - Zusammenstellung; Zusammensetzung, Komposition
(h). If ghee, honey, sugar, and liquorice in equal quantities, the juiceof the fennel plant, and milk are mixed together, this nectar-likecomposition is said to be holy, and provocative of sexual vigour, apreservative of life, and sweet to the taste.
juiceof - Saft von
nectar - Nektar
likecomposition - wie Komposition
provocative - provokativ; provokant
apreservative - ein Konservierungsmittel
(i). The drinking of a paste composed of the asparagus racemosus, theshvadaushtra plant, the guduchi plant, the long pepper, and liquorice,boiled in milk, honey, and ghee, in the spring, is said to have the sameeffect as the above.
asparagus - Spargel
sameeffect - gleiche Wirkung
(j). Boiling the asparagus racemosus, and the shvadaushtra plant, alongwith the pounded fruits of the premna spinosa in water, and drinking thesame, is said to act in the same way.
boiling - kochend; (boil); kochend
(k). Drinking boiled ghee, or clarified butter in the morning during thespring season, is said to be beneficial to health and strength, andagreeable to the taste.
beneficial - nützlich
(l). If the powder of the seed of the shvadaushtra plant and the flowerof barley are mixed together in equal parts, and a portion of it, _i.e._,two palas in weight, is eaten every morning on getting up, it has thesame effect as the preceding recipe.
barley - Gerste
weight - Gewicht; beschweren, gewichten
getting up - aufstehend
preceding - vorangegangen; vorangehen, vorausgehen
recipe - Rezept, Kochrezept
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"The means[78] of producing love and sexual vigour should be learnt fromthe science of medicine, from the Vedas, from those who are learned inthe arts of magic, and from confidential relatives. No means should betried which are doubtful in their effects, which are likely to causeinjury to the body, which involve the death of animals, and which bringus in contact with impure things.
Vedas - Veda, Veden-p
betried - betrogen
causeinjury - eine Verletzung verursachen
involve - einbeziehen; umfassen, etwas komplizieren, gehen um, verwirren
Such means should only be used as areholy, acknowledged to be good, and approved of by Brahmans, andfriends."
areholy - heilig sind
acknowledged - zur Kenntnis nehmen, erkennen, bekennen, anerkennen
andfriends - und Freunde
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 77: It is a custom of the courtesans of Oriental countries togive their daughters temporarily in marriage when they come of age, andafter they have received an education in the Kama Sutra and other arts.Full details are given of this at page 76 of "Early Ideas, a group ofHindoo stories, collected and collated by Anaryan. W. H. Allen and Co.,London, 1881."]
togive - zu geben
temporarily - vorübergehend
ofHindoo - vonHindoo
collated - zusammengetragen; abgleichen, kollationieren, vergleichen
[Footnote 78: From the earliest times Oriental authors have occupiedthemselves about aphrodisiacs. The following note on the subject istaken from page 29 of a translation of the Hindoo Art of Love, otherwisethe Anunga Runga, alluded to in the preface of this work, Part I., pages3 and 5:--"most eastern treatises divide aphrodisiacs into two differentkinds: 1.
occupiedthemselves - sich selbst beschäftigt
aphrodisiacs - Aphrodisiaka; aphrodisisch, Aphrodisiakum
istaken - ist genommen
otherwisethe - sonst
most eastern - östlichste
treatises - Abhandlungen; Abhandlung, Traktat
divide - aufteilen, einteilen, dividieren, Trennlinie
the mechanical or natural, such as scarification,flagellation, etc.; and 2., the medicinal or artificial. To the formerbelong the application of insects, as is practised by some savage races;and all orientalists will remember the tale of the old Brahman, whoseyoung wife insisted upon his being again stung by a wasp."]
mechanical - mechanisch
scarification - Skarifizierung; Sakrifizierung
flagellation - Geißelung
medicinal - medikamentös, medizinal, medizinisch, Arznei
formerbelong - ehemaliger Angehöriger
Insects - Insekten; Insekt
savage - Wilde; wild, wüst, unbebaut, unbändig, rasend
races - um die Wette rennen; Rasse, Menschenschlag, Rennen
Orientalists - Orientalisten; Orientalist, Orientalistin
Tale - Geschichte, Erzählung, Fabel
whoseyoung - Wer ist jung
insisted - darauf bestanden; auf , bestehen
stung - gestochen; Stachel, brennender Schmerz
wasp - die Wespe
OF THE WAYS OF EXCITING DESIRE, AND MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS, ANDRECIPES.
If a man is unable to satisfy a Hastini, or elephant woman, he shouldhave recourse to various means to excite her passion. At thecommencement he should rub her yoni with his hand or fingers, and notbegin to have intercourse with her until she becomes excited, orexperiences pleasure. This is one way of exciting a woman.
shouldhave - Hätte
thecommencement - derBeginn
notbegin - nicht beginnen
orexperiences - oderErfahrungen
Or, he may make use of certain Apadravyas, or things which are put on oraround the lingam to supplement its length or its thickness, so as tofit it to the yoni.
oraround - oder herum
supplement - Ergänzung; Nachtrag; q
thickness - Dicke
tofit - tauglich
In the opinion of Babhravya, these Apadravyas shouldbe made of gold, silver, copper, iron, ivory, buffalo's horn, variouskinds of wood, tin or lead, and should be soft, cool, provocative ofsexual vigour, and well fitted to serve the intended purpose.Vatsyayana, however, says that they may be made according to the naturalliking of each individual.
tin - Zinn
intended purpose - Verwendungszweck
naturalliking - Naturbelassenheit
The following are the different kinds of Apadravyas.
(1). "The armlet" (Valaya) should be of the same size as the lingam, andshould have its outer surface made rough with globules.
armlet - Armreif, Armbinde
surface - Oberfläche; auftauchen; publik werden, ans Licht kommen
globules - Globuli; Kügelchen
(2). "The couple" (Sanghati) is formed of two armlets.
couple - Paar; einige, ein paar
(3). "The bracelet" (Chudaka) is made by joining three or more armlets,until they come up to the required length of the lingam.
bracelet - Armband
(4). "The single bracelet" is formed by wrapping a single wire aroundthe lingam, according to its dimensions.
wrapping - verpacken; einpacken, einwickeln
wire - Draht, Ader, Wanze, Geld
aroundthe - um die
(5). The Kantuka or Jalaka is a tube open at both ends, with a holethrough it, outwardly rough and studded with soft globules, and made tofit the side of the yoni, and tied to the waist.
tube - Schlauch; Rohr, Röhre, Tube
holethrough - Loch durch
outwardly - nach außen hin; äußerlich
studded - bespickt; übersäen, verzieren, verstreut sein
When such a thing cannot be obtained, then a tube made of the woodapple, or tubular stalk of the bottle gourd, or a reed made soft withoil and extracts of plants, and tied to the waist with strings, may bemade use of, as also a row of soft pieces of wood tied together.
woodapple - Holzapfel
tubular - röhrenförmig
stalk - jdn. belauern;Stiel , Stengel
reed - Schilf, Ried, Schilfrohr
strings - Schnur, Zeichenkette, String, Saite, String, auffädeln
Row - Rudern; Reihe, Zeile
pieces of wood - Scheite
The above are the things that can be used in connection with or in theplace of the lingam.
The people of the southern countries think that true sexual pleasurecannot be obtained without perforating the lingam, and they thereforecause it to be pierced like the lobes of the ears of an infant piercedfor earrings.
pleasurecannot - Vergnügenkannnicht
perforating - perforieren
thereforecause - deshalb
lobes - Hirnlappen
piercedfor - durchbohrt für
earrings - Ohrringe; Ohrring
Now, when a young man perforates his lingam he should pierce it with asharp instrument, and then stand in water so long as the blood continuesto flow. At night he should engage in sexual intercourse, even withvigour, so as to clean the hole. After this he should continue to washthe hole with decoctions, and increase the size by putting into it smallpieces of cane, and the wrightia antidysenterica, and thus graduallyenlarging the orifice.
perforates - durchlöchert; perforieren
pierce - lochen, durchbohren
blood - anbluten
continuesto - fortsetzen
flow - Wasserführung; ich flösse, ich/er/sie floss (floß
withvigour - mit Elan
washthe - Was ist das
decoctions - Abkochungen; Abkochung, Dekokt
smallpieces - Kleinteile
cane - Schilfrohr; Rohr; Rohrstock; Blindenstock, weisser Langstock
graduallyenlarging - allmählich vergrößert
orifice - Blende; Öffnung
It may also be washed with liquorice mixed withhoney, and the size of the hole increased by the fruit stalks of thesima-patra plant. The hole should be annointed with a small quantity ofoil.
withhoney - mit Geld
stalks - Stängel; jdn. belauern; Stiel, Stengel
annointed - gesalbt
ofoil - von Öl
The ways of enlarging the lingam must be now related.
When a man wishes to enlarge his lingam, he should rub it with thebristles of certain insects that live in trees, and then, after rubbingit for ten nights with oils, he should again rub it with the bristles asbefore. By continuing to do this a swelling will be gradually producedin the lingam, and he should then lie on a cot, and cause his lingam tohang down through a hole in the cot.
enlarge - vergrößern
bristles - Borsten; Borste, Borste
rubbingit - reiben
oils - ölen; Ă–l
continuing - fortsetzen, weiterhin
swelling - Schwellungen; Anschwellen
producedin - hergestellt in
cot - Kinderbett; Hütte; Feldbett
After this he should take away allthe pain from the swelling by using cool concoctions. The swelling,which is called "Suka," and is often brought about among the people ofthe Dravida country, lasts for life.
concoctions - Gebräu; Mischen
lasts - dauert; letzte, zuletzt, letzter, vorig; dauern, andauern
If the lingam is rubbed with the following things, viz., the plantphysalis flexuosa, the shavara-kandaka plant, the jalasuka plant, thefruit of the egg plant, the butter of a she buffalo, the hastri-charmaplant, and the juice of the vajra-rasa plant, a swelling lasting for onemonth will be produced.
onemonth - einmonatig
By rubbing it with oil boiled in the concoctions of the above things,the same effect will be produced, but lasting for six months.
The enlargement of the lingam is also effected by rubbing it ormoistening it with oil boiled on a moderate fire along with the seeds ofthe pomegranate, and the cucumber, the juices of the valuka plant, thehasti-charma plant, and the egg-plant.
ormoistening - oder Befeuchtung
pomegranate - Granatapfel, Grenadine
charma - Charme
In addition to the above, other means may be learnt from experienced andconfidential persons.
experienced - Erlebnis
andconfidential - und vertraulich
The miscellaneous experiments and recipes are as follows:
(a). If a man mixes the powder of the milk hedge plant, and the kantakaplant with the excrement of a monkey, and the powdered root of thelanjalalika plant, and throws this mixture on a woman, she will not loveany body else afterwards.
hedge - Hecke
powdered - pulverisiert; Puder, g
(b). If a man thickens the juice of the fruits of the cassia fistula,and the eugenia jambolana by mixing them with the powder of the somaplant, the vernonia anthelmintica, the eclipta prostata, and thelohopa-jihirka, and applies this composition to the yoni of a woman, andthen has sexual intercourse with her, his love for her will bedestroyed.
thickens - verdickt; verdicken
fistula - Fistel
eugenia - Eugenie
mixing - verrühren, mischen, mixen, vermischen, versetzen
eclipta - Eklipta
bedestroyed - zerstört werden
(c). The same effect is produced if a man has connection with a womanwho has bathed in the butter-milk of a she-buffalo mixed with thepowders of the gopalika plant, the banu-padika plant, and the yellowamaranth.
(d). An ointment made of the flowers of the nauclea cadamba, the hogplum, and the eugenia jambolana, and used by a woman, causes her to bedisliked by her husband.
bedisliked - unbeliebt
(e). Garlands made of the above flowers, when worn by the woman, producethe same effect.
producethe - produzieren
(f). An ointment made of the fruit of the asteracantha longifolia(kokilaksha) will contract the yoni of a Hastini or elephant woman, andthis contraction lasts for one night.
contraction - Verkleinerung, Kontraktion, Schrumpfung, Schrumpfen
(g). An ointment made by pounding the roots of the nelumbrium speciosum,and of the blue lotus, and the powder of the plant physalis flexuosamixed with ghee and honey, will enlarge the yoni of the Mrigi or deerwoman.
physalis - Blasenkirsche, Judenkirsche, Physalis, Kapstachelbeere
deerwoman - Wildhüterin
(h). An ointment made of the fruit of the emblica myrabolans soaked inthe milky juice of the milk hedge plant, of the soma plant, thecalotropis gigantea, and the juice of the fruit of the vernoniaanthelmintica, will make the hair white.
myrabolans - Myrabolanen
soaked - durchtränkt; durchnässen, tränken, einweichen, durchziehen
Milky - milchig
(i). The juice of the roots of the madayantaka plant, the yellowamaranth, the anjanika plant, the clitoria ternateea, and theshlakshnaparni plant, used as a lotion, will make the hair grow.
clitoria - Klitoris
lotion - Lotion
(j). An ointment made by boiling the above roots in oil, and rubbed in,will make the hair black, and will also gradually restore hair that hasfallen off.
(k) If lac is saturated seven times in the sweat of the testicle of awhite horse, and applied to a red lip, the lip will become white.
saturated - gesättigt; sättigen, sättigen
(l). The colour of the lips can be regained by means of the madayantikaand other plants mentioned above under (i).
regained - wiedergewonnen; wiedergewinnen
(m). A woman who hears a man playing on a reed pipe which has beendressed with the juices of the bahupadika plant, the tabernamontanacoronaria, the costus speciosus or arabicus, the pinus deodora, theeuphorbia antiquorum, the vajra and the kantaka plant, becomes hisslave.
pipe - Flöte; Orgelpfeife; Rohr; senkrechter Strich
beendressed - angezogen sein
hisslave - Sklave
(n). If food be mixed with the fruit of the thorn apple (Dathura) itcauses intoxication.
itcauses - es verursacht
(o). If water be mixed with oil and the ashes of any kind of grassexcept the kusha grass, it becomes the colour of milk.
(p). If yellow myrabolans, the hog plum, the shrawana plant, and thepriyangu plant be all pounded together, and applied to iron pots, thesepots become red.
plum - Pflaumenbaum; Pflaume, Zwetschke (österr.)
thesepots - diese Töpfe
(q). If a lamp, trimmed with oil extracted from the shrawana andpriyangn plants, its wick being made of cloth and the slough of theskins of snakes, is lighted, and long pieces of wood placed near it,those pieces of wood will resemble so many snakes.
trimmed - zurechtgestutzt; kürzen, nachschneiden, schneiden, stutzen
extracted - extrahiert; Auszug, Auszug, Extrakt
wick - der Docht
slough - Sumpf
theskins - die Häute
resemble - ähneln, gleichen
(r). Drinking the milk of a white cow who has a white calf at her feetis auspicious, produces fame, and preserves life.
feetis - die Füße
(s). The blessings of venerable Brahmans, well propitiated, have thesame effect.
blessings - Segnungen; Segen, Segnung, Segnen, Segen, Segnung, Segnen
propitiated - besänftigt; besänftigen
There are also some verses in conclusion:
"Thus have I written in a few words the 'Science of love,'after readingthe texts of ancient authors, and following the ways of enjoymentmentioned in them."
readingthe - Lesen der
enjoymentmentioned - Genuss erwähnt
"He who is acquainted with the true principles of this science paysregard to Dharma, Artha, Kama, and to his own experiences, as well as tothe teachings of others, and does not act simply on the dictates of hisown desire. As for the errors in the science of love which I havementioned in this work, on my own authority as an author, I have,immediately after mentioning them, carefully censured and prohibitedthem."
paysregard - bezahlt
experiences - Erfahrungen; Erlebnis
teachings - unterrichten, beibringen, lehren
dictates - diktiert; Diktat
errors - Fehler, Fehler, Irrtum
mentioning - zu erwähnen; Erwähnung, erwähnen
censured - zensiert; Tadel, Zurechtweisung, Kritik, Ermahnung, Tadeln
prohibitedthem - sie verboten
"An act is never looked upon with indulgence for the simple reason thatit is authorised by the science, because it ought to be remembered thatit is the intention of the science, that the rules which it containsshould only be acted upon in particular cases. After reading andconsidering the works of Babhravya and other ancient authors, andthinking over the meaning of the rules given by them, the Kama Sutra wascomposed, according to the precepts of Holy Writ, for the benefit of theworld, by Vatsyayana, while leading the life of a religious student, andwholly engaged in the contemplation of the Deity.
indulgence - Ablasshandel; Nachgiebigkeit, Nachsicht, Milde, Nachsichtigkeit
thatit - dass es
authorised - genehmigt; bevollmächtigen, bewilligen, genehmigen
containsshould - enthaltennSollte
andconsidering - undüberlegen
andthinking - und Denken
wascomposed - komponiert wurde
theworld - die Welt
andwholly - undganz
"This work is not intended to be used merely as an instrument forsatisfying our desires. A person, acquainted with the true principles ofthis science, and who preserves his Dharma, Artha, and Kama, and hasregard for the practices of the people, is sure to obtain the masteryover his senses."
hasregard - nicht beachtet
"In short, an intelligent and prudent person, attending to Dharma andArtha, and attending to Kama also, without becoming the slave of hispassions, obtains success in everything that he may undertake."
Prudent - umsichtig, vorsichtig
andArtha - undArtha
hispassions - seine Leidenschaften
undertake - unternehmen, ausführen, verpflichten
=END OF PART VII.=
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
concluding - abschließend; beenden, schließen, zu Ende führen, abschließen
Thus ends, in seven parts, the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, which mightotherwise be called a treatise on men and women, their mutualrelationship, and connection with each other.
mightotherwise - könnte es anders sein
mutualrelationship - gegenseitige Beziehung
It is a work that should be studied by all, both old and young; theformer will find in it real truths, gathered by experience, and alreadytested by themselves, while the latter will derive the great advantageof learning things, which some perhaps may otherwise never learn at all,or which they may only learn when it is too late ("too late" thoseimmortal words of Mirabeau) to profit by the learning.
truths - Wahrheiten; Wahrheit, Wahrheit, Wahrheit, Treue, Wahrheit
gathered - gesammelt; sammeln, versammeln
by experience - aus Erfahrung
alreadytested - bereits getestet
advantageof - Vorteil
thoseimmortal - die unsterblich sind
It can also be fairly commended to the student of social science and ofhumanity, and above all to the student of those early ideas, which havegradually filtered down through the sands of time, and which seem toprove that the human nature of to-day is much the same as the humannature of the long ago.
commended - gelobt; belobigen, beglückwünschen, loben, anvertrauen
social science - Sozialwissenschaft
ofhumanity - der Menschlichkeit
havegradually - allmählich haben
filtered - gefiltert; Filter, Filter, Filter, filtern, filtern, filtrieren
sands - Sande; Sand
humannature - die menschliche Natur
It has been said of Balzac [the great, if not the greatest of Frenchnovelists] that he seemed to have inherited a natural and intuitiveperception of the feelings of men and women, and has described them withan analysis worthy of a man of science. The author of the present workmust also have had a considerable knowledge of the humanities.
inherited - geerbt; erben, übernehmen, erben, erben, vererben
intuitiveperception - intuitive Wahrnehmung
withan - mitan
workmust - Arbeitssucht
Many ofhis remarks are so full of simplicity and truth, that they have stoodthe test of time, and stand out still as clear and true as when theywere first written, some eighteen hundred years ago.
stoodthe - stand der
As a collection of facts, told in plain and simple language, it must beremembered that in those early days there was apparently no idea ofembellishing the work, either with a literary style, a flow oflanguage, or a quantity of superfluous padding. The author tells theworld what he knows in very concise language, without any attempt toproduce an interesting story.
beremembered - erinnerst du dich
ofembellishing - der Verschönerung
oflanguage - der Sprache
superfluous - überflüssig
padding - Polsterung; Füllung; (pad) Polsterung; Füllung
concise - kurz, prägnant, knapp, konzis
toproduce - zu produzieren
From his facts how many novels could bewritten! Indeed much of the matter contained in parts III. IV. V. andVI., has formed the basis of many of the stories and the tales of pastcenturies.
bewritten - geschrieben
in parts - streckenweise
andVI - undVI
basis - Fundament; Basis, Grundlage
pastcenturies - vergangenen Jahrhunderten
There will be found in part VII., some curious recipes. Many of themappear to be as primitive as the book itself, but in later works of thesame nature these recipes and prescriptions appear to have increased,both as regards quality and quantity.
primitive - primitiv; Wortstamm & Stamm, Stammwort, Urwort
prescriptions - Verschreibungen; Rezept
In the Anunga Runga or "The Stageof Love," mentioned at page 5 of the Preface in Part I., there are foundno less than thirty-three different subjects for which one hundred andthirty recipes and prescriptions are given.
foundno - gefundennicht
andthirty - und dreißig
As the details may be interesting, these subjects are described asfollows:
1. For hastening the paroxysm of the woman.
hastening - eilig; hasten, beeilen
paroxysm - Paroxysmus
2. For delaying the organs of the man.
delaying - verzögern; Verspätung, Verzögerung, Verzug
3. Aphrodisiacs.
4. For thickening and enlarging the lingam, rendering it sound andstrong, hard and lusty.
thickening - Dickwerden; Verdickungsmittel; (thicken); Dickwerden; Verdickungsmittel
rendering - wiedergebend, huldigend, Aufführung; (render) wiedergebend
andstrong - undstark
lusty - lüstern; rüstig, kräftig
5. For narrowing and contracting the yoni.
narrowing - Verengung; einengend; (narrow) Verengung; einengend
6. For perfuming the yoni.
7. For removing and destroying the hair of the body.
destroying - zerstören, vernichten, qualifier
8. For removing the sudden stopping of the monthly ailment.
sudden - plötzlich, jäh
monthly - monatlich
ailment - Krankheit; Leiden
9. For abating the immoderate appearance of the monthly ailment.
abating - nachlassen; vermindern, verzehren (Rauch), verringern
immoderate - unangemessen
10. For purifying the womb.
purifying - reinigen, rein machen
womb - Gebärmutter; q
11. For causing pregnancy.
12. For preventing miscarriage and other accidents.
preventing - verhindern, vorbeugen, etwas daran hindern (zu geschehen)
miscarriage - Fehlgeburt
13. For ensuring easy labour and ready deliverance.
ensuring - sicherstellen, gewährleisten
deliverance - Auslieferung, Abgabe, Erlösung, Befreiung
14. For limiting the number of children.
limiting - einschränken; begrenzend
15. For thickening and beautifying the hair.
beautifying - verschönern, ausschmücken
16. For obtaining a good black colour to it.
17. For whitening and bleaching it.
whitening - Aufhellung; (whiten) weiß machen; (whiten); weißen; erman: weiß werden
bleaching - bleichend, Bleiche, ausbleichend; (bleach) bleichend, Bleiche
18. For renewing it.
renewing - erneuern, erneuern
19. For clearing the skin of the face from eruptions that break out andleave black spots upon it.
clearing - Klärung, Aufklärung, Lichtung, Rodung
eruptions - Ausbrüche; Eruption, Ausbruch, Vulkanausbruch, Ausbruch
break out - ausbrechen
spots - Flecken; Fleck, Punkt, Fleck, Pickel, Pustel, Bisschen
20. For removing the black colour of the epidermis.
epidermis - Oberhaut, Epidermis
21. For enlarging the breasts of women.
22. For raising and hardening pendulous breasts.
raising - Erhöhung; Erhebung; Großziehen, Aufziehen
hardening - Aushärtung; härten
pendulous - pendelnd
23. For giving a fragrance to the skin.
24. For removing the evil savour of perspiration.
savour - schmecken; Geschmack; genießen, würdigen, recht genießen
25. For anointing the body after bathing.
26. For causing a pleasant smell to the breath.
pleasant - angenehm
smell - Geruch; Geruchssinn, Riechen, stinken
breath - Atmen, Atmung, Atemzug, Atem, Atempause
27. Drugs and charms for the purposes of fascinating, overcoming, andsubduing either men or women.
drugs - Drogen; Droge, Rauschgift, arzneimittel
fascinating - faszinierend; faszinieren, faszinieren, faszinieren, bezaubern
Overcoming - Überwindung; überwinden
andsubduing - und Unterwerfung
28. Recipes for enabling a woman to attract and preserve her husband'slove.
enabling - Freigabe; berechtigen, befähigen, ermöglichen, anordnen
preserve - Konserve, Eingemachtes, Naturschutzgebiet, Naturreservat
slove - Schleife
29. Magical collyriums for winning love and friendship.
magical - magisch
30. Prescriptions for reducing other persons to submission.
reducing - reduzieren, herabsetzen, vermindern, abnehmen, vermindern, de
submission - Unterbreitung, Unterwerfung
31. Philter pills, and other charms.
philter - Liebestrank
pills - Pillen; Medikament, Pille, Tablette; Fluse
32. Fascinating incense, or fumigation.
fumigation - Ausräucherung; Desinfektion
33. Magical verses which have the power of fascination.
fascination - Faszination
Of the one hundred and thirty recipes given, many of them are absurd,but not more perhaps than many of the recipes and prescriptions in usein Europe not so very long ago. Love-philters, charms, and herbalremedies have been, in early days, as freely used in Europe as in Asia,and doubtless some people believe in them still in many places.
absurd - absurd
usein - verwenden
philters - Filter; Liebestrank
herbalremedies - pflanzliche Heilmittel
Asia - Asien
doubtless - zweifelsfrei, zweifellos
And now, one word about the author of the work, the good old sageVatsyayana. It is much to be regretted that nothing can be discoveredabout his life, his belongings, and his surroundings. At the end of PartVII. he states that he wrote the work while leading the life of areligious student [probably at Benares] and while wholly engaged in thecontemplation of the Deity.
sageVatsyayana - weiseVatsyayana
regretted - bedauert; bedauern, bereuen, leidtun, Reue, Bedauern
discoveredabout - entdeckt
surroundings - Umgebung, umliegend
States - Staaten; Staat, Staat, Land
thecontemplation - die Besinnung
He must have arrived at a certain age atthat time, for throughout he gives us the benefit of his experience, andof his opinions, and these bear the stamp of age rather than of youth;indeed the work could hardly have been written by a young man.
atthat - Das
In a beautiful verse of the Vedas of the Christians it has been said ofthe peaceful dead, that they rest from their labours, and that theirworks do follow them. Yes indeed, the works of men of genius do followthem, and remain as a lasting treasure. And though there may bedisputes and discussions about the immortality of the body or the soul,nobody can deny the immortality of genius, which ever remains as abright and guiding star to the struggling humanities of succeeding ages.
Christians - Christen; Christ, Christin, Christian, christlich
peaceful - einträchtig, geruhsam, friedlich
labours - Arbeit, Arbeiter-p, gebären, arbeiten
theirworks - ihre Werke
followthem - ihnen folgen
immortality - Unsterblichkeit
deny - verweigern, leugnen;gegen jdn. retten
abright - aufrecht
guiding - Führung; führend; (guid) Führung; führend
struggling - sich abmühen; kämpfend, ringend; (struggle); Kampf, Gefecht
succeeding - Erfolgreich; nachfolgen, gelingen, geraten, nachfolgen
his work, then, which has stood the test of centuries, has placedVatsyayana among the immortals, and on This, and on Him no better elegyor eulogy can be written than the following lines:
stood the test - bewährtest
placedVatsyayana - platziertVatsyayana
immortals - Unsterbliche; unsterblich, unvergesslich
eulogy - Lobrede, Lobesrede, Traurrede
"So long as lips shall kiss, and eyes shall see, So long lives This, and This gives life to Thee."
thee - dich, dir
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