PREFACE
preface - prefacio, introducir
In the literature of all countries there will be found a certain numberof works treating especially of love. Everywhere the subject is dealtwith differently, and from various points of view. In the presentpublication it is proposed to give a complete translation of what isconsidered the standard work on love in Sanscrit literature, and whichis called the 'Vatsyayana Kama Sutra,'or Aphorisms on Love, byVatsyayana.
numberof - número de
dealtwith - con qué
presentpublication - presenta la publicación
proposed - propuesta; proponer, pedir la mano, pedir matrimonio
isconsidered - se considera
standard work - trabajo estándar
whichis - cuál es
aphorisms - aforismos; aforismo
byVatsyayana - orVatsyayana
While the introduction will bear with the evidence concerning the dateof the writing, and the commentaries written upon it, the chaptersfollowing the introduction will give a translation of the work itself.
concerning - preocupante; preocupación, referirse a, ataner, concernir
dateof - fecha de
commentaries - comentario, comentarios
chaptersfollowing - capítulos siguientes
It is, however, advisable to furnish here a brief analysis of works ofthe same nature, prepared by authors who lived and wrote years afterVatsya had passed away, but who still considered him as a greatauthority, and always quoted him as the chief guide to Hindoo eroticliterature.
advisable - aconsejable, recomendable, conveniente
furnish - amoblar, amueblar, suministrar, proporcionar, dotar
brief - breve, corto, conciso, sucinto, escueto, resumen, poner al tanto
ofthe - el.
afterVatsya - Después de Vatsya
greatauthority - gran autoridad
chief - jefe, principal
eroticliterature - literatura erótica
Besides the treatise of Vatsyayana the following works on the samesubject are procurable in India:--
besides - además; al lado de, cabe
treatise - tratado
samesubject - el mismo tema
procurable - Proporcionable
India - India
1. The Ratirahasya, or secrets of love.
2. The Panchasakya, or the five arrows.
arrows - flechas; flecha
3. The Smara Pradipa, or the light of love.
4. The Ratimanjari, or the garland of love.
garland - guirnalda, galardón, marco de honor
5. The Rasmanjari, or the sprout of love.
sprout - brotar
6. The Anunga Runga, or the stage of love; also called Kamaledhiplava, or a boat in the ocean of love.
The author of the 'Secrets of Love'(No. 1) was a poet named Kukkoka. Hecomposed his work to please one Venudutta, who was perhaps a king. Whenwriting his own name at the end of each chapter he calls himself "Siddhapatiya pandita," _i.e._, an ingenious man among learned men. The workwas translated into Hindi years ago, and in this the author's name waswritten as Koka.
ingenious - ingenioso
workwas - trabajaba
Hindi - Hindúes
waswritten - Fue escrito
And as the same name crept into all the translationsinto other languages in India, the book became generally known, and thesubject was popularly called Koka Shastra, or doctrines of Koka, whichis identical with the Kama Shastra, or doctrines of love, and the wordsKoka Shastra and Kama Shastra are used indiscriminately.
crept - se arrastró; reptar, hormigueo, fatiga
translationsinto - traducciones
thesubject - el tema
popularly - popularmente
doctrines - octrinas; doctrina
identical - idénticos; idéntico
wordsKoka - palabrasKoka
indiscriminately - indiscriminadamente
The work contains nearly eight hundred verses, and is divided into tenchapters, which are called Pachivedas. Some of the things treated of inthis work are not to be found in the Vatsyayana, such as the fourclasses of women, viz., the Padmini, Chitrini, Shankini and Hastini, asalso the enumeration of the days and hours on which the women of thedifferent classes become subject to love. The author adds that he wrotethese things from the opinions of Gonikaputra and Nandikeshwara, both ofwhom are mentioned by Vatsyayana, but their works are not now extant. Itis difficult to give any approximate idea as to the year in which thework was composed. It is only to be presumed that it was written afterthat of Vatsyayana, and previous to the other works on this subject thatare still extant.
verses - versos; estrofa
tenchapters - Diez capítulos
inthis - en esto
fourclasses - Cuatro clases
asalso - también
enumeration - enumeración
thedifferent - diferente
wrotethese - Escribió esto
ofwhom - de quién
extant - existente, extante, actual
approximate - aproximada; aproximado, avanzar, acercar, juntar, estrechar
thework - el trabajo
composed - compuesto; componer, constituir, conformar, constar
afterthat - Después de eso
thatare - que son
Vatsyayana gives the names of ten authors on thesubject, all of whose works he had consulted, but none of which areextant, and does not mention this one. This would tend to show thatKukkoka wrote after Vatsya, otherwise Vatsya would assuredly havementioned him as an author in this branch of literature along with theothers.
consulted - consultado; consultar
areextant - sonextant
thatKukkoka - Kukkoka
otherwise - o no; de otro
assuredly - seguro
havementioned - ha mencionado
theothers - los otros
The author of the 'Five Arrows'(No. 2 in the list) was one Jyotirisha.He is called the chief ornament of poets, the treasure of the sixty-fourarts, and the best teacher of the rules of music. He says that hecomposed the work after reflecting on the aphorisms of love as revealedby the gods, and studying the opinions of Gonikaputra, Muladeva,Babhravya, Ramtideva, Nundikeshwara and Kshemandra. It is impossible tosay whether he had perused all the works of these authors, or had onlyheard about them; anyhow, none of them appear to be in existence now.
ornament - ornamento, ornamento musical
treasure - tesoro, atesorar
fourarts - cuatroarts
revealedby - revelado por
perused - percibido; examinar, ojear, hojear, leer por encima
onlyheard - sólo oído
anyhow - de todos modos; de todas maneras, de todas formas, comoquiera
existence - existencia
his work contains nearly six hundred verses, and is divided into fivechapters, called Sayakas or Arrows.
fivechapters - Cinco capítulos
The author of the 'Light of Love'(No. 3) was the poet Gunakara, the sonof Vechapati. The work contains four hundred verses, and gives only ashort account of the doctrines of love, dealing more with othermatters.
sonof - ijo de.
ashort - Corto
othermatters - Otros asuntos
'The Garland of Love'(No. 4) is the work of the famous poet Jayadeva,who said about himself that he is a writer on all subjects. Thistreatise is, however, very short, containing only one hundred andtwenty-five verses.
andtwenty - y veinte
The author of the 'Sprout of Love'(No. 5) was a poet called Bhanudatta.It appears from the last verse of the manuscript that he was a residentof the province of Tirhoot, the son of a Brahman named Ganeshwar, whowas also a poet. The work, written in Sanscrit, gives the descriptionsof different classes of men and women, their classes being made out fromtheir age, description, conduct, etc.
verse - verso; estrofa
manuscript - manuscrito, manuscrito
residentof - residente de
province - provincia
Brahman - Brahman
whowas - Qué
descriptionsof - Descripción
fromtheir - De ellos
conduct - conducción, conducta, guiar, dirigir, manejar, conducir
etc - tc
It contains three chapters, andits date is not known, and cannot be ascertained.
andits - y sus
ascertained - averiguado; averiguar, determinar, establecer, definir
'The Stage of Love'(No. 6) was composed by the poet Kullianmull, forthe amusement of Ladkhan, the son of Ahmed Lodi, the same Ladkhan beingin some places spoken of as Ladana Mull, and in others as Ladanaballa.He is supposed to have been a relation or connection of the house ofLodi, which reigned in Hindostan from A.D. 1450-1526.
forthe - para el
amusement - divertimiento, esparcimiento, diversión
beingin - serin
ofLodi - eLodi
reigned - reinado, reinar
The work would,therefore, have been written in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. Itcontains ten chapters, and has been translated into English, but onlysix copies were printed for private circulation. This is supposed to bethe latest of the Sanscrit works on the subject, and the ideas in itwere evidently taken from previous writings of the same nature.
Fifteenth - decimoquinto, decimoquinto, decimoquinta, quinceavo
Sixteenth - dieciséis; decimosexto, dieciseisavo
onlysix - Sólo seis
Circulation - circulación
itwere - lo eran
evidently - evidentemente
writings - escritos; (writing) escritos
The contents of these works are in themselves a literary curiosity.There are to be found both in Sanscrit poetry and in the Sanscrit dramaa certain amount of poetical sentiment and romance, which have, in everycountry and in every language, thrown an immortal halo round thesubject. But here it is treated in a plain, simple, matter of fact sortof way. Men and women are divided into classes and divisions in the sameway that Buffon and other writers on natural history have classified anddivided the animal world.
Contents - ontenido; satisfecho
literary - literaria; literario
curiosity - curiosidad
dramaa - Drama
poetical - poético
sentiment - sentimiento
romance - romance
everycountry - en todos los países
immortal - inmortal, inmortal
halo - halo, nimbo, aureola
plain - plano; sencillo; liso; sin ornamentos; llano (persona)
sortof - Algo así
divisions - divisiones; división, parte
classified - clasificado; secreto, confidencial; (classify); clasificar
anddivided - dividido
animal world - mundo animal
As Venus was represented by the Greeks tostand forth as the type of the beauty of woman, so the Hindoos describethe Padmini or Lotus woman as the type of most perfect feminineexcellence, as follows:
Venus - Venus
Greeks - griegos; griego, griego, griega
tostand - tostar
forth - adelante
describethe - Describirlo
lotus - loto
most perfect - el más perfecto
feminineexcellence - excelencia femenina
She in whom the following signs and symptoms appear is called a Padmini.Her face is pleasing as the full moon; her body, well clothed withflesh, is soft as the Shiras or mustard flower, her skin is fine,tender and fair as the yellow lotus, never dark coloured. Her eyes arebright and beautiful as the orbs of the fawn, well cut, and with reddishcorners. Her bosom is hard, full and high; she has a good neck; her noseis straight and lovely, and three folds or wrinkles cross hermiddle--about the umbilical region. Her yoni resembles the opening lotusbud, and her love seed (Kama salila) is perfumed like the lily that hasnewly burst. She walks with swan-like gait, and her voice is low andmusical as the note of the Kokila bird, she delights in white raiments,in fine jewels, and in rich dresses.
withflesh - con carne
mustard - mostaza
tender - tierno
arebright - rebright
orbs - Orbita
Fawn - cervato
bosom - seno, pechera, busto
wrinkles - arrugas; arruga
yoni - ioni
resembles - se parece; asemejar
perfumed - perfumado; aroma, perfume, perfumar
Lily - azucena, lirio
hasnewly - nunca
burst - reventar, romper, ráfaga, estallo, reventón
swan - cisne
gait - caminar; andar
andmusical - musical
delights - elicias; deleite, regocijo, delicia, placer
raiments - Ropa
jewels - joyas; gema, joya, alhaja, rubí
She eats little, sleeps lightly,and being as respectful and religious as she is clever and courteous,she is ever anxious to worship the gods, and to enjoy the conversationof Brahmans. Such, then, is the Padmini or Lotus woman.
lightly - a la ligera; ligeramente
respectful - respetuoso
courteous - cordial, cortés
anxious - ansioso, inquieto, deseoso
worship - adoración, culto, checkalabanza, adorar, checkvenerar
conversationof - Conversación
Brahmans - brahmanes; Brahman
One work in the English language is somewhat similar to these works ofthe Hindoos. It is called 'Kalogynomia: or the Laws of Female Beauty,'being the elementary principles of that science, by T. Bell, M.D., withtwenty-four plates, and printed in London in 1821.
somewhat - algo, un poco, de algún modo, de alguna manera
elementary - elemental, primaria
principles - principios; principio
withtwenty - con veinte
It treats of Beauty,of Love, of Sexual Intercourse, of the Laws regulating that Intercourse,of Monogamy and Polygamy, of Prostitution, of Infidelity, ending with a_catalogue raisonnée_ of the defects of female beauty.
intercourse - conversación, coito, acto sexual, relación sexual
regulating - regular
Monogamy - monogamia
polygamy - poligamia
prostitution - prostitución
infidelity - infidelidad
catalogue - catálogo, calendario universitario, catalogar
defects - defectos; falla, tacha, defecto, desperfecto, desertar
After a perusal of the Hindoo work, and of the English books abovementioned, the reader will understand the subject, at all events from amaterialistic, realistic and practical point of view. If all science isfounded more or less on a stratum of facts, there can be no harm inmaking known to mankind generally certain matters intimately connectedwith their private, domestic, and social life.
perusal - consulta; escrutinio, lectura atenta, lectura cuidadosa
abovementioned - ntes mencionado
amaterialistic - amaterialista
realistic - realista, realístico
isfounded - fundado
stratum - estrato, capa
harm - dano; dano, danar
mankind - la humanidad; humanidad, género humano, raza humana
intimately - íntimamente
connectedwith - Conectado
domestic - doméstico, nacional, empleada doméstica, empleada, malos tratos
Alas! complete ignorance of them has unfortunately wrecked many a manand many a woman, while a little knowledge of a subject generallyignored by the masses would have enabled numbers of people to haveunderstood many things which they believed to be quite incomprehensible,or which were not thought worthy of their consideration.
Alas - !ay!; (ala) !ay!
ignorance - ignorancia
wrecked - destrozado; cacharro, trasto, guinapo, choque, desastre
generallyignored - generalmente ignorado
masses - masas; montón, masa
enabled - habilitado; habilitar, posibilitar, activar
haveunderstood - lo has entendido
incomprehensible - incomprensible
worthy - Digno
consideration - consideración
INTRODUCTION
It may be interesting to some persons to learn how it came about thatVatsyayana was first brought to light and translated into the Englishlanguage. It happened thus. While translating with the pundits the'Anunga runga, or the stage of love,'reference was frequently found tobe made to one Vatsya. The sage Vatsya was of this opinion, or of thatopinion. The sage Vatsya said this, and so on. Naturally questions wereasked who the sage was, and the pundits replied that Vatsya was theauthor of the standard work on love in Sanscrit literature, that noSanscrit library was complete without his work, and that it was mostdifficult now to obtain in its entire state.
thatVatsyayana - ueVatsyayana
thus - así
pundits - los expertos; comentarista experto, pandito
tobe - ser
sage - sabio; salvia
thatopinion - esaopinión
wereasked - se le preguntó
theauthor - elautor
mostdifficult - Más difícil
obtain - obtener, coger
entire - entero
The copy of the manuscriptobtained in Bombay was defective, and so the pundits wrote to Benares,Calcutta and Jeypoor for copies of the manuscript from Sanscritlibraries in those places. Copies having been obtained, they were thencompared with each other, and with the aid of a Commentary called'Jayamangla'a revised copy of the entire manuscript was prepared, andfrom this copy the English translation was made. The following is thecertificate of the chief pundit:--
manuscriptobtained - Manuscrito obtenido
Bombay - Bombay
defective - defectuoso, defectivo
Calcutta - Calcuta
thencompared - comparados
aid - ayuda, auxilio
commentary - comentario, comentarios
andfrom - y de
thecertificate - el certificado
pundit - un experto; comentarista experto, pandito
"The accompanying manuscript is corrected by me after comparing fourdifferent copies of the work. I had the assistance of a Commentarycalled 'Jayamangla'for correcting the portion in the first five parts,but found great difficulty in correcting the remaining portion, because,with the exception of one copy thereof which was tolerably correct, allthe other copies I had were far too incorrect.
accompanying - acompanando; acompanar
fourdifferent - cuatrodiferentes
assistance - asistencia
portion - porción
exception - excepción, salvedad, ofensa
thereof - de eso; de esta, de esto, de ella, de ello
allthe - Todos
incorrect - incorrecto
However, I took thatportion as correct in which the majority of the copies agreed with eachother."
thatportion - Esa proporción
majority - mayoría, mayoría de edad
eachother - El uno al otro
"After reading and considering the works of Babhravya and other ancientauthors, and thinking over the meaning of the rules given by them, thistreatise was composed, according to the precepts of the Holy Writ, forthe benefit of the world, by Vatsyayana, while leading the life of areligious student at Benares, and wholly engaged in the contemplation ofthe Deity. This work is not to be used merely as an instrument forsatisfying our desires. A person acquainted with the true principles ofthis science, who preserves his Dharma (virtue or religious merit), hisArtha (worldly wealth) and his Kama (pleasure or sensual gratification),and who has regard to the customs of the people, is sure to obtain themastery over his senses.
ancientauthors - antiguos autores
precepts - preceptos; precepto
holy - santo, sagrado
areligious - Son religiosos
wholly - Por completo
contemplation - contemplación
Deity - dios, diosa, deidad, divinidad
merely - simplemente; meramente, puramente, solamente, sólo
forsatisfying - para satisfacer
desires - deseos; desear, deseo, gana
acquainted - conocido; dar a conocer, familiarizar
ofthis - De esto
preserves - conservas; mermelada, reserva, reserva natural, coto, terreno
Dharma - dharma
virtue - virtud
merit - mérito, merecimiento, meritar
hisArtha - SuArtha
worldly - undano
wealth - prosperidad, riqueza
sensual - sensual
regard - respecto a; considerar
themastery - Masterio
In short, an intelligent and knowing person,attending to Dharma and Artha and also to Kama, without becoming theslave of his passions, will obtain success in everything that he maydo."
theslave - el esclavo
It is impossible to fix the exact date either of the life of Vatsyayanaor of his work. It is supposed that he must have lived between the firstand the sixth centuries of the Christian era, on the followinggrounds:--He mentions that Satkarni Srtvahan, a king of Kuntal, killedMalayevati his wife with an instrument called kartari by striking her inthe passion of love, and Vatsya quotes this case to warn people of thedanger arising from some old customs of striking women when under theinfluence of this passion. Now this king of Kuntal is believed to havelived and reigned during the first century A.C., and consequently Vatsyamust have lived after him.
firstand - Primero
Christian - cristiano, cristiana, Cristián
era - época, era, período
followinggrounds - Seguimientos
killedMalayevati - Mataron a Malayevati
striking - sorprendente; llamativo, imponente
inthe - en el
thedanger - el peligro
arising - ue surge; (arise); surgir, levantarse, provenir, aparecer
theinfluence - la influencia
havelived - Ha vivido
consequently - por consiguiente; consecuentemente
On the other hand, Virahamihira, in theeighteenth chapter of his 'Brihatsanhita,'treats of the science oflove, and appears to have borrowed largely from Vatsyayana on thesubject. Now Virahamihira is said to have lived during the sixth centuryA.D., and as Vatsya must have written his works previously, thereforenot earlier than the first century, A.C., and not later than the sixthcentury A.D., must be considered as the approximate date of hisexistence.
theeighteenth - la decimoctava
oflove - de amor
largely - en gran medida; mayormente
centuryA - igloA
thereforenot - no
sixthcentury - Siglo VI
hisexistence - su existencia
On the text of the 'Aphorisms on Love,'by Vatsyayana, only twocommentaries have been found. One called 'Jayamangla'or 'Sutrabashya,'and the other 'Sutra vritti.'The date of the 'Jayamangla'is fixedbetween the tenth and thirteenth centuries A.D., because while treatingof the sixty-four arts an example is taken from the 'Kávyaprakásha,'which was written about the tenth century A.
twocommentaries - doscomentarios
fixedbetween - fijadoentre
tenth - diez; décimo, décimo, décima
thirteenth - la decimotercera; decimotercero, treceavo
treatingof - tratamiento
. Again, the copy of thecommentary procured was evidently a transcript of a manuscript whichonce had a place in the library of a Chaulukyan king named Vishaladeva,a fact elicited from the following sentence at the end of it:--
thecommentary - el comentario
transcript - transcripción, transcrito, expediente académico
whichonce - cuál
elicited - obtenido; provocar, suscitar, evocar, educir, sonsacar
"Here ends the part relating to the art of love in the commentary on the'Vatsyayana Kama Sutra,'a copy from the library of the king of kings,Vishaladeva, who was a powerful hero, as it were a second Arjuna, andhead jewel of the Chaulukya family."
andhead - Y la cabeza
jewel - gema, joya, alhaja, rubí
Now it is well known that this king ruled in Guzerat from 1244 to 1262A.D., and founded a city called Visalnagur. The date, therefore, of thecommentary is taken to be not earlier than the tenth and not later thanthe thirteenth century. The author of it is supposed to be oneYashodhara, the name given him by his preceptor being Indrapada.
founded - Encontrado
thanthe - Qué
oneYashodhara - UnYashodhara
Heseems to have written it during the time of affliction caused by hisseparation from a clever and shrewd woman, at least that is what hehimself says at the end of each chapter. It is presumed that he calledhis work after the name of his absent mistress, or the word may havesome connection with the meaning of her name.
affliction - aflicción, tribulación, quebranto
hisseparation - su separación
shrewd - perspicaz, astuto
hehimself - Él mismo
calledhis - Su nombre
absent - ausente
Mistress - senora; duena, maestra, querida, amante, barragana, manceba, ama
havesome - Tienes algo
This commentary was most useful in explaining the true meaning ofVatsyayana, for the commentator appears to have had a considerableknowledge of the times of the older author, and gives in some placesvery minute information. This cannot be said of the other commentary,called "Sutra vritti," which was written about A.D., by Narsing Shastri,a pupil of a Sarveshwar Shastri; the latter was a descendant of Bhaskur,and so also was our author, for at the conclusion of every part he callshimself Bhaskur Narsing Shastra.
ofVatsyayana - eVatsyayana
commentator - comentador, comentadora, comentarista
considerableknowledge - conocimientos considerables
placesvery - lugarvery
pupil - alumno
descendant - descendiente
callshimself - se llama a sí mismo
He was induced to write the work byorder of the learned Raja Vrijalala, while he was residing in Benares,but as to the merits of this commentary it does not deserve muchcommendation. In many cases the writer does not appear to haveunderstood the meaning of the original author, and has changed the textin many places to fit in with his own explanations.
induced - inducido; inducir
byorder - Por orden
residing - residiendo; residir
merits - méritos; mérito, merecimiento, meritar
deserve - merecer, meritar
muchcommendation - mucha recomendación
textin - Mensaje de texto
A complete translation of the original work now follows. It has beenprepared in complete accordance with the text of the manuscript, and isgiven, without further comments, as made from it.
beenprepared - se ha preparado
accordance - de acuerdo; acuerdo, conformidad, arreglo
isgiven - se da
THE VATSYAYANA SUTRA.
INTRODUCTORY PREFACE.
introductory - introductorio
SALUTATION TO DHARMA, ARTHA AND KAMA.
In the beginning, the Lord of Beings created men and women, and in theform of commandments in one hundred thousand chapters laid down rulesfor regulating their existence with regard to Dharma,[1] Artha,[2] andKama.
Lord - senor; castellano, senor
beings - seres; ser, criatura, existencia
theform - la forma
Commandments - mandamientos; mandamiento
rulesfor - Reglas para
andKama - Kama
3] Some of these commandments, namely those which treated ofDharma, were separately written by Swayambhu Manu; those that related toArtha were compiled by Brihaspati; and those that referred to Kama wereexpounded by Nandi, the follower of Mahadeva, in one thousand chapters.
namely - específicamente, a saber, nombradamente
ofDharma - el Dharma
separately - por separado; separadamente
toArtha - aArtha
compiled - compilado; compilar
wereexpounded - Explotado
follower - seguidor, seguidora, imitador
1st. Sadharana (general topics).
2nd. Samprayogika (embraces, etc.).
embraces - abrazos; abrazar, abrazo
3rd. Kanya Samprayuktaka (union of males and females).
4th. Bharyadhikarika (on one's own wife).
5th. Paradika (on the wives of other people).
6th. Vaisika (on courtesans).
courtesans - cortesanas; cortesana
7th. Aupamishadika (on the arts of seduction, tonic medicines, etc.).
seduction - seducción
tonic - tónica
The sixth part of this last work was separately expounded by Dattaka atthe request of the public women of Pataliputra (Patna), and in the sameway Charayana explained the first part of it. The remaining parts, viz.,the second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh were each separatelyexpounded by--
sixth part - la sexta parte
atthe - en el
separatelyexpounded - expuesto por separado
Suvarnanabha (second part).
Ghotakamukha (third part).
Gonardiya (fourth part).
Gonikaputra (fifth part).
Kuchumara (seventh part), respectively.
respectively - respectivamente
FOOTNOTES
Footnotes - pie de página; nota
[Footnote 1: Dharma is acquisition of religious merit, and is fullydescribed in Chapter 5, Volume III., of Talboys Wheeler's 'History ofIndia,'and in the edicts of Asoka.]
Footnote - una nota a pie de página; nota
acquisition - adquisición
fullydescribed - ompletamente descrito
volume - volumen
wheeler - Rueda
ofIndia - eIndia
edicts - dictos; edicto
[Footnote 2: Artha is acquisition of wealth and property, etc.]
[Footnote 3: Kama is love, pleasure and sensual gratification.
These three words are retained throughout in their original, astechnical terms. They may also be defined as virtue, wealth andpleasure, the three things repeatedly spoken of in the Laws of Manu.]
retained - retenido; retener, detentar
astechnical - stécnico
andpleasure - y el placer
repeatedly - reiteradamente, repetidamente
BEING THE INDEX TO OR CONTENTS OF THE WORK.
index - índice, indizar, indexar
Chapter II. Observations on the three worldly attainments of Virtue, Wealth and Love.
observations - observaciones; observación, vigilancia; observancia, anotación
attainments - ogros; logro, consecución, realización
" III. On the study of the Sixty-four Arts.
" IV. On the Arrangements of a House, and Household Furniture; and about the Daily Life of a Citizen, his Companions, Amusements, &c.
household - hogar, agregado familiar, núcleo familiar, familia, casero
citizen - ciudadano, ciudadana
Companions - companeros; companero, companera
amusements - diversiones; divertimiento, esparcimiento, diversión
" V. About classes of Women fit and unfit for Congress with the Citizen, and of Friends, and Messengers.
unfit - incapaz; impropio
Congress - congreso
Messengers - mensajeros; mensajero
ON SEXUAL UNION.
Chapter I. Kinds of Union according to Dimensions, Force of Desire, and Time; and on the different kinds of Love.
dimensions - dimensiones; dimensión
desire - desear, deseo, gana
" II. Of the Embrace.
Embrace - abrazar, abrazo
" III. On Kissing.
" IV. On Pressing or Marking with the Nails.
" V. On Biting, and the ways of Love to be employed with regard to Women of different countries.
" VI. On the various ways of Lying Down, and the different kinds of Congress.
" VII. On the various ways of Striking, and of the Sounds appropriate to them.
appropriate - es apropiado; apropiado, adecuado, aduenarse, designar
" VIII. About females acting the part of Males.
" IX. On holding the Lingam in the Mouth.
lingam - pene
" X. How to begin and how to end the Congress. Different kinds of Congress, and Love Quarrels.
quarrels - peleas; pelea, rina
ABOUT THE ACQUISITION OF A WIFE.
Chapter I. Observations on Betrothal and Marriage.
betrothal - esponsales, palabra de matrimonio, promesa de matrimonio
" II. About creating Confidence in the Girl.
confidence - confianza; certeza, certeza propia, certidumbre, confidencia
" III. Courtship, and the manifestations of the feelings by outward signs and deeds.
courtship - cortejo
manifestations - anifestaciones; manifestación
feelings - Sentimientos
outward - hacia fuera
deeds - hechos; hecho, acto, acción, obra, hazana
" IV. On things to be done only by the Man, and the acquisition of the Girl thereby. Also what to be done by a Girl to gain over a Man and subject him to her.
thereby - así, de ese modo
gain - ganar, adquirir, obtener, conseguir
" V. On the different Forms of Marriage.
ABOUT A WIFE.
Chapter I. On the manner of living of a virtuous Woman, and of her behaviour during the absence of her Husband.
virtuous - virtuoso
absence - ausencia, falta, ausencia de hierro
" II. On the conduct of the eldest Wife towards the other Wives of her husband, and of the younger Wife towards the elder ones. Also on the conduct of a Virgin Widow re-married; of a Wife disliked by her Husband; of the Women in the King's Harem; and of a Husband who has more than one Wife.
Virgin - virgen, doncel, doncella, senorita
widow - viuda, enviudar
harem - harén
ABOUT THE WIVES OF OTHER PEOPLE.
Chapter I. On the Characteristics of Men and Women, and the reason why Women reject the Addresses of Men. About Men who have Success with Women, and about Women who are easily gained over.
characteristics - características; característico, característica
Gained - ganado; ganar, adquirir, obtener, conseguir
" II. About making Acquaintance with the Woman, and of the efforts to gain her over.
acquaintance - conocido; amistad, conocimiento, junta, relación
" III. Examination of the State of a Woman's mind.
examination - examen, examinación
" IV. The business of a Go-between.
" V. On the Love of Persons in authority with the Wives of other People.
" VI. About the Women of the Royal Harem, and of the keeping of one's own Wife.
ABOUT COURTESANS.
Chapter I. Of the Causes of a Courtesan resorting to Men; of the means of Attaching to herself the Man desired, and the kind of Man that it is desirable to be acquainted with.
courtesan - cortés; cortesana
resorting - recurrir (a)
desired - deseado; desear, deseo, gana
desirable - deseable, conveniente
" II. Of a Courtesan living with a Man as his Wife.
" III. Of the means of getting Money; of the Signs of a Lover who is beginning to be weary, and of the way to get rid of him.
lover - amante
weary - cansado, cansino, cansar
rid - cabalgar; librar
" IV. About a Re-union with a former Lover.
former - antiguo, anterior
" V. Of different kinds of Gain.
" VI. Of Gains and Losses, attendant Gains and Losses, and Doubts; and lastly, the different kinds of Courtesans.
gains - ganancias; ganar, adquirir, obtener, conseguir
attendant - asistente, guarda, concomitante, inherente
ON THE MEANS OF ATTRACTING OTHERS TO ONE'S SELF.
self - yo; uno mismo
Chapter I. On Personal Adornment, subjugating the hearts of others, and of tonic medicines.
adornment - adorno, decoración
subjugating - sometiendo; sojuzgar
" II. Of the Means of exciting Desire, and of the ways of enlarging the Lingam. Miscellaneous Experiments and Receipts.
enlarging - ampliando; ampliar, agrandar, engrandecer
miscellaneous - varios, misceláneo
ON THE ACQUISITION OF DHARMA, ARTHA AND KAMA.
Man, the period of whose life is one hundred years, should practiseDharma, Artha, and Kama at different times and in such a manner thatthey may harmonize together and not clash in any way. He should acquirelearning in his childhood, in his youth and middle age he should attendto Artha and Kama, and in his old age he should perform Dharma, and thusseek to gain Moksha, _i.e._, release from further transmigration.
practiseDharma - Practicar el Dharma
thatthey - que ellos
harmonize - harmonizar
clash - chocar; estruendo, escaramuza
acquirelearning - adquiriraprendizaje
attendto - Atendto
thusseek - Así que busca
Moksha - moksha, moxel
transmigration - migración, transmigración
Or, onaccount of the uncertainty of life, he may practise them at times whenthey are enjoined to be practised. But one thing is to be noted, heshould lead the life of a religious student until he finishes hiseducation.
uncertainty - incertidumbre, incerteza
whenthey - Cuándo
enjoined - ordenado; imponer, ordenar, mandar, prohibir
heshould - Debería
hiseducation - Su educación
_Dharma_ is obedience to the command of the Shastra or Holy Writ of theHindoos to do certain things, such as the performance of sacrifices,which are not generally done because they do not belong to this world,and produce no visible effect; and not to do other things, such aseating meat, which is often done because it belongs to this world, andhas visible effects.
obedience - obediencia
Command - orden, mandato, mando, comando, dominio
theHindoos - losHindoos
sacrifices - sacrificios; sacrificar, sacrificio
visible - visible
aseating - asientos
andhas - y tiene
Dharma should be learnt from the Shruti (Holy Writ), and from thoseconversant with it.
learnt from - Aprender de alguien
thoseconversant - esosconversantes
_Artha_ is the acquisition of arts, land, gold, cattle, wealth,equipages and friends. It is, further, the protection of what isacquired, and the increase of what is protected.
cattle - ganado, ganado bovino
equipages - bagaje, furgón, tren de equipajes, carroza, carruaje de lujo
protection - protección
isacquired - se adquiere
Artha should be learnt from the king's officers, and from merchants whomay be versed in the ways of commerce.
merchants - comerciantes; comerciante, mercader
whomay - A quién
versed - ersado; estrofa
commerce - comercio
_Kama_ is the enjoyment of appropriate objects by the five senses ofhearing, feeling, seeing, tasting, and smelling, assisted by the mindtogether with the soul. The ingredient in this is a peculiar contactbetween the organ of sense and its object, and the consciousness ofpleasure which arises from that contact is called Kama.
enjoyment - disfrutar; disfrute, gozo, regocijo, holganza
ofhearing - e la audiencia
mindtogether - Mente en común
soul - alma, espíritu
peculiar - particular; peculiar, raro, específico
contactbetween - contacto intermedio
organ - órgano, publicación oficial
consciousness - conciencia
ofpleasure - de placer
arises - surge; surgir, levantarse, provenir, aparecer
Kama is to be learnt from the Kama Sutra (aphorisms on love) and fromthe practice of citizens.
fromthe - Del
citizens - iudadanos; ciudadano, ciudadana
When all the three, viz., Dharma, Artha, and Kama come together, theformer is better than the one which follows it, _i.e._, Dharma is betterthan Artha, and Artha is better than Kama. But Artha should be alwaysfirst practised by the king, for the livelihood of men is to be obtainedfrom it only. Again, Kama being the occupation of public women, theyshould prefer it to the other two, and these are exceptions to thegeneral rule.
theformer - el formador
betterthan - Mejor que
alwaysfirst - siempre primero
livelihood - sustento
obtainedfrom - obtenido de
occupation - ocupación
theyshould - deberían
exceptions - excepciones; excepción, salvedad, ofensa
thegeneral - el general
_Objection 1._
objection - objeción, protesta
Some learned men say that as Dharma is connected with things notbelonging to this world, it is appropriately treated of in a book; andso also is Artha, because it is practised only by the application ofproper means, and a knowledge of those means can only be obtained bystudy and from books. But Kama being a thing which is practised even bythe brute creation, and which is to be found everywhere, does not wantany work on the subject.
notbelonging - nopertenencia
andso - Y qué
ofproper - eproper
obtained - obtenido; obtener, coger
bystudy - estudiar
bythe - Por qué
brute - bruto; animal, bestia
creation - creación
wantany - Quieres
_Answer._
_Objection 2._
The Lokayatikas[4] say:--Religious ordinances should not be observed,for they bear a future fruit, and at the same time it is also doubtfulwhether they will bear any fruit at all. What foolish person will giveaway that which is in his own hands into the hands of another?
ordinances - ordenanzas; ordenanza
observed - observado; observar, seguir, tomar en cuenta
doubtfulwhether - duda
foolish - tonto, necio, imprudente
giveaway - regalo
oreover, it is better to have a pigeon to-day than a peacock to-morrow;and a copper coin which we have the certainty of obtaining, is betterthan a gold coin, the possession of which is doubtful.
pigeon - paloma
peacock - pavo real, pavorreal
morrow - manana; manana
copper - cobre
certainty - seguridad; certeza
obtaining - obteniendo; obtener, coger
gold coin - una moneda de oro
doubtful - dudoso
_Answer._
It is not so. 1st. Holy Writ, which ordains the practice of Dharma, doesnot admit of a doubt.
ordains - ordenar
doesnot - No
admit of - admitirlo
2nd. Sacrifices such as those made for the destruction of enemies, orfor the fall of rain, are seen to bear fruit.
destruction - destrucción, destrucción
orfor - o para
bear fruit - dar frutos
3rd. The sun, moon, stars, planets and other heavenly bodies appear towork intentionally for the good of the world.
heavenly bodies - Cuerpos celestes
towork - Trabajar
intentionally - intencionadamente; intencionalmente
4th. The existence of this world is effected by the observance of therules respecting the four classes[5] of men and their four stages oflife.
oflife - e la vida
5th. We see that seed is thrown into the ground with the hope of futurecrops.
futurecrops - futurocultivos
Vatsyayana is therefore of opinion that the ordinances of religion mustbe obeyed.
mustbe - Debe ser
obeyed - obedecer
_Objection 3._
Those who believe that destiny is the prime mover of all things say:--Weshould not exert ourselves to acquire wealth, for sometimes it is notacquired although we strive to get it, while at other times it comes tous of itself without any exertion on our part. Everything is thereforein the power of destiny, who is the lord of gain and loss, of successand defeat, of pleasure and pain.
destiny - destino, sino
prime mover - motor principal; causa primera
notacquired - noadquirido
strive - esforzarse
exertion - esfuerzo
thereforein - Por lo tanto
successand - éxito
defeat - vencer, derrotar
Thus we see the Bali[6] was raised tothe throne of Indra by destiny, and was also put down by the same power,and it is destiny only that can re-instate him.
tothe - a la
throne - trono
Indra - Indra
instate - instaurar
_Answer._
It is not right to say so. As the acquisition of every objectpre-supposes at all events some exertion on the part of man, theapplication of proper means may be said to be the cause of gaining allour ends, and this application of proper means being thus necessary(even where a thing is destined to happen), it follows that a person whodoes nothing will enjoy no happiness.
objectpre - Objetopre
theapplication - la aplicación
gaining - Ganando; (gain) Ganando
allour - Alour
whodoes - quién lo hace
_Objection 4._
Those who are inclined to think that Artha is the chief object to beobtained argue thus. Pleasures should not be sought for, because theyare obstacles to the practice of Dharma and Artha, which are bothsuperior to them, and are also disliked by meritorious persons.Pleasures also bring a man into distress, and into contact with lowpersons; they cause him to commit unrighteous deeds, and produceimpurity in him; they make him regardless of the future, and encouragecarelessness and levity. And lastly, they cause him to be disbelieved byall, received by none, and despised by everybody, including himself.
beobtained - se puede obtener
sought - buscado; buscar
theyare - Son
obstacles - obstáculos; obstáculo, óbice, traba, estorbo
bothsuperior - Ambos superiores
meritorious - meritorio, loable, laudable, encomiable
distress - aflicción, angustia, desasosiego, ansiedad
lowpersons - personas bajas
unrighteous - Injusto
produceimpurity - Producir impureza
regardless - a pesar de todo; en cualquier caso
encouragecarelessness - fomentar el descuido
disbelieved - descreído; descreer
byall - todos
despised - despreciado; desdenar
Itis notorious, moreover, that many men who have given themselves up topleasure alone, have been ruined along with their families andrelations. Thus, King Dandakya,[7] of the Bhoja dynasty, carried off aBrahman's daughter with evil intent, and was eventually ruined and losthis kingdom. Indra, too, having violated the chastity of Ahalya,[8] wasmade to suffer for it. In a like manner the mighty Kichaka,[9] who triedto seduce Draupadi, and Ravana,[10] who attempted to gain over Sita, werepunished for their crimes. These and many others fell by reason of theirpleasures.
notorious - no es notorio; de mala fama, notorio, afamado
Moreover - además, adicionalmente, otrosí
ruined - arruinado; ruina, desbaratar, arruinar, estropear, dar al traste
andrelations - relaciones
dynasty - dinastía
carried off - se lo han llevado
evil - malo, malvado
intent - intención, intento, propósito, concentrado, entregado
losthis - Perdiste esto
Kingdom - reino
violated - iolado; violar, vulnerar
chastity - castidad
wasmade - fue hecho
mighty - poderoso
triedto - lo intentó
seduce - seducir
attempted - intentado; intentar, tentativa, intento, ensayo
werepunished - fueron castigados
theirpleasures - Sus placeres
_Answer._
This objection cannot be sustained, for pleasures, being as necessaryfor the existence and well being of the body as food, are consequentlyequally required. They are, moreover, the results of Dharma and Artha.Pleasures are, therefore, to be followed with moderation and caution. Noone refrains from cooking food because there are beggars to ask for it,or from sowing seed because there are deer to destroy the corn when itis grown up.
sustained - sostenido; sostener, sustentar
necessaryfor - para qué
consequentlyequally - En consecuencia
moderation - moderación
caution - advertencia, precaución, cuidado, cautela, fianza, advertir
refrains - estribillos; estribillo
beggars - mendigos; mendigo, mendiga, pordiosero, mendicante
deer - ciervo, venado
corn - cereales (maíz, trigo, avena)
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 4: These were certainly materialists who seemed to think thata bird in the hand was worth two in the bush.]
materialists - materialistas; materialista, panish: t-needed
thata - esa
bush - arbusto
[Footnote 5: Among the Hindoos the four classes of men are the Brahmansor priestly class, the Kshutrya or warlike class, the Vaishya oragricultural and mercantile class, and the Shoodra or menial class. Thefour stages of life are, the life of a religious student, the life of ahouseholder, the life of a hermit, and the life of a Sunyasi ordevotee.]
warlike - bélico; guerrero, beligerante, belicoso
oragricultural - oagrícola
mercantile - mercantil
menial - menor; criado
ahouseholder - Propietario de la casa
Hermit - ermitano; ermitano
[Footnote 6: Bali was a demon who had conquered Indra and gained histhrone, but was afterwards overcome by Vishnu at the time of his fifthincarnation.]
demon - demonio
conquered - conquistado; conquistar, debelar
histhrone - Histrone
afterwards - después
overcome - vencer, superar
Vishnu - Vishnú
fifthincarnation - quinta encarnación
[Footnote 7: Dandakya is said to have abducted from the forest thedaughter of a Brahman, named Bhargava, and being cursed by the Brahman,was buried with his kingdom under a shower of dust. The place was calledafter his name the Dandaka forest, celebrated in the Ramayana, but nowunknown.]
abducted - secuestrado; raptar, secuestrar, abducir
thedaughter - la hija
cursed - Maldito; (curs) Maldito
calledafter - llamado después
nowunknown - ahora desconocido
[Footnote 8: Ahalya was the wife of the sage Gautama. Indra caused herto believe that he was Gautama, and thus enjoyed her. He was cursed byGautama and subsequently afflicted with a thousand ulcers on his body.]
byGautama - yGautama
afflicted with - afectado por
ulcers - úlceras; llaga, úlcera
[Footnote 9: Kichaka was the brother-in-law of King Virata, with whomthe Pandavas had taken refuge for one year. Kichaka was killed by Bhima,who assumed the disguise of Draupadi. For this story the Mahabaratashould be referred to.]
whomthe - a quién
refuge - refugio, refugiarse
assumed - asumido; suponer, dar por sentado, asumir
disguise - disfraz, pantalla, tapadera, disfrazar
[Footnote 10: The story of Ravana is told in the Ramayana, which with theMahabarata form the two great epic poems of the Hindoos; the latter waswritten by Vyasa, and the former by Valmiki.]
theMahabarata - El Mahabarata
epic poems - poemas épicos
ON THE ARTS AND SCIENCES TO BE STUDIED.
Man should study the Kama Sutra and the arts and sciences subordinatethereto, in addition to the study of the arts and sciences contained inDharma and Artha. Even young maids should study this Kama Sutra alongwith its arts and sciences before marriage, and after it they shouldcontinue to do so with the consent of their husbands.
subordinatethereto - ubordinado
inDharma - enDharma
maids - sirvientas; doncella, senorita, doméstica, empleada doméstica
alongwith - con
shouldcontinue - debe continuar
consent - consentir, consentimiento, venia, anuencia
Here some learned men object, and say that females, not being allowed tostudy any science, should not study the Kama Sutra.
tostudy - Estudiar
But Vatsyayana is of opinion that this objection does not hold good, forwomen already know the practice of Kama Sutra, and that practice isderived from the Kama Shastra, or the science of Kama itself. Moreover,it is not only in this but in many other cases that though the practiceof a science is known to all, only a few persons are acquainted with therules and laws on which the science is based. Thus the Yadnikas orsacrificers, though ignorant of grammar, make use of appropriate wordswhen addressing the different Deities, and do not know how these wordsare framed. Again, persons do the duties required of them on auspiciousdays, which are fixed by astrology, though they are not acquainted withthe science of astrology.
forwomen - para las mujeres
isderived - se deriva
practiceof - Práctica
orsacrificers - Osacrificadores
ignorant - ignorante, ignaro, inculto
Grammar - gramática
wordswhen - alabras?cuándo
deities - deidades; dios, diosa, deidad, divinidad
wordsare - Palabras
auspiciousdays - días propicios
astrology - astrología
withthe - con el
In a like manner riders of horses andelephants train these animals without knowing the science of traininganimals, but from practice only. And similarly the people of the mostdistant provinces obey the laws of the kingdom from practice, andbecause there is a king over them, and without further reason.[11] Andfrom experience we find that some women, such as daughters of princesand their ministers, and public women, are actually versed in the KamaShastra.
riders - jinetes; jinete
andelephants - yelefantes
traininganimals - entrenamiento de animales
mostdistant - másdistante
provinces - provincias; provincia
obey - obedecer
andbecause - Y por qué
princesand - Príncipes
ministers - ministros; ministro
A female, therefore, should learn the Kama Shastra, or at least a partof it, by studying its practice from some confidential friend. Sheshould study alone in private the sixty-four practices that form a partof the Kama Shastra. Her teacher should be one of the following persons,viz., the daughter of a nurse brought up with her and alreadymarried,[12] or a female friend who can be trusted in everything, or thesister of her mother (_i.
partof - parte de
confidential - confidencial
alreadymarried - ya casado
trusted - de confianza; confianza, crédito, fiar, consorcio, trust
thesister - la hermana
._, her aunt), or an old female servant, or afemale beggar who may have formerly lived in the family, or her ownsister, who can always be trusted.
afemale - female
beggar - mendigo, mendiga, pordiosero, mendicante
Formerly - anteriormente, otrora, antes, antano
ownsister - propietario
The following are the arts to be studied, together with the KamaSutra:--
1. Singing.
2. Playing on musical instruments.
3. Dancing.
4. Union of dancing, singing, and playing instrumental music.
instrumental music - música instrumental
5. Writing and drawing.
6. Tattooing.
tattooing - tatuaje; tatuar
7. Arraying and adorning an idol with rice and flowers.
arraying - arraying; atavío, galas, distribución, ristra, gama, vector
adorning - adorno; adornar, engalanar
idol - ídolo
8. Spreading and arraying beds or couches of flowers, or flowers uponthe ground.
couches - camas; sofá, canapé
uponthe - sobre el
9. Colouring the teeth, garments, hair, nails, and bodies, _i.e._,staining, dyeing, colouring and painting the same.
garments - prendas de vestir; prenda, prenda de vestir
staining - manchado; (stain); mancha, lamparón, tacha, mancilla, colorante
Dyeing - Tenido; (dye) Tenido
10. Fixing stained glass into a floor.
stained - manchado; mancha, lamparón, tacha, mancilla, colorante
11. The art of making beds, and spreading out carpets and cushions forreclining.
cushions - cojines; cojín, almohadón, colchón, amortiguante, banda
forreclining - para reclinarse
12. Playing on musical glasses filled with water.
13. Storing and accumulating water in aqueducts, cisterns andreservoirs.
accumulating - acumulando; acumular, amontonar, acumularse
aqueducts - acueductos; acueducto
cisterns - aljibes; aljibe, cisterna
andreservoirs - reservorios
14. Picture making, trimming and decorating.
trimming - Recorte; (trim); recortar, orlar, ribetear
15. Stringing of rosaries, necklaces, garlands and wreaths.
rosaries - rosarios; rosario, rosario
necklaces - collares; collar
garlands - guirnaldas; guirnalda, galardón, marco de honor
wreaths - coronas; guirnalda, corona, burelete, rodear
16. Binding of turbans and chaplets, and making crests and top-knots offlowers.
binding - enlazando; vinculante, lomo, unión; (bind); atar, atar (tie)
turbans - turbantes; turbante
chaplets - Capilla
crests - crestas; cornisa, cresta, cimera
knots - nudos; nudo
offlowers - fflowers
17. Scenic representations. Stage playing.
Scenic - escénico
Representations - representación
18. Art of making ear ornaments.
ornaments - dornos; ornamento, ornamento musical
19. Art of preparing perfumes and odours.
perfumes - perfumes; aroma, perfume, perfumar
odours - olores; olor
20. Proper disposition of jewels and decorations, and adornment indress.
disposition - disposición; inclinación, temperamento, carácter
decorations - decoración, condecoración
21. Magic or sorcery.
sorcery - hechicería; brujería, magia
22. Quickness of hand or manual skill.
quickness - rapidez
23. Culinary art, _i.e._, cooking and cookery.
culinary - culinario
cookery - Cocina
24. Making lemonades, sherbets, acidulated drinks, and spirituousextracts with proper flavour and colour.
lemonades - limonadas; limonada, gaseosa de limón, soda limonada
sherbets - orbetes; sorbete, polvo acidulado
spirituousextracts - extractos espirituosos
flavour - sabor
25. Tailor's work and sewing.
tailor - sastre, modisto, modista, confeccionar, panish: t-needed
sewing - Coser; (sew) Coser
26. Making parrots, flowers, tufts, tassels, bunches, bosses, knobs,&c., out of yarn or thread.
parrots - loros; papagayo, loro, cotorra
tufts - mechones; mechón
tassels - orlas; borla
bunches - ramos; manojo, punado, (flowers) ramo, bonchote, racimo, grupo
knobs - pomos; perilla, asa
yarn - hilo, hilado, lana, hilaza, cuento
thread - hilo, hebra, hilaza, tema, argumento, hilazón, subproceso
27. Solution of riddles, enigmas, covert speeches, verbal puzzles andenigmatical questions.
riddles - enigmas; adivinanza, acertijo
enigmas - enigmas; enigma
covert - encubierto
verbal - verbal, verbal
puzzles - puzzles; rompecabezas, enigma, puzle, acertijo, intrigar
andenigmatical - yenigmático
28. A game, which consisted in repeating verses, and as one personfinished, another person had to commence at once, repeating anotherverse, beginning with the same letter with which the last speaker'sverse ended, whoever failed to repeat was considered to have lost, andto be subject to pay a forfeit or stake of some kind.
personfinished - personaacabada
commence - comenzar, empezar, iniciar, principiar
anotherverse - otro universo
sverse - verse
Whoever - a quién; cualquier, cualesquiera, cualquiera, quien
andto - y a
forfeit - renuncia; penalización, perder, rendir
stake - estaca, participación, estacar, poner en juego
29. The art of mimicry or imitation.
imitation - imitación
30. Reading, including chanting and intoning.
chanting - cantando; salmodiar
intoning - entonando; (intone) entonando
31. Study of sentences difficult to pronounce. It is played as a gamechiefly by women and children, and consists of a difficult sentencebeing given, and when repeated quickly, the words are often transposedor badly pronounced.
sentencebeing - Sentencia
32. Practice with sword, single stick, quarter staff, and bow and arrow.
sword - espada, gladio
bow - arco; inclinar(se), hacer una reverencia
arrow - flecha
33. Drawing inferences, reasoning or inferring.
inferences - inferencias; inferencia, ilación
inferring - inferir, argüir, checkinferir
34. Carpentry, or the work of a carpenter.
carpentry - carpintería
Carpenter - carpintero, carpintera, ebanista
35. Architecture, or the art of building.
36. Knowledge about gold and silver coins, and jewels and gems.
silver coins - monedas de plata
gems - gemas; joya, alhaja, piedra preciosa, gema
37. Chemistry and mineralogy.
mineralogy - mineralogía
38. Colouring jewels, gems and beads.
beads - perlas; cuenta, gota
39. Knowledge of mines and quarries.
quarries - canteras; cantera
40. Gardening; knowledge of treating the diseases of trees and plants,of nourishing them, and determining their ages.
nourishing - nutritiva; nutrir
41. Art of cock fighting, quail fighting and ram fighting.
cock - polla; gallo, macho
quail - codorniz; acobardarse, amedrentarse
ram - RAM, memoria RAM
42. Art of teaching parrots and starlings to speak.
starlings - Estorninos
43. Art of applying perfumed ointments to the body, and of dressing thehair with unguents and perfumes and braiding it.
ointments - ungüentos; pomada, ungüento
thehair - El pelo
unguents - Ungüento
braiding - Trenzado; (braid) Trenzado
44. The art of understanding writing in cypher, and the writing of wordsin a peculiar way.
45. The art of speaking by changing the forms of words. It is of variouskinds. Some speak by changing the beginning and end of words, others byadding unnecessary letters between every syllable of a word, and so on.
variouskinds - varios tipos
byadding - anadiendo
syllable - sílaba
46. Knowledge of language and of the vernacular dialects.
vernacular - idioma, dialecto, lengua vernácula, vernáculo
dialects - ialectos; dialecto
47. Art of making flower carriages.
carriages - carrozas; coche, carruaje
48. Art of framing mystical diagrams, of addressing spells and charms,and binding armlets.
mystical - místico
charms - encantos; encanto
50. Composing poems.
composing - componiendo; componer, constituir, conformar, constar
51. Knowledge of dictionaries and vocabularies.
vocabularies - vocabularios; vocabulario, léxico
52. Knowledge of ways of changing and disguising the appearance ofpersons.
disguising - Disfraz; (disguise); disfraz, pantalla, tapadera, disfrazar
ofpersons - de las personas
53. Knowledge of the art of changing the appearance of things, such asmaking cotton to appear as silk, coarse and common things to appear asfine and good.
asmaking - Haciendo
silk - seda
coarse - grosero; tosco, rústico, rudo, bruto
54. Various ways of gambling.
gambling - juegos de azar; juego de azar; (gamble); apuesta, apostar, jugar
55. Art of obtaining possession of the property of others by means ofmuntras or incantations.
ofmuntras - fmuntras
56. Skill in youthful sports.
youthful - juvenil, joven
57. Knowledge of the rules of society, and of how to pay respects andcompliments to others.
andcompliments - y cumplidos
58. Knowledge of the art of war, of arms, of armies, &c.
59. Knowledge of gymnastics.
60. Art of knowing the character of a man from his features.
61. Knowledge of scanning or constructing verses.
constructing - construyendo; construcción, constructo, construir
62. Arithmetical recreations.
arithmetical - aritmética; aritmético
recreations - recreaciones; recreación
63. Making artificial flowers.
artificial - artificial
64. Making figures and images in clay.
clay - arcilla, barro
A public woman, endowed with a good disposition, beauty and otherwinning qualities, and also versed in the above arts, obtains the nameof a Ganika, or public woman of high quality, and receives a seat ofhonour in an assemblage of men. She is, moreover, always respected bythe king, and praised by learned men, and her favour being sought for byall, she becomes an object of universal regard. The daughter of a kingtoo, as well as the daughter of a minister, being learned in the abovearts, can make their husbands favourable to them, even though these mayhave thousands of other wives besides themselves.
endowed - dotar, costear, financiar, ser bendecido, ser dotado
otherwinning - otrowinning
obtains - obtiene; obtener, coger
nameof - nombre de
ofhonour - De honor
Praised - elogiado; alabanza, loa, enaltecimiento, elogio, adoración
universal - universal
minister - ministro
abovearts - Sobrearts
favourable - favorable
mayhave - puede tener
And in the samemanner, if a wife becomes separated from her husband, and falls intodistress, she can support herself easily, even in a foreign country, bymeans of her knowledge of these arts. Even the bare knowledge of themgives attractiveness to a woman, though the practice of them may be onlypossible or otherwise according to the circumstances of each case. A manwho is versed in these arts, who is loquacious and acquainted with thearts of gallantry, gains very soon the hearts of women, even though heis only acquainted with them for a short time.
samemanner - el mismo modo
intodistress - introductora
bymeans - Por qué
bare - desnudo, descubierto
attractiveness - atractivo, atractividad
onlypossible - Sólo es posible
circumstances - circunstancias; circunstancia
manwho - Quién
loquacious - locuaz
thearts - las artes
gallantry - galantería; coraje, valor
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 11: The author wishes to prove that a great many things aredone by people from practice and custom, without their being acquaintedwith the reason of things, or the laws on which they are based, and thisis perfectly true.]
aredone - ya está
acquaintedwith - Conocer
thisis - Esto es
[Footnote 12: The proviso of being married applies to all the teachers.]
proviso - provisión; salvedad
THE LIFE OF A CITIZEN.[13]
Having thus acquired learning, a man, with the wealth that he may havegained by gift, conquest, purchase, deposit,[14] or inheritance from hisancestors, should become a householder, and pass the life of a citizen.He should take a house in a city, or large village, or in the vicinityof good men, or in a place which is the resort of many persons. Thisabode should be situated near some water, and divided into differentcompartments for different purposes. It should be surrounded by agarden, and also contain two rooms, an outer and an inner one. The innerroom should be occupied by the females, while the outer room, balmy withrich perfumes, should contain a bed, soft, agreeable to the sightcovered with a clean white cloth, low in the middle part, havinggarlands and bunches of flowers[15] upon it, and a canopy above it, andtwo pillows, one at the top, another at the bottom. There should be alsoa sort of couch besides, and at the head of this a sort of stool, onwhich should be placed the fragrant ointments for the night, as well asflowers, pots containing collyrium and other fragrant substances, thingsused for perfuming the mouth, and the bark of the common citron tree.
acquired - dquirido; obtener, adquirir
havegained - han ganado
conquest - conquista
purchase - compra, adquisición, comprar
deposit - depósito, empeno, depositar
inheritance - herencia
hisancestors - sus antepasados
householder - propietario; panish: t-needed
vicinityof - Cercanía de
resort - esort; recurrir (a)
situated - situado; situar
differentcompartments - Diferentes compartimentos
surrounded - rodeado; circundar, envolver, cercar, rodear
innerroom - Habitación interior
be occupied - estar ocupado
withrich - conrich
agreeable - lisonjero, agradable, dispuesto, conforme
sightcovered - A la vista
havinggarlands - tener tierras
canopy - cubierta; dosel, palio, toldo, alero, copa, parabrisas, capota
andtwo - y dos
pillows - almohadas; almohada
alsoa - también
couch - un sofá; sofá, canapé
stool - heces; taburete
onwhich - sobre qué
fragrant - oloroso; fragante, perfumado
asflowers - como flores
collyrium - Colirio
thingsused - Cosas usadas
perfuming - perfumando; aroma, perfume, perfumar
bark - corteza; ladrido
ear the couch, on the ground, there should be a pot for spitting, a boxcontaining ornaments, and also a lute hanging from a peg made of thetooth of an elephant, a board for drawing, a pot containing perfume,some books, and some garlands of the yellow amaranth flowers. Not farfrom the couch, and on the ground, there should be a round seat, a toycart, and a board for playing with dice; outside the outer roomthere should be cages of birds,[16] and a separate place for spinning,carving, and such like diversions. In the garden there should be awhirling swing and a common swing, as also a bower of creepers coveredwith flowers, in which a raised parterre should be made for sitting.
spitting - Escupiendo; (spit) Escupiendo
boxcontaining - contiene caja
lute - Laúd
peg - clavija, tarugo, colgador, perchero, gancho, fijar, tachar
thetooth - El diente
perfume - aroma, perfume, perfumar
amaranth - amaranto, bledo
farfrom - lejos
toycart - Carro de juguete
dice - dados; cortar en cubos
roomthere - Habitación
cages - jaulas; jaula, cabina, enjaular
spinning - girando; hilatura; (spin) girando; hilatura
carving - tallar; tallado, escultura; (carve); cortar, trinchar, tallar
diversions - diversiones; distracción, diversión, desviación
awhirling - whirling
swing - balanceo; balancear, mecer, columpiar, oscilar, columpio
creepers - enredaderas; rastrera
coveredwith - con qué
Now the householder having got up in the morning and performed hisnecessary duties,[17] should wash his teeth, apply a limited quantity ofointments and perfumes to his body, put some ornaments on his person andcollyrium on his eyelids and below his eyes, colour his lips withalacktaka,[18] and look at himself in the glass. Having then eaten betelleaves, with other things that give fragrance to the mouth, he shouldperform his usual business. He should bathe daily, anoint his body withoil every other day, apply a lathering[19] substance to his body everythree days, get his head (including face) shaved every four days, andthe other parts of his body every five or ten days.[20] All these thingsshould be done without fail, and the sweat of the armpits should also beremoved. Meals should be taken in the forenoon, in the afternoon, andagain at night, according to Charayana.
hisnecessary - es necesario
ofointments - Ungüentos
andcollyrium - colirio
eyelids - párpados; párpado
withalacktaka - conalacktaka
fragrance - fragancia, aroma
shouldperform - debería funcionar
bathe - banarse; banar, lavar
anoint - ungir
withoil - con aceite
everythree - Cada tres
andthe - y el
thingsshould - debería
sweat - sudor
armpits - las axilas; axila, sobaco
beremoved - Quitar
andagain - y otra vez
After breakfast, parrots andother birds should be taught to speak, and the fighting of cocks,quails, and rams should follow. A limited time should be devoted todiversions with Pithamardas, Vitas, and Vidushakas,[21] and then shouldbe taken the midday sleep.[22] After this the householder, having put onhis clothes and ornaments, should, during the afternoon, converse withhis friends. In the evening there should be singing, and after that thehouseholder, along with his friend, should await in his room, previouslydecorated and perfumed, the arrival of the woman that may be attached tohim, or he may send a female messenger for her, or go for her himself.After her arrival at his house, he and his friend should welcome her,and entertain her with a loving and agreeable conversation. Thus end theduties of the day.
andother - y otros
cocks - pollas; gallo, macho
quails - codornices; acobardarse, amedrentarse
rams - los carneros; RAM, memoria RAM
devoted - dedicado; dedicar
todiversions - diversiones
shouldbe - debería ser
midday sleep - siesta
converse - conversar, charlar
withhis - Con esto
thehouseholder - el accionista
await - esperar, aguantar
previouslydecorated - decorado anteriormente
tohim - a él
messenger - mensajero
theduties - las funciones
The following are the things to be done occasionally as diversions oramusements.
Occasionally - ocasionalmente, de vez en cuando, a veces
1. Holding festivals[23] in honour of different Deities.
honour - honor; honradez
2. Social gatherings of both sexes.
gatherings - reunión
3. Drinking parties.
4. Picnics.
picnics - picnics; jira, pícnic
5. Other social diversions.
_Festivals._
On some particular auspicious day, an assembly of citizens should beconvened in the temple of Saraswati.[24] There the skill of singers, andof others who may have come recently to the town, should be tested, andon the following day they should always be given some rewards. Afterthat they may either be retained or dismissed, according as theirperformances are liked or not by the assembly.
auspicious - uspicioso; prometedor, propicio
assembly - ensamblaje, ensamblaje, montaje, asamblea, ensamblador
beconvened - convocado
Temple - templo
andof - y de
rewards - recompensas; recompensa
dismissed - despedido; despedir, echar, disipar, rechazar, expulsar
theirperformances - Sus resultados
The members of theassembly should act in concert, both in times of distress as well as intimes of prosperity, and it is also the duty of these citizens to showhospitality to strangers who may have come to the assembly. What is saidabove should be understood to apply to all the other festivals which maybe held in honour of the different Deities, according to the presentrules.
theassembly - la asamblea
prosperity - prosperidad
showhospitality - Mostrar hospitalidad
strangers - Extrano
saidabove - Dicho anteriormente
presentrules - Preséntulas
_Social Gatherings._
When men of the same age, disposition and talents, fond of the samediversions and with the same degree of education, sit together incompany with public women,[25] or in an assembly of citizens, or at theabode of one among themselves, and engage in agreeable discourse witheach other, such is called a sitting in company or a social gathering.
fond - carinoso, afectuoso
samediversions - diversiones
incompany - Incompanía
theabode - elabode
engage - participar; atraer, trabar conversación con, trabar batalla
discourse - discurso, conversación, disertar
witheach - con cada uno
he subjects of discourse are to be the completion of verses halfcomposed by others, and the testing the knowledge of one another in thevarious arts. The women who may be the most beautiful, who may like thesame things that the men like, and who may have power to attract theminds of others, are here done homage to.
completion - terminación; conclusión, compleción
halfcomposed - Compuesto a medias
thevarious - varios
thesame - Lo mismo
homage - homenaje
_Drinking Parties._
Men and women should drink in one another's houses. And here the menshould cause the public women to drink, and should then drinkthemselves, liquors such as the Madhu, Aireya, Sara, and Asawa, whichare of bitter and sour taste; also drinks concocted from the barks ofvarious trees, wild fruits and leaves.
menshould - deberían los hombres
drinkthemselves - se beben
liquors - licores; jugo, licor
whichare - cuál
Bitter - amargo
sour - agrio, ácido, acedo, acidez
concocted - inventado; confeccionar
barks - ladridos; ladrido
ofvarious - evarios
_Going to Gardens or Picnics._
In the forenoon, men, having dressed themselves should go to gardens onhorseback, accompanied by public women and followed by servants. Andhaving done there all the duties of the day, and passed the time invarious agreeable diversions, such as the fighting of quails, cocks andrams, and other spectacles, they should return home in the afternoon inthe same manner, bringing with them bunches of flowers, &c.
onhorseback - a caballo
accompanied - acompanado; acompanar
invarious - invarios
andrams - Andramas
spectacles - gafas; espectáculo, papelón
The same also applies to bathing in summer in water from which wicked ordangerous animals have previously been taken out, and which has beenbuilt in on all sides.
wicked - malvado, cruel, insoportable; (wick) malvado, cruel
ordangerous - peligroso
beenbuilt - Se ha construido
_Other Social Diversions._
Spending nights playing with dice. Going out on moonlight nights.Keeping the festive day in honour of spring. Plucking the sprouts andfruits of the mangoe trees. Eating the fibres of lotuses. Eating thetender ears of corn. Picnicing in the forests when the trees get theirnew foliage. The Udakakashvedika or sporting in the water.
moonlight - la luz de la luna; luz de la luna, lunada, pluriemplearse
festive day - Día festivo
plucking - desplumando; herir, desplumar, perseverancia
sprouts - brotes; brotar
andfruits - y frutos
fibres - fibras; fibra, fibra
lotuses - lotos; loto
theirnew - Su nuevo
foliage - follaje
Decoratingeach other with the flowers of some trees. Pelting each other with theflowers of the Kadamba tree, and many other sports which may either beknown to the whole country, or may be peculiar to particular parts ofit. These and similar other amusements should always be carried on bycitizens.
theflowers - las flores
beknown - conocer
ofit - De eso
bycitizens - or los ciudadanos
The above amusements should be followed by a person who diverts himselfalone in company with a courtesan, as well as by a courtesan who can dothe same in company with her maid servants or with citizens.
diverts - desvíos; desviar, entretener, distraer
himselfalone - Solo
dothe - te
maid - mucama; doncella, senorita, doméstica, empleada doméstica
A Pithamarda[26] is a man without wealth, alone in the world, whose onlyproperty consists of his Mallika,[27] some lathering, substance and ared cloth, who comes from a good country, and who is skilled in all thearts; and by teaching these arts is received in the company of citizens,and in the abode of public women.
onlyproperty - sólopropiedad
lathering - enjabonarse; espuma
ared - red
abode - Morada; (abide); quedar, permanecer, resistir, aguantar
A Vita[28] is a man who has enjoyed the pleasures of fortune, who is acompatriot of the citizens with whom he associates, who is possessed ofthe qualities of a householder, who has his wife with him, and who ishonoured in the assembly of citizens, and in the abodes of public women,and lives on their means and on them.
Fortune - fortuna
acompatriot - compatriota
associates - asociados; asociado, companero, asociar, frecuentar, alternar
possessed - poseído; poseer
ishonoured - se honra
abodes - oradas; Morada
A Vidushaka[29] (also called a Vaihasaka, _i.e._, one who provokeslaughter) is a person only acquainted with some of the arts who is ajester, and who is trusted by all.
provokeslaughter - provoca risa
ajester - Jugador
These persons are employed in matters of quarrels and reconciliationsbetween citizens and public women.
reconciliationsbetween - conciliaciones
This remark applies also to female beggars, to women with their headsshaved, to adulterous women, and to old public women skilled in all thevarious arts.
remark - observación, comentario
headsshaved - cabezas afeitadas
adulterous - adúltera; adúltero
Thus a citizen living in his town or village, respected by all, shouldcall on the persons of his own caste who may be worth knowing. He shouldconverse in company and gratify his friends by his society, and obligingothers by his assistance in various matters, he should cause them toassist one another in the same way.
shouldcall - debería llamar
caste - casta
shouldconverse - convertirse
obligingothers - Obligar a los demás
toassist - ayudar
There are some verses on this subject as follows:--
A citizen discoursing, not entirely in the Sanscrit language,[30] norwholly in the dialects of the country, on various topics in society,obtains great respect. The wise should not resort to a society dislikedby the public, governed by no rules, and intent on the destruction ofothers.
discoursing - discutiendo; discurso, conversación, disertar
wise - sabio
dislikedby - no le gusta
governed - gobernado; gobernar
ofothers - e otros
But a learned man living in a society which acts according tothe wishes of the people, and which has pleasure for its only object ishighly respected in this world.
ishighly - es muy
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 13: This term would appear to apply generally to an inhabitantof Hindoostan. It is not meant only for a dweller in a city, like theLatin Urbanus as opposed to Rusticus.]
inhabitantof - habitante de
dweller - habitante
theLatin - El latín
opposed - oponerse; oponer
[Footnote 14: Gift is peculiar to a Brahman, conquest to a Kshatrya,while purchase, deposit, and other means of acquiring wealth belongs tothe Vaishya.]
acquiring - adquiriendo; obtener, adquirir
[Footnote 15: Natural garden flowers.]
[Footnote 16: Such as quails, partridges, parrots, starlings, &c.]
Partridges - perdices; perdiz
[Footnote 17: The calls of nature always performed by the Hindoos thefirst thing in the morning.]
thefirst - el primero
[Footnote 18: A colour made from lac.]
[Footnote 19: This would act instead of soap, which was not introduceduntil the rule of the Mahomedans.]
introduceduntil - hasta
[Footnote 20: Ten days are allowed when the hair is taken out with a pairof pincers.]
pincers - Pinza
[Footnote 21: These are characters generally introduced in the Hindoodrama; their characteristics will be explained further on.]
further on - más adelante
[Footnote 22: Noonday sleep is only allowed in summer, when the nightsare short.]
noonday - Mediodía
nightsare - Noches
[Footnote 23: These are very common in all parts of India.]
[Footnote 24: In the 'Asiatic Miscellany,'and in Sir W. Jones's works,will be found a spirited hymn addressed to this goddess, who is adoredas the patroness of the fine arts, especially of music and rhetoric, asthe inventress of the Sanscrit language, &c., &c. She is the goddess ofharmony, eloquence, and language, and is somewhat analogous to Minerva.For further information about her, see Edward Moor's 'Hindoo Pantheon.']
Asiatic - Asiático
miscellany - miscelánea, miscelánea, antología
hymn - himno
goddess - diosa
adoredas - doredas
rhetoric - Retórica
asthe - como el
inventress - Inventora
ofharmony - de armonía
eloquence - elocuencia
analogous - análogo
Edward - Eduardo
moor - páramos; páramo
Pantheon - panteón
[Footnote 25: The public women, or courtesans (Vesya), of the earlyHindoos have often been compared with the Hetera of the Greeks. Thesubject is dealt with at some length in H. H. Wilson's 'Select Specimensof the Theatre of the Hindoos,'in two volumes, Trubner & Co.
earlyHindoos - Hindoos primitivos
select - selecto, seleccionar
volumes - volúmenes; volumen
1871. Itmay be fairly considered that the courtesan was one of the elements, andan important element too, of early Hindoo society, and that hereducation and intellect were both superior to that of the women of thehousehold. Wilson says, "By the Vesya or courtesan, however, we are notto understand a female who has disregarded the obligation of law or theprecepts of virtue, but a character reared by a state of mannersunfriendly to the admission of wedded females into society, and openingit only at the expense of reputation to women who were trained forassociation with men by personal and mental acquirements to which thematron was a stranger."]
hereducation - ereducación
intellect - intelecto
superior - superior, superior
thehousehold - la casa
notto - No
disregarded - ignorado; descuidar, desatender, ignorar
obligation - obligación, compromiso, deber
theprecepts - los preceptos
reared - criado; parte trasera
mannersunfriendly - malos modales
admission - admisión, admisión, confesión
wedded - casada; casar
openingit - Abrirlo
reputation - reputación
forassociation - para la asociación
acquirements - adquisición
thematron - Tematron
[Footnote 26: According to this description a Pithamarda would be a sortof professor of all the arts, and as such received as the friend andconfidant of the citizens.]
andconfidant - y confidente
[Footnote 27: A seat in the form of the letter T.]
[Footnote 28: The Vita is supposed to represent somewhat the characterof the Parasite of the Greek comedy. It is possible that he was retainedabout the person of the wealthy and dissipated as a kind of privateinstructor, as well as an entertaining companion.]
characterof - Carácter de
parasite - parásito
Greek - griego, griego, griega
retainedabout - Retenido
wealthy - ricos; adinerado, rico, próspero, acomodado
privateinstructor - instructor particular
companion - companero; companero, companera
[Footnote 29: Vidushaka is evidently the buffoon and jester. Wilson saysof him that he is the humble companion, not the servant, of a prince orman of rank, and it is a curious peculiarity that he is always aBrahman. He bears more affinity to Sancho Panza, perhaps, than any othercharacter in western fiction, imitating him in his combination ofshrewdness and simplicity, his fondness of good living and his love ofease.
buffoon - bufón, panish: t-needed
saysof - Decir
humble - humilde
rank - rango, graduación
Curious - tienes curiosidad; curioso; extrano, raro
peculiarity - particularidad; peculiaridad
affinity - afinidad
othercharacter - Otro personaje
imitating - imitando; imitar
combination - combinación
ofshrewdness - e astucia
simplicity - simplicidad, sencillez, llano
fondness - carino; apego, querencia
good living - buena vida
ofease - eease
In the dramas of intrigue he exhibits some of the talents ofMercury, but with less activity and ingenuity, and occasionally suffersby his interference. According to the technical definition of hisattributes he is to excite mirth by being ridiculous in person, age, andattire.]
intrigue - intriga, argumento, intrigar
exhibits - exhibiciones; exhibir, exponer, prueba documental
ofMercury - e Mercurio
ingenuity - ingenuidad; ingenio
suffersby - Sufrir
interference - interferencias; injerencia, interferencia, intromisión
hisattributes - Sus atributos
mirth - felicidad, alegría, júbilo
ridiculous - ridículo
[Footnote 30: This means, it is presumed, that the citizen should beacquainted with several languages. The middle part of this paragraphmight apply to the Nihilists and Fenians of the day, or to secretsocieties. It was perhaps a reference to the Thugs.]
beacquainted - conocerse
paragraphmight - párrafo
nihilists - nihilistas; nihilista
secretsocieties - secretosociedades
Thugs - matones; matón, macarra, rufián, perdonavidas
ABOUT THE KINDS OF WOMEN RESORTED TO BY THE CITIZENS, AND OF FRIENDS ANDMESSENGERS.
resorted - recurrido; recurrir (a)
When Kama is practised by men of the four castes according to the rulesof the Holy Writ (_i.e._, by lawful marriage) with virgins of their owncaste, it then becomes a means of acquiring lawful progeny and goodfame, and it is not also opposed to the customs of the world. On thecontrary the practice of Kama with women of the higher castes, and withthose previously enjoyed by others, even though they be of the samecaste, is prohibited.
castes - astas; casta
rulesof - Reglas de
lawful - legal; panish: t-needed
virgins - vírgenes; virgen, doncel, doncella, senorita
owncaste - casta propia
progeny - progenie; descendiente
goodfame - buena fama
opposed - Oposición
thecontrary - elcontrario
withthose - Con esos
prohibited - prohibido; prohibir
But the practice of Kama with women of the lowercastes, with women excommunicated from their own caste, with publicwomen, and with women twice married,[31] is neither enjoined norprohibited. The object of practising Kama with such women is pleasureonly.
lowercastes - Castes inferiores
excommunicated - excomulgado; excomulgar
publicwomen - mujeres públicas
norprohibited - i prohibidas
pleasureonly - Sólo placer
Nayikas,[32] therefore, are of three kinds, viz., maids, women twicemarried, and public women. Gonikaputra has expressed an opinion thatthere is a fourth kind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is resorted to onsome special occasion even though she be previously married to another.These special occasions are when a man thinks thus:--
twicemarried - dos veces casado
thatthere - Eso
(_a_). This woman is self-willed, and has been previously enjoyed by many others besides myself. I may, therefore, safely resort to her as to a public woman though she belongs to a higher caste than mine, and in so doing I shall not be violating the ordinances of Dharma.
safely - seguro; seguramente
violating - violar, vulnerar
Or thus:--
(_b_). This is a twice-married woman and has been enjoyed by others before me, there is, therefore, no objection to my resorting to her.
Or thus:--
(_c_). This woman has gained the heart of her great and powerful husband, and exercises a mastery over him, who is a friend of my enemy; if, therefore, she becomes united with me, she will cause her husband to abandon my enemy.
mastery - dominio, maestría
abandon - abandonar, dejar
Or thus:--
(_d_). This woman will turn the mind of her husband, who is very powerful, in my favour, he being at present disaffected towards me, and intent on doing me some harm.
disaffected - desafecto
Or thus:--
(_e_). By making this woman my friend I shall gain the object of some friend of mine, or shall be able to effect the ruin of some enemy, or shall accomplish some other difficult purpose.
ruin - ruina, desbaratar, arruinar, estropear, dar al traste
accomplish - cumplir; efectuar, realizar, lograr, completar
Or thus:--
(_f_). By being united with this woman, I shall kill her husband, and so obtain his vast riches which I covet.
vast - vasta; vasto, enorme
covet - desear, codiciar, checkenvidiar
Or thus:--
(_g_). The union of this woman with me is not attended with any danger, and will bring me wealth, of which, on account of my poverty and inability to support myself, I am very much in need. I shall, therefore, obtain her vast riches in this way without any difficulty.
inability - incapacidad
Or thus:--
(_h_). This woman loves me ardently, and knows all my weak points, if therefore, I am unwilling to be united with her, she will make my faults public, and thus tarnish my character and reputation. Or she will bring some gross accusation against me, of which it may be hard to clear myself, and I shall be ruined.
ardently - con ardor
unwilling - No quiere
faults - fallas; defecto, falla, culpa, falta
tarnish - empanar; oxidación, oxidar, deslustrar, empanar, tiznar
Gross - asqueroso; repulsivo, gruesa, bruto
accusation - acusación
Or perhaps she will detach from me her husband, who is powerful, and yet under her control, and will unite him to my enemy, or will herself join the latter.
detach - desprender; desacoplar
unite - unirse; unir, aunar, juntar, combinar
Or thus:--
(_i_). The husband of this woman has violated the chastity of my wives, I shall therefore return that injury by seducing his wives.
seducing - Seducir; (seduce); seducir
Or thus:--
(_j_). By the help of this woman I shall kill an enemy of the king, who has taken shelter with her, and whom I am ordered by the king to destroy.
shelter - refugio, abrigo, amparo, asilo
Or thus:
(_k_). The woman whom I love is under the control of this woman. I shall, through the influence of the latter, be able to get at the former.
Or thus:--
(_l_). This woman will bring to me a maid, who possesses wealth and beauty, but who is hard to get at, and under the control of another.
possesses - poseer
Or, lastly, thus:--
(_m_). My enemy is a friend of this woman's husband, I shall therefore cause her to join him, and will thus create an enmity between her husband and him.
enmity - enemistad
For these and similar other reasons the wives of other men may beresorted to, but it must be distinctly understood that is only allowedfor special reasons, and not for mere carnal desire.
beresorted - Resorted
distinctly - laramente; distintamente
allowedfor - Permitido
mere - simple, mero
carnal desire - deseo carnal
Charayana thinks that under these circumstances there is also a fifthkind of Nayika, viz., a woman who is kept by a minister, and who repairsto him occasionally; or a widow who accomplishes the purpose of a manwith the person to whom she resorts.
fifthkind - Quinta humanidad
repairsto - Reparar
accomplishes - consigue; efectuar, realizar, lograr, completar
resorts - resorts; recurrir (a)
Suvarnanabha adds that a woman who passes the life of an ascetic and inthe condition of a widow may be considered as a sixth kind of Nayika.
ascetic - ascético, asceta
Ghotakamukha says that the daughter of a public woman, and a femaleservant, who are still virgins, form a seventh kind of Nayika.
femaleservant - Sirvienta femenina
Gonardiya puts forth his doctrine that any woman born of good family,after she has come of age, is an eighth kind of Nayika.
doctrine - doctrina
Eighth - octavo, octavo
But these four latter kinds of Nayikas do not differ much from the firstfour kinds of them, as there is no separate object in resorting tothem. Therefore Vatsyayana is of opinion that there are only four kindsof Nayikas, _i.e._, the maid, the twice married woman, the public woman,and the woman resorted to for a special purpose.
differ - difieren; ser distinto
firstfour - primercuatro
tothem - a ellos
kindsof - De qué tipo
The following women are not to be enjoyed:--
A leper.
leper - leproso, leprosa
A lunatic.
lunatic - insano, orate, lunático
A woman turned out of caste.
A woman who reveals secrets.
reveals - revelar, propalar
A woman who publicly expresses desire for sexual intercourse.
publicly - públicamente
A woman who is extremely white.
A woman who is extremely black.
A bad-smelling woman.
A woman who is a near relation.
A woman who is a female friend.
A woman who leads the life of an ascetic.
And, lastly, the wife of a relation, of a friend, of a learned Brahman,and of the king.
The followers of Babhravya say that any woman who has been enjoyed byfive men is a fit and proper person to be enjoyed. But Gonikaputra is ofopinion that even when this is the case, the wives of a relation, of alearned Brahman and of a king should be excepted.
followers - seguidores; seguidor, seguidora, imitador
byfive - Cinco
ofopinion - deopinión
alearned - aprendido
The following are the kind of friends:--
One who has played with you in the dust, _i.e._, in childhood.
One who is bound by an obligation.
bound - atado; (bind); atar, atar (tie), empastar (books), liar
One who is of the same disposition and fond of the same things.
One who is a fellow student.
fellow student - Companero de estudios
One who is acquainted with your secrets and faults, and whose faults andsecrets are also known to you.
andsecrets - secretos
One who is a child of your nurse.
One who is brought up with you.
One who is an hereditary friend.
hereditary - heredado, hereditario
These friends should possess the following qualities:--
possess - poseer
They should tell the truth.
They should not be changed by time.
They should be favourable to your designs.
They should be firm.
firm - firma; firme, sólido
They should be free from covetousness.
covetousness - codicia
They should not be capable of being gained over by others.
capable - capaz
They should not reveal your secrets.
reveal - revelar, propalar
Charayana says that citizens form friendship with washermen, barbers,cowherds, florists, druggists, betel-leaf sellers, tavern keepers,beggars, Pithamardas, Vitas and Vidushekas, as also with the wives ofall these people.
washermen - lavanderos; lavandero, lavandera
barbers - barberos; barbero, peluquero
cowherds - vaqueros; vaquero
florists - floristas; florista
druggists - Farmacia
betel - betel
sellers - vendedores; Vendedor
tavern - taberna
keepers - custodios; guardián, guardiana, custodio
ofall - De todo
A messenger should possess the following qualities:--
Skilfulness.
Boldness.
boldness - audacia; osadía
Knowledge of the intention of men by their outward signs.
Absence of confusion, _i.e._, no shyness.
confusion - confusión
shyness - timidez
Knowledge of the exact meaning of what others do or say.
Good manners.
Knowledge of appropriate times and places for doing different things.
Ingenuity in business.
Quick comprehension.
comprehension - comprensión, entendimiento
Quick application of remedies, _i.e._, quick and ready resources.
remedies - remedios; remedio, recurso, remediar
And this part ends with a verse:--
The man who is ingenious and wise, who is accompanied by a friend, andwho knows the intentions of others, as also the proper time and placefor doing everything, can gain over, very easily, even a woman who isvery hard to be obtained.
andwho - y quién
placefor - para qué
isvery - svery
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 31: This term does not apply to a widow, but to a woman whohad probably left her husband, and is living with some other person as amarried woman, maritalement, as they say in France.]
whohad - Quién tenía
amarried - Casado
maritalement - Matrimonio
[Footnote 32: Any woman fit to be enjoyed without sin. The object of theenjoyment of women is twofold, viz., pleasure and progeny. Any woman whocan be enjoyed without sin for the purpose of accomplishing either theone or the other of these two objects is a Nayika.
sin - pecado
theenjoyment - Disfrutar
twofold - doble, doblemente
whocan - Quién puede
accomplishing - cumpliendo; efectuar, realizar, lograr, completar
The fourth kind ofNayika which Vatsya admits further on is neither enjoyed for pleasure orfor progeny, but merely for accomplishing some special purpose in hand.The word Nayika is retained as a technical term throughout.]
ofNayika - eNayika
technical term - término técnico
=END OF PART I.=
OF SEXUAL UNION.
KINDS OF SEXUAL UNION ACCORDING TO
(_a_) DIMENSIONS. (_b_) FORCE OF DESIRE OR PASSION. (_c_) TIME.
_Kinds of Union._
Man is divided into three classes, viz., the hare man, the bull man, andthe horse man, according to the size of his lingam.
Hare - liebre
Bull - toro
Woman also, according to the depth of her yoni, is either a female deer,a mare, or a female elephant.
depth - profundidad
mare - yegua
There are thus three equal unions between persons of correspondingdimensions, and there are six unequal unions, when the dimensions do notcorrespond, or nine in all, as the following table shows:
correspondingdimensions - dimensiones correspondientes
unequal - desigual
notcorrespond - no corresponde
+--------------------+--------------------+ | EQUAL. | UNEQUAL. | +--------------------+--------------------+ | MEN. | WOMEN. | MEN. | WOMEN. | +--------+-----------+--------|-----------+ | | | | | | Hare. | Deer. | Hare.
| Mare. | | Bull. | Mare. | Hare. | Elephant. | | Horse. | Elephant. | Bull. | Deer. | | | | Bull. | Elephant. | | | | Horse. | Deer. | | | | Horse. | Mare. | +--------+-----------+--------+-----------+
In these unequal unions, when the male exceeds the female in point ofsize, his union with a woman who is immediately next to him in size iscalled high union, and is of two kinds; while his union with the womanmost remote from him in size is called the highest union, and is of onekind only.
exceeds - sobrepasar, pasarse, exceder
ofsize - De tamano
iscalled - se llama
womanmost - Mujermost
onekind - un tipo
On the other hand when the female exceeds the male in pointof size, her union with a man immediately next to her in size is calledlow union, and is of two kinds; while her union with a man most remotefrom her in size is called the lowest union, and is of one kind only.
pointof - punto
calledlow - Calllow
remotefrom - lejos de
In other words, the horse and mare, the bull and deer, form the highunion, while the horse and deer form the highest union. On the femaleside, the elephant and bull, the mare and hare, form low unions, whilethe elephant and the hare make the lowest unions.
femaleside - femenino
whilethe - Mientras
There are then, nine kinds of union according to dimensions. Amongst allthese, equal unions are the best, those of a superlative degree, _i.e._,the highest and the lowest, are the worst, and the rest are middling,and with them the high[33] are better than the low.
amongst - entre
allthese - Todos estos
superlative - superlativo, superlativo, supremo
There are also nine kinds of union according to the force of passion orcarnal desire, as follows:
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | MEN. | WOMEN. | MEN. | WOMEN. | +-----------+-----------+-----------|-----------+ | | | | | | Small. | Small. | Small. | Middling. | | Middling. | Middling. | Small.
| Intense. | | Intense. | Intense. | Middling. | Small. | | | | Middling. | Intense. | | | | Intense. | Small. | | | | Intense. | Middling. | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
intense - intenso
A man is called a man of small passion whose desire at the time ofsexual union is not great, whose semen is scanty, and who cannot bearthe warm embraces of the female.
ofsexual - fsexual
semen - semen
scanty - escaso, exiguo
Those who differ from this temperament are called men of middlingpassion, while those of intense passion are full of desire.
temperament - temperamento
middlingpassion - pasiónmedia
In the same way, women are supposed to have the three degrees of feelingas specified above.
feelingas - sentimientos
specified - specificado; especificar
Lastly, according to time there are three kinds of men and women, viz.,the short-timed, the moderate-timed, and the long-timed, and of these asin the previous statements, there are nine kinds of union.
moderate - moderado, comedido, mediocre, moderar
But on this last head there is a difference of opinion about the female,which should be stated.
Auddalika says, "Females do not emit as males do. The males simplyremove their desire, while the females, from their consciousness ofdesire, feel a certain kind of pleasure, which gives them satisfaction,but it is impossible for them to tell you what kind of pleasure theyfeel.
emit - emitir
simplyremove - Simplemente eliminar
ofdesire - de deseo
satisfaction - satisfacción, satisfacción
theyfeel - Se sienten
The fact from which this becomes evident is, that males, whenengaged in coition, cease of themselves after emission, and aresatisfied, but it is not so with females."
evident - es evidente; evidente, constatable
whenengaged - cuándo se compromete
coition - Coición
cease - cesar, parar, terminar
emission - Emisión
aresatisfied - está satisfecho
This opinion is, however, objected to on the grounds that if a male be along-timed, the female loves him the more, but if he be short-timed, sheis dissatisfied with him. And this circumstance, some say, would provethat the female emits also.
dissatisfied - insatisfecho; descontentar
circumstance - circunstancia
provethat - Probarlo
emits - mite; emitir
But this opinion does not hold good, for if it takes a long time toallay a woman's desire, and during this time she is enjoying greatpleasure, it is quite natural then that she should wish for itscontinuation. And on this subject there is a verse as follows:
greatpleasure - gran placer
itscontinuation - su continuación
"By union with men the lust, desire, or passion of women is satisfied,and the pleasure derived from the consciousness of it is called theirsatisfaction."
lust - lujuria, deseo, ganas, lujuria, alegría
satisfied - satisfecho; satisfacer
derived - derivado; derivar
theirsatisfaction - Su satisfacción
The followers of Babhravya, however, say that the semen of womencontinues to fall from the beginning of the sexual union to its end, andit is right that it should be so, for if they had no semen there wouldbe no embryo.
womencontinues - ujerescontinúa
andit - Y eso
wouldbe - sería
embryo - embrión
To this there is an objection. In the beginning of coition the passionof the woman is middling, and she cannot bear the vigorous thrusts ofher lover, but by degrees her passion increases until she ceases tothink about her body, and then finally she wishes to stop from furthercoition.
passionof - Pasión
vigorous - vigoroso
thrusts - empujones; estocada, empuje, envión, impulso, énfasis
ofher - e ella
by degrees - Poco a poco
ceases - eas
tothink - Pensar
furthercoition - más coición
This objection, however, does not hold good, for even in ordinary thingsthat revolve with great force, such as a potter's wheel, or a top, wefind that the motion at first is slow, but by degrees it becomes veryrapid. In the same way the passion of the woman having graduallyincreased, she has a desire to discontinue coition, when all the semenhas fallen away. And there is a verse with regard to this as follows:
thingsthat - Qué cosas
revolve - girar, rotar
potter's wheel - torno del alfarero
wefind - Encontramos
motion - movimiento, moción
veryrapid - Muy rápido
graduallyincreased - ha aumentado gradualmente
discontinue - descontinuar, descatalogar, retirar
"The fall of the semen of the man takes place only at the end ofcoition, while the semen of the woman falls continually, and after thesemen of both has all fallen away then they wish for the discontinuanceof coition."[34]
ofcoition - De la coalición
continually - continuadamente, continuamente
thesemen - los hombres
discontinuanceof - continuación de
Lastly, Vatsyayana is of opinion that the semen of the female falls inthe same way as that of the male.
Now some may ask here: If men and women are beings of the same kind, andare engaged in bringing about the same result, why should they havedifferent works to do.
andare - yare
havedifferent - Ha cambiado
Vatsya says that this is so, because the ways of working as well as theconsciousness of pleasure in men and women are different. The differencein the ways of working, by which men are the actors, and women are thepersons acted upon, is owing to the nature of the male and the female,otherwise the actor would be sometimes the person acted upon, and viceversâ.
theconsciousness - la conciencia
differencein - Diferencia
thepersons - las personas
owing - deber, adeudar, estar en deuda
And from this difference in the ways of working follows thedifference in the consciousness of pleasure, for a man thinks, "thiswoman is united with me," and a woman thinks, "I am united with thisman."
thedifference - la diferencia
thiswoman - Esta mujer
thisman - Este hombre
It may be said that if the ways of working in men and women aredifferent, why should not there be a difference, even in the pleasurethey feel, and which is the result of those ways.
aredifferent - son diferentes
pleasurethey - Disfrutan
But this objection is groundless, for the person acting and the personacted upon being of different kinds, there is a reason for thedifference in their ways of working; but there is no reason for anydifference in the pleasure they feel, because they both naturally derivepleasure from the act they perform.[35]
groundless - infundado, sin fundamento
personacted - persona actuó
anydifference - alguna diferencia
derivepleasure - Derivar el placer
On this again some may say that when different persons are engaged indoing the same work, we find that they accomplish the same end orpurpose: while, on the contrary, in the case of men and women we findthat each of them accomplishes his or her own end separately, and thisis inconsistent. But this is a mistake, for we find that sometimes twothings are done at the same time, as for instance in the fighting oframs, both the rams receive the shock at the same time on their heads.Again, in throwing one wood apple against another, and also in a fightor struggle of wrestlers.
indoing - indo
orpurpose - o propósito
contrary - contrario
findthat - Encontrar eso
inconsistent - inconsistente, inconsecuente
twothings - Dos veces
instance - caso, ejemplo, ocasión, instancia
oframs - Orams
shock - conmoción, golpe
fightor - Peleador
Struggle - lucha, forcejeo, brega, luchar, esforzarse con denuedo
wrestlers - luchadores; luchador
If it be said that in these cases the thingsemployed are of the same kind, it is answered that even in the case ofmen and women, the nature of the two persons is the same. And as thedifference in their ways of working arises from the difference of theirconformation only, it follows that men experience the same kind ofpleasure as women do.
thingsemployed - Empleado
ofmen - hombres
theirconformation - su conformación
There is also a verse on this subject as follows: "Men and women beingof the same nature, feel the same kind of pleasure, and therefore a manshould marry such a woman as will love him ever afterwards."
beingof - de qué
manshould - el hombre debería
The pleasure of men and women being thus proved to be of the same kind,it follows that in regard to time, there are nine kinds of sexualintercourse, in the same way as there are nine kinds, according to theforce of passion.
sexualintercourse - intercurso sexual
theforce - la fuerza
There being thus nine kinds of union with regard to dimensions, force ofpassion, and time, respectively, by making combinations of them,innumerable kinds of union would be produced. Therefore in eachparticular kind of sexual union, men should use such means as they maythink suitable for the occasion.[36]
ofpassion - de la pasión
combinations - combinaciones; combinación
innumerable - innumerables; innumerable, incontable
eachparticular - Cada uno en particular
maythink - pensar
At the first time of sexual union the passion of the male is intense,and his time is short, but in subsequent unions on the same day thereverse of this is the case. With the female, however, it is thecontrary, for at the first time her passion is weak, and then her timelong, but on subsequent occasions on the same day, her passion isintense and her time short, until her passion is satisfied.
subsequent - subsiguiente, posterior
thereverse - Allí
timelong - Tiempo
isintense - intenso
_On the different kinds of Love._
Men learned in the humanities are of opinion that love is of four kinds,viz.:
humanities - umanidades; humanidad
1. Love acquired by continual habit.
2. Love resulting from the imagination.
imagination - imaginación, magín
3. Love resulting from belief.
4. Love resulting from the perception of external objects.
perception - percepción
external - externa; externo
(1). Love resulting from the constant and continual performance andhabit, as for instance the love of sexual intercourse, the love ofhunting, the love of drinking, the love of gambling, etc., etc.
constant - constante, perseverante, firme, constante
andhabit - ?hábito
ofhunting - e la caza
(2). Love which is felt for things to which we are not habituated, andwhich proceeds entirely from ideas, is called love resulting fromimagination, as for instance, that love which some men and women andeunuchs feel for the Auparishtaka or mouth congress, and that which isfelt by all for such things as embracing, kissing, etc., etc.
habituated - habituarse
andwhich - y cuál
proceeds - continuar, proceder
fromimagination - de la imaginación
andeunuchs - Andeunucos
isfelt - se siente
embracing - abrazar, abrazo
(3). The love which is mutual on both sides, and proved to be true, wheneach looks upon the other as his or her very own, such is called loveresulting from belief by the learned.
mutual - mutua; mutuo, recíproco
wheneach - cuándo
loveresulting - amoresultantes
(4). The love resulting from the perception of eternal objects is quiteevident and well-known to the world, because the pleasure which itaffords is superior to the pleasure of the other kinds of love, whichexists only for its sake.
eternal - eterno, eternal
quiteevident - Es evidente
whichexists - quéexiste
sake - por, por motivo de; por el bien de
What has been said in this chapter upon the subject of sexual union issufficient for the learned; but for the edification of the ignorant, thesame will now be treated of at length and in detail.
issufficient - Emisor eficiente
edification - dificación; panish: t-needed
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 33: High unions are said to be better than low ones, for inthe former it is possible for the male to satisfy his own passionwithout injuring the female, while in the latter it is difficult for thefemale to be satisfied by any means.]
satisfy - satisfacer
passionwithout - sin pasión
thefemale - lahembra
[Footnote 34: The strength of passion with women varies a great deal,some being easily satisfied, and others eager and willing to go on for along time. To satisfy these last thoroughly a man must have recourse toart. It is certain that a fluid flows from the woman in larger orsmaller quantities, but her satisfaction is not complete until she hasexperienced the "spasme génêsique," as described in a French workrecently published and called "Breviare de l'Amour Experimental par leDr.
varies - varía; variar
eager - ávido, ansioso, deseoso
thoroughly - cabalmente, a cabalidad, a fondo, detenidamente
recourse - recurso
fluid - líquido; fluido
orsmaller - o más pequeno
hasexperienced - ha experimentado
spasme - espasmo
workrecently - ha trabajado recientemente
experimental - experimental
par - valor medio; par
Jules Guyot."]
[Footnote 35: This is a long dissertation very common among Sanscritauthors, both when writing and talking socially. They start certainpropositions, and then argue for and against them. What it is presumedthe author means, is, that though both men and women derive pleasurefrom the act of coition, the way it is produced is brought about bydifferent means, each individual performing his own work in the matter,irrespective of the other, and each deriving individually their ownconsciousness of pleasure from the act they perform.
dissertation - disertación
socially - socialmente
certainpropositions - eterminadasproposiciones
presumedthe - se supone que
derive - derivar
pleasurefrom - Del placer
bydifferent - pordiferente
irrespective - independientemente; sin considerar
deriving - derivar
individually - individualmente
ownconsciousness - conciencia propia
There is adifference in the work that each does, and a difference in theconsciousness of pleasure that each has, but no difference in thepleasure they feel, for each feels that pleasure to a greater or lesserdegree.]
adifference - diferencia
thepleasure - el placer
lesserdegree - menor grado
[Footnote 36: This paragraph should be particularly noted, for itspecially applies to married men and their wives. So many men utterlyignore the feelings of the women, and never pay the slightest attentionto the passion of the latter. To understand the subject thoroughly, itis absolutely necessary to study it, and then a person will know that,as dough is prepared for baking, so must a woman be prepared for sexualintercourse, if she is to derive satisfaction from it.
itspecially - especialmente
utterlyignore - ignorar completamente
slightest - lo más mínimo; insignificante, leve, ligero, falta de respeto
attentionto - Atención
dough - masa, pasta, guita, plata
OF THE EMBRACE.
This part of the Kama Shastra, which treats of sexual union, is alsocalled "Sixty-four" (Chatushshashti). Some old authors say that it iscalled so, because it contains sixty-four chapters. Others are ofopinion that the author of this part being a person named Panchala, andthe person who recited the part of the Rig Veda called Dashatapa, whichcontains sixty-four verses, being also called Panchala, the name"sixty-four" has been given to the part of the work in honour of the RigVedas. The followers of Babhravya say on the other hand that this partcontains eight subjects, viz., the embrace, kissing, scratching with thenails or fingers, biting, lying down, making various sounds, playing thepart of a man, and the Auparishtaka, or mouth congress.
alsocalled - también llamado
recited - Recitar
Rig - arreglar; aparejar
whichcontains - Qué contiene
partcontains - contiene parte
scratching - Rascarse; (scratch); rascar, raspar, aranar, rasgunar, rayar
thenails - las unas
thepart - la parte
Each of thesesubjects being of eight kinds, and eight multiplied by eight beingsixty-four, this part is therefore named "sixty-four." But Vatsyayanaaffirms that as this part contains also the following subjects, viz.,striking, crying, the acts of a man during congress, the various kindsof congress, and other subjects, the name "sixty-four" is given to itonly accidentally. As, for instance, we say this tree is "Saptaparna,"or seven-leaved, this offering of rice is "Panchavarna," orfive-coloured, but the tree has not seven leaves, neither has the ricefive colours.
thesesubjects - estos temas
multiplied - multiplicado; multiplicar
beingsixty - Ser sesentón
itonly - sólo
accidentally - accidentalmente
leaved - Con hojas
offering - ofrenda; ofrecimiento; (offer) ofrenda; ofrecimiento
orfive - Cinco
ricefive - icefive
However the part sixty-four is now treated of, and the embrace, beingthe first subject, will now be considered.
beingthe - ser el
Now the embrace which indicates the mutual love of a man and woman whohave come together is of four kinds, viz.:
whohave - quién tiene
Touching. Piercing. Rubbing. Pressing.
piercing - pirsin, perforación, punzante; (pierce); pirsin, perforación
rubbing - Frotar; (rub); frotación, frotamiento, frote, frotar
The action in each case is denoted by the meaning of the word whichstands for it.
denoted - senalar, denotar, marcar, revelar, significar
whichstands - cuál
(1). When a man under some pretext or other goes in front or alongsideof a woman and touches her body with his own, it is called the "touchingembrace."
pretext - pretexto
alongsideof - al lado de
touchingembrace - Tocando
(2). When a woman in a lonely place bends down, as if to pick upsomething, and pierces, as it were, a man sitting or standing, with herbreasts, and the man in return takes hold of them, it is called a"piercing embrace."
bends down - agacharse
upsomething - Algo
pierces - perfora; atravesar, traspasar
herbreasts - Hierbas
The above two kinds of embrace takes place only between persons who donot, as yet, speak freely with each other.
donot - No
freely - libremente
(3). When two lovers are walking slowly together, either in the dark, orin a place of public resort, or in a lonely place, and rub their bodiesagainst each other, it is called a "rubbing embrace."
lovers - amante
Rub - frotación, frotamiento, frote, frotar
bodiesagainst - cuerpos en contra
(4). When on the above occasion one of them presses the other's bodyforcibly against a wall or pillar, it is called a "pressing embrace."
bodyforcibly - Cuerpo a la fuerza
pillar - pilar
These two last embraces are peculiar to those who know the intentions ofeach other.
ofeach - e cada uno
At the time of the meeting the four following kinds of embrace are used,viz.:
_Jataveshtitaka_, or the twining of a creeper.
creeper - enredadera; rastrera
_Vrikshadhirudhaka_, or climbing a tree.
_Tila-Tandulaka_, or the mixture of sesamum seed with rice.
sesamum - Sésamo
_Kshiraniraka_, or milk and water embrace.
(1). When a woman, clinging to a man as a creeper twines round a tree,bends his head down to hers with the desire of kissing him and slightlymakes the sound of sut sut, embraces him, and looks lovingly towardshim, it is called an embrace like the "twining of a creeper."
clinging - aferrándose; engancharse, adherirse
twines - torzales; bramante
slightlymakes - hace poco
lovingly - con carino; amorosamente
towardshim - hacia él
(2). When a woman, having placed one of her feet on the foot of herlover, and the other on one of his thighs, passes one of her arms roundhis back, and the other on his shoulders, makes slightly the sounds ofsinging and cooing, and wishes, as it were, to climb up him in order tohave a kiss, it is called an embrace like the "climbing of a tree."
thighs - muslos; muslo, muslamen
roundhis - oundhis
ofsinging - de cantar
cooing - A arrullar; (coo) A arrullar
tohave - Tener
These two kinds of embrace take place when the lover is standing.
(3). When lovers lie on a bed, and embrace each other so closely thatthe arms and thighs of the one are encircled by the arms and thighs ofthe other, and are, as it were, rubbing up against them, this is calledan embrace like "the mixture of sesamum seed with rice."
closely - de cerca; cercanamente
thatthe - Qué
encircled - rodeado; rodear
calledan - Llaman
(4). When a man and a woman are very much in love with each other, andnot thinking of any pain or hurt, embrace each other as if they wereentering into each other's bodies, either while the woman is sitting onthe lap of the man or in front of him, or on a bed, then it is called anembrace like a "mixture of milk and water."
andnot - y no
wereentering - estaban entrando
onthe - en el
lap - vuelta; lamer
anembrace - Abrazo
These two kinds of embrace take place at the time of sexual union.
Babhravya has thus related to us the above eight kinds of embraces.
Suvarnanabha, moreover, gives us four ways of embracing simple membersof the body, which are:
membersof - miembros de
The embrace of the thighs.
The embrace of the jaghana, _i.e._, the part of the body from the naveldownwards to the thighs.
The embrace of the breasts.
breasts - senos; pecho, seno, teta, corazón, pechuga
The embrace of the forehead.
forehead - la frente; frente
(1). When one of two lovers presses forcibly one or both of the thighsof the other between his or her own, it is called the "embrace ofthighs."
thighsof - Muslos
ofthighs - e muslos
(2). When a man presses the jaghana or middle part of the woman's bodyagainst his own, and mounts upon her to practise, either scratching withthe nail or finger, or biting, or striking, or kissing, the hair of thewoman being loose and flowing, it is called the "embrace of thejaghana."
bodyagainst - cuerpo en contra
mounts - montajes; montar
thewoman - La mujer
loose - suelto; flojo
thejaghana - eljaghana
(3). When a man places his breast between the breasts of a woman, andpresses her with it, it is called the "embrace of the breasts."
breast - pecho, seno, teta, corazón, pechuga
andpresses - y prensas
(4). When either of the lovers touches the mouth, the eyes and theforehead of the other with his or her own, it is called the "embrace ofthe forehead."
Some say that even shampooing is a kind of embrace, because there is atouching of bodies in it. But Vatsyayana thinks that shampooing isperformed at a different time, and for a different purpose, and it isalso of a different character, it cannot be said to be included in theembrace.
shampooing - champú
atouching - tocando
isperformed - se realiza
isalso - También
theembrace - el abrazo
There are also some verses on the subject as follows: "The whole subjectof embracing is of such a nature that men who ask questions about it, orwho hear about it, or who talk about it, acquire thereby a desire forenjoyment. Even those embraces that are not mentioned in the KamaShastra should be practised at the time of sexual enjoyment, if they arein any way conducive to the increase of love or passion.
subjectof - Sujeto de
orwho - o quién
acquire - obtener, adquirir
forenjoyment - Disfrutar
conducive - propicio; favorable
The rules ofthe Shastra apply so long as the passion of man is middling, but whenthe wheel of love is once set in motion, there is then no Shastra and noorder."
whenthe - cuándo
ON KISSING.
It is said by some that there is no fixed time or order between theembrace, the kiss, and the pressing or scratching with the nails orfingers, but that all these things should be done generally beforesexual union takes place, while striking and making the various soundsgenerally takes place at the time of the union. Vatsyayana, however,thinks that anything may take place at any time, for love does not carefor time or order.
orfingers - Dedos
beforesexual - antes-sexual
soundsgenerally - Suena en general
carefor - Cuidado
On the occasion of the first congress, kissing and the other thingsmentioned above should be done moderately, they should not be continuedfor a long time, and should be done alternately. On subsequentoccasions, however, the reverse of all this may take place, andmoderation will not be necessary, they may continue for a long time, andfor the purpose of kindling love, they may be all done at the same time.
thingsmentioned - Cosasmencionadas
moderately - moderadamente
continuedfor - continuó
alternately - alternativamente, por turno
subsequentoccasions - ocasiones posteriores
reverse - invertir; dar marcha atrás
andmoderation - y la moderación
andfor - y para
kindling - lena; astillas; (kindle) lena; astillas
The following are the places for kissing, viz., the forehead, the eyes,the cheeks, the throat, the bosom, the breasts, the lips, and theinterior of the mouth. Moreover, the people of the Lat country kiss alsoon the following places, viz., the joints of the thighs, the arms, andthe navel.
cheeks - mejilla, cacha, cachete, nalga, glúteo, descoco
theinterior - el interior
alsoon - también
joints - juntas; en común, comunitario, en conjunto, articulación
navel - obligo; ombligo
But Vatsyayana thinks that though kissing is practised bythese people in the above places on account of the intensity of theirlove, and the customs of their country, it is not fit to be practised byall.
bythese - Por estos
intensity - intensidad
theirlove - Su amor
Now in a case of a young girl there are three sort of kisses, viz.:
The nominal kiss. The throbbing kiss. The touching kiss.
nominal - nominal
throbbing - palpitaciones; (throb); palpitar
(1). When a girl only touches the mouth of her lover with her own, butdoes not herself do anything, it is called the "nominal kiss."
butdoes - pero lo hace
(2). When a girl, setting aside her bashfulness a little, wishes totouch the lip that is pressed into her mouth, and with that objectmoves her lower lip, but not the upper one, it is called the "throbbingkiss."
aside - aparte, a un lado, aparte
totouch - Touch
objectmoves - se mueve el objeto
throbbingkiss - Beso palpitante
(3). When a girl touches her lover's lip with her tongue, and havingshut her eyes, places her hands on those of her lover, it is called the"touching kiss."
Other authors describe four other kinds of kisses, viz.:
The straight kiss. The bent kiss. The turned kiss. The pressed kiss.
(1). When the lips of two lovers are brought into direct contact witheach other, it is called a "straight kiss."
(2). When the heads of two lovers are bent towards each other, and whenso bent kissing takes place, it is called a "bent kiss."
whenso - cuándo
(3). When one of them turns up the face of the other by holding the headand chin, and then kissing, it is called a "turned kiss."
headand - cabeza
chin - barbilla, mentón
(4). Lastly, when the lower lip is pressed with much force, it is calleda "pressed kiss."
There is also a fifth kind of kiss called the "greatly pressed kiss,"which is effected by taking hold of the lower lip between two fingers,and then after touching it with the tongue, pressing it with great forcewith the lip.
greatly - en gran medida; grandemente, enormemente, sobremanera
taking hold - afianzar(se)
forcewith - con fuerza
As regards kissing, a wager may be laid as to which will get hold of thelips of the other first. If the woman loses, she should pretend to cry,should keep her lover off by shaking her hands, and turn away from himand dispute with him, saying "let another wager be laid." If she losesthis a second time, she should appear doubly distressed, and when herlover is off his guard or asleep, she should get hold of his lower lip,and hold it in her teeth, so that it should not slip away, and then sheshould laugh, make a loud noise, deride him, dance about, and saywhatever she likes in a joking way, moving her eyebrows, and rolling hereyes.
regards - saludos; considerar
wager - apostar; apuesta
thelips - lips
himand - Éland
dispute - disputa, contencioso
doubly - doblemente
distressed - angustiado; aflicción, angustia, desasosiego, ansiedad
slip - resbalón; resbalar
deride - burlarse; ridiculizar
saywhatever - lo que sea
eyebrows - cejas; ceja
hereyes - Sí
Such are the wagers and quarrels as far as kissing is concerned,but the same may be applied with regard to the pressing or scratchingwith the nails and fingers, biting and striking. All these, however, areonly peculiar to men and women of intense passion.
wagers - apuestas; apuesta
concerned - preocupado; preocupación, referirse a, ataner, concernir, tocar
scratchingwith - Rascarse con
areonly - Sólo
When a man kisses the upper lip of a woman, while she in return kisseshis lower lip, it is called the "kiss of the upper lip."
kisseshis - Besos
When one of them takes both the lips of the other between his or herown, it is called "a clasping kiss." A woman, however, only takes thiskind of kiss from a man who has no moustache. And on the occasion ofthis kiss, if one of them touches the teeth, the tongue, and the palateof the other, with his or her tongue, it is called the "fighting of thetongue.
herown - Propiedad
clasping - Chocando; (clasp); broche, manija, corchete, hebilla, agarrar
thiskind - Esta clase
moustache - bigote, mostacho
palateof - Paladar de
thetongue - la lengua
In the same way, the pressing of the teeth of the one againstthe mouth of the other is to be practised.
againstthe - Contra el
Kissing is of four kinds, viz., moderate, contracted, pressed, and soft,according to the different parts of the body which are kissed, fordifferent kinds of kisses are appropriate for different parts of thebody.
contracted - contratado; contraer
fordifferent - diferente
thebody - El cuerpo
When a woman looks at the face of her lover while he is asleep, andkisses it to show her intention or desire, it is called a "kiss thatkindles love."
andkisses - y besos
thatkindles - que enciende
When a woman kisses her lover while he is engaged in business, or whilehe is quarrelling with her, or while he is looking at something else, sothat his mind may be turned away, it is called a "kiss that turns away."
whilehe - Mientras
quarrelling - Discutiendo; (quarrel) Discutiendo
sothat - Eso
When a lover coming home late at night kisses his beloved, who is asleepor in bed, in order to show her his desire, it is called a "kiss thatawakens." On such an occasion the woman may pretend to be asleep at thetime of her lover's arrival, so that she may know his intention andobtain respect from him.
beloved - querida; amado, querido, bienamado
thatawakens - que despierta
thetime - La hora
andobtain - obtener
When a person kisses the reflection of the person he loves in a mirror,in water, or on a wall, it is called a "kiss showing the intention."
reflection - reflexión, reflejo
When a person kisses a child sitting on his lap, or a picture, or animage, or figure, in the presence of the person beloved by him, it iscalled a "transferred kiss."
presence - presencia
transferred - transferido; transferir, trasladar, calcar, imprimir
When at night at a theatre, or in an assembly of caste men, a man comingup to a woman kisses a finger of her hand if she be standing, or a toeof her foot if she be sitting, or when a woman is shampooing her lover'sbody, places her face on his thigh (as if she was sleepy) so as toinflame his passion, and kisses his thigh or great toe, it is called a"demonstrative kiss."
comingup - que viene
toeof - a
sbody - body
thigh - muslo, muslamen
sleepy - tienes sueno; sueno, cansado, adormecido, sonoliento
toinflame - inflamar
demonstrative - demostrativo
There is also a verse on the subject as follows:--
"Whatever things may be done by one of the lovers to the other, the sameshould be returned by the other, _i.e._, if the woman kisses him he shouldkiss her in return, if she strikes him he should also strike her inreturn."
sameshould - debería
shouldkiss - Besar
strikes - huelgas; tachar, borrar, golpear, pegar, acunar
inreturn - indevolución
ON PRESSING, OR MARKING, OR SCRATCHING WITH THE NAILS.
When love becomes intense, pressing with the nails or scratching thebody with them is practised, and it is done on the following occasions:On the first visit; at the time of setting out on a journey; on thereturn from a journey; at the time when an angry lover is reconciled;and lastly when the woman is intoxicated.
thereturn - dar la vuelta
reconciled - reconciliado; reconciliar, avenir
intoxicated - intoxicado; intoxicar, emborrachar
But pressing with the nails is not an usual thing except with those whoare intensely passionate, _i.e._, full of passion. It is employed togetherwith biting, by those to whom the practice is agreeable.
whoare - Quién es
intensely - intensamente
passionate - apasionado
togetherwith - con
Pressing with the nails is of the eight following kinds, according tothe forms of the marks which are produced, viz.:
1. Sounding.
2. half moon.
half moon - media luna
3. A circle.
4. A line.
5. A tiger's nail or claw.
tiger - tigre; tigresa
claw - garra
6. A peacock's foot.
7. The jump of a hare.
8. The leaf of a blue lotus.
The places that are to be pressed with the nails are as follows: the armpit, the throat, the breasts, the lips, the jaghana, or middle parts ofthe body, and the thighs. But Suvarnanabha is of opinion that when theimpetuosity of passion is excessive, then the places need not beconsidered.
armpit - la axila; axila, sobaco
theimpetuosity - impetuosidad
excessive - excesivo
beconsidered - se puede considerar
The qualities of good nails are that they should be bright, well set,clean, entire, convex, soft, and glossy in appearance. Nails are ofthree kinds according to their size, viz.:
convex - convexo
glossy - brillante, lustroso, reluciente
ofthree - De tres
Small. Middling. Large.
Large nails, which give grace to the hands, and attract the hearts ofwomen from their appearance, are possessed by the Bengalees.
grace - gracias, benedícite, gracia, donaire, merced
ofwomen - e las mujeres
possessed - Posees
Small nails, which can be used in various ways, and are to be appliedonly with the object of giving pleasure, are possessed by the people ofthe southern districts.
appliedonly - Sólo aplicado
districts - distritos; distrito, distrito
Middling nails, which contain the properties of both the above kinds,belong to the people of the Maharashtra.
Maharashtra - Maharashtra
(1). When a person presses the chin, the breasts, the lower lip, or thejaghana of another so softly that no scratch or mark is left, but onlythe hair on the body becomes erect from the touch of the nails, and thenails themselves make a sound, it is called a "sounding or pressing withthe nails."
softly - suavemente, inaudiblemente, silenciosamente
scratch - rascar, raspar, aranar, rasgunar, rayar, aranazo, rayadura
onlythe - Sólo el
erect - erecto, erguido
This pressing is used in the case of a young girl when her lovershampoos her, scratches her head, and wants to trouble or frighten her.
lovershampoos - overshampoos
scratches - rayaduras; rascar, raspar, aranar, rasgunar, rayar, aranazo
(2). The curved mark with the nails, which is impressed on the neck andthe breasts, is called the "half moon."
curved - curvado; curva, curvas, curvar, encorvar
impressed - impresionado; impresionar, impresión, impresión
(3). When the half moons are impressed opposite to each other, it iscalled a "circle." This mark with the nails is generally made on thenavel, the small cavities about the buttocks, and on the joints of thethigh.
opposite to - lo contrario de, opuesto a
thenavel - entoncesavel
cavities - cavidad, caries
buttocks - nalgas; nalga
thethigh - el muslo
(4). A mark in the form of a small line, and which can be made on anypart of the body, is called a "line."
anypart - alguna parte
(5). This same line, when it is curved, and made on the breast, iscalled a "tiger's nail."
(6). When a curved mark is made on the breast by means of the fivenails, it is called a "peacock's foot." This mark is made with theobject of being praised, for it requires a great deal of skill to makeit properly.
theobject - el objeto
makeit - Hacerlo
(7). When five marks with the nails are made close to one another nearthe nipple of the breast, it is called "the jump of a hare."
nearthe - cerca del
nipple - pezón
(8). A mark made on the breast or on the hips in the form of a leaf ofthe blue lotus, is called the "leaf of a blue lotus."
hips - caderas; cadera
When a person is going on a journey, and makes a mark on the thighs, oron the breast, it is called a "token of remembrance." On such anoccasion three or four lines are impressed close to one another with thenails.
token - sena, recuerdo, ficha, prenda, símbolo, simbólico, cosmético
remembrance - recuerdo, memoria, recordatorio, remembranza
anoccasion - una ocasión
Here ends the marking with the nails. Marks of other kinds than theabove may also be made with the nails, for the ancient authors say,that as there are innumerable degrees of skill among men (the practiceof this art being known to all), so there are innumerable ways of makingthese marks. And as pressing or marking with the nails is independent oflove, no one can say with certainty how many different kinds of markswith the nails do actually exist.
theabove - lo anterior
makingthese - Haciendo esto
markswith - Markwith
The reason of this is, Vatsyayanasays, that as variety is necessary in love, so love is to be produced bymeans of variety. It is on this account that courtezans, who are wellacquainted with various ways and means, become so desirable, for ifvariety is sought in all the arts and amusements, such as archery andothers, how much more should it be sought after in the present case.
courtezans - Cortezana
wellacquainted - Conocido
ifvariety - fvariedad
Archery - arquería, tiro con arco
andothers - y otros
The marks of the nails should not be made on married women, butparticular kinds of marks may be made on their private parts for theremembrance and increase of love.
butparticular - pero particular
private parts - partes privadas
theremembrance - heremembrance
There are also some verses on the subject, as follows:
"The love of a woman who sees the marks of nails on the private parts ofher body, even though they are old and almost worn out, becomes againfresh and new. If there be no marks of nails to remind a person of thepassages of love, then love is lessened in the same way as when no uniontakes place for a long time."
againfresh - Otra vez fresco
thepassages - los pasajes
lessened - isminuido; menoscabar, disminuir, reducir, aminorar
uniontakes - sindicalistas
Even when a stranger sees at a distance a young woman with the marks ofnails on her breast,[37] he is filled with love and respect for her.
ofnails - De unas
A man, also, who carries the marks of nails and teeth on some parts ofhis body, influences the mind of a woman, even though it be ever sofirm. In short, nothing tends to increase love so much as the effects ofmarking with the nails, and biting.
ofhis - De él
sofirm - suavizar
ofmarking - e la marca
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 37: From this it would appear that in ancient times thebreasts of women were not covered, and this is seen in the painting ofthe Ajunta and other caves, where we find that the breasts of even royalladies and others are exposed.]
thebreasts - los pechos
caves - cuevas; cueva, caverna
exposed - Exposiciones
ON BITING, AND THE MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED WITH REGARD TO WOMEN OFDIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
All the places that can be kissed, are also the places that can bebitten, except the upper lip, the interior of the mouth, and the eyes.
interior - interior, interior
The qualities of good teeth are as follows: They should be equal,possessed of a pleasing brightness, capable of being coloured, of properproportions, unbroken, and with sharp ends.
brightness - brillo
properproportions - proporciones adecuadas
unbroken - intacto
The defects of teeth on the other hand are, that they are blunt,protruding from the gums, rough, soft, large, and loosely set.
blunt - desafilado, despuntado
protruding - saliente; sobresalir, protruir
gums - encías; encía
loosely - a la ligera; vagamente
The following are the different kinds of biting, viz.:
The hidden bite. The swollen bite. The point. The line of points. The coral and the jewel. The line of jewels. The broken cloud. The biting of the boar.
swollen - inflamado; hinchar(se), inflar(se)
coral - coral
boar - jabalí; verraco
(1). The biting which is shown only by the excessive redness of the skinthat is bitten, is called the "hidden bite."
redness - enrojecimiento; rojez
skinthat - kinthat
(2). When the skin is pressed down on both sides, it is called the"swollen bite."
pressed down - Presionar
(3). When a small portion of the skin is bitten with two teeth only, itis called the "point."
(4). When such small portions of the skin are bitten with all the teeth,it is called the "line of points."
portions - porciones; porción
(5). The biting which is done by bringing together the teeth and thelips, is called the "coral and the jewel." The lip is the coral, and theteeth the jewel.
bringing together - reunir
theteeth - los dientes
(6). When biting is done with all the teeth, it is called the "line ofjewels."
ofjewels - e joyas
(7). The biting which consists of unequal risings in a circle, and whichcomes from the space between the teeth, is called the "broken cloud."This is impressed on the breasts.
risings - subidas; rebelión, levantamiento, alzamiento, ascensión, ascenso
whichcomes - qué viene
(8). The biting which consists of many broad rows of marks near to oneanother, and with red intervals, is called the "biting of a boar." Thisis impressed on the breasts and the shoulders; and these two last modesof biting are peculiar to persons of intense passion.
broad - amplio; ancho
rows - filas; hilera, fila
oneanother - Otra
intervals - intervalos; intervalo
modesof - modo
The lower lip is the place on which the "hidden bite," the "swollenbite," and the "point" are made; again the "swollen bite," and the"coral and the jewel" bite are done on the cheek. Kissing, pressing withthe nails, and biting are the ornaments of the left cheek, and when theword cheek is used it is to be understood as the left cheek.
swollenbite - Mordedura hinchada
cheek - mejilla, cacha, cachete, nalga, glúteo, descoco
theword - la palabra
Both the "line of points" and the "line of jewels" are to be impressedon the throat, the arm pit, and the joints of the thighs; but the "lineof points" alone is to be impressed on the forehead and the thighs.
impressedon - Impresionado
pit - hoyo, foso, fosa
lineof - en qué línea
The marking with the nails, and the biting of the following things,viz., an ornament of the forehead, an ear ornament, a bunch of flowers,a betel leaf, or a tamala leaf, which are worn by, or belong to thewoman that is beloved, are signs of the desire of enjoyment.
bunch - manojo, punado, (flowers) ramo, bonchote, racimo, grupo
Here end the different kinds of biting.
* * * * *
In the affairs of love a man should do such things as are agreeable tothe women of different countries.
affairs - asuntos; negocio, asunto, rollo, amorío, aventura
The women of the central countries (_i.e._, between the Ganges and theJumna) are noble in their character, not accustomed to disgracefulpractices, and dislike pressing the nails and biting.
Ganges - Ganges
theJumna - elJumna
noble - noble
accustomed - acostumbrado; acostumbrarse, habituar
disgracefulpractices - prácticas vergonzosas
The women of the Balhika country are gained over by striking.
The women of Avantika are fond of foul pleasures, and have not goodmanners.
foul - falta; asqueroso, fétido
goodmanners - buenos modales
The women of the Maharashtra are fond of practising the sixty-four arts,they utter low and harsh words, and like to be spoken to in the sameway, and have an impetuous desire of enjoyment.
utter - totalmente; absoluto, total
harsh - áspero, duro, severo, despotricar
impetuous - impulsivo, impetuoso, brutal, brusco
The women of Pataliputra (_i.e._, the modern Patna) are of the same natureas the women of the Maharashtra, but show their likings only in secret.
natureas - atureas
likings - Te gusta
The women of the Dravida country, though they are rubbed and pressedabout at the time of sexual enjoyment, have a slow fall of semen, thatis they are very slow in the act of coition.
rubbed - frotado; frotación, frotamiento, frote, frotar
thatis - Eso es
The women of Vanavasi are moderately passionate, they go through everykind of enjoyment, cover their bodies, and abuse those who utter low,mean and harsh words.
everykind - de todo tipo
abuse - Abuso
The women of Avanti hate kissing, marking with the nails, and biting,but they have a fondness for various kinds of sexual union.
The women of Malwa like embracing and kissing, but not wounding, andthey are gained over by striking.
wounding - Herir; (wound) Herir
andthey - y ellos
The women of Abhira, and those of the country about the Indus and fiverivers (_i.e._, the Punjab), are gained over by the Auparishtaka or mouthcongress.
Punjab - Punyab
mouthcongress - Bococongreso
The women of Aparatika are full of passion, and make slowly the sound"Sit."
The women of the Lat country have even more impetuous desire, and alsomake the sound "Sit."
alsomake - también
The women of the Stri Rajya, and of Koshola (Oude), are full ofimpetuous desire, their semen falls in large quantities, and they arefond of taking medicine to make it do so.
ofimpetuous - eimpetuoso
arefond - fond
The women of the Audhra country have tender bodies, they are fond ofenjoyment, and have a liking for voluptuous pleasures.
ofenjoyment - de disfrute
voluptuous - voluptuosa; voluptuoso, sensual
The women of Ganda have tender bodies, and speak sweetly.
sweetly - dulcemente, abemoladamente
Among the things mentioned above, viz., embracing, kissing, etc., thosewhich increase passion should be done first, and those which are onlyfor amusement or variety should be done afterwards.
thosewhich - cuáles
onlyfor - sólo para
There are also some verses on this subject as follows:
"When a man bites a woman forcibly, she should angrily do the same tohim with double force. Thus a 'point'should be returned with a 'line ofpoints,'and a 'line of points'with a 'broken cloud,'and if she beexcessively chafed, she should at once begin a love quarrel with him. Atsuch a time she should take hold of her lover by the hair, and bend hishead down, and kiss his lower lip, and then, being intoxicated withlove, she should shut her eyes and bite him in various places.
angrily - enfadado; furiosamente, con ira
ofpoints - e puntos
beexcessively - excesivamente
chafed - raspado; calor friccional, escocimiento, irritación, cocedura
quarrel - discutir; pelea, rina
hishead - cabeza
withlove - con amor
Even byday, and in a place of public resort, when her lover shows her any markthat she may have inflicted on his body, she should smile at the sightof it, and turning her face as if she were going to chide him, sheshould show him with an angry look the marks on her own body that havebeen made by him. Thus if men and women act according to each other'sliking, their love for each other will not be lessened even in onehundred years."
byday - yday
inflicted - nfligido; infligir
sightof - a la vista
chide - reprender
havebeen - Han estado
sliking - deslizamiento
onehundred - Cien
OF THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF LYING DOWN, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF CONGRESS.
On the occasion of a "high congress" the Mrigi (Deer) woman should liedown in such a way as to widen her yoni, while in a "low congress" theHastini (Elephant) woman should lie down so as to contract hers. But inan "equal congress" they should lie down in the natural position.
theHastini - ElHastini
contract - contrato; contraer
Whatis said above concerning the Mrigi and the Hastini applies also to theVadawa (Mare) woman. In a "low congress" the women should particularlymake use of medicine, to cause her desires to be satisfied quickly.
theVadawa - laVadawa
particularlymake - en particular
The Deer-woman has the following three ways of lying down.
The widely opened position. The yawning position. The position of the wife of Indra.
widely - comúnmente, generalmente, frecuentemente, extensamente
yawning - Bostezando; (yawn); bostezar, abrirse, bostezo
(1). When she lowers her head and raises her middle parts, it is calledthe "widely opened position." At such a time the man should apply someunguent, so as to make the entrance easy.
lowers - bajos; oscurecerse, encapotarse
calledthe - Llamado el
someunguent - unguento
(2). When she raises her thighs and keeps them wide apart and engages incongress, it is called the "yawning position."
Engages - compromete; atraer, trabar conversación con, trabar batalla
incongress - congreso
(3). When she places her thighs with her legs doubled on them upon hersides, and thus engages in congress, it is called the position ofIndrani, and this is learnt only by practice. The position is alsouseful in the case of the "highest congress."
ofIndrani - eIndrani
alsouseful - lsouseful
The "clasping position" is used in "low congress," and in the "lowestcongress," together with the "pressing position," the "twiningposition", and the "mare's position."
lowestcongress - el congreso más bajo
twiningposition - Posición de giro
When the legs of both the male and the female are stretched straightout over each other, it is called the "clasping position." It is of twokinds, the side position and the supine position, according to the wayin which they lie down. In the side position the male should invariablylie on his left side, and cause the woman to lie on her right side, andthis rule is to be observed in lying down with all kinds of women.
stretched - estirado; estirar, estirarse, dar, extenderse, estirón
straightout - Sin rodeos
twokinds - dos tipos
supine - en posición supina; supino
invariablylie - nvariablementelie
andthis - y esto
When, after congress has begun in the clasping position, the womanpresses her lover with her thighs, it is called the "pressing position."
womanpresses - prensas para mujeres
When the woman places one of her thighs across the thigh of her lover,it is called the "twining position."
When a woman forcibly holds in her yoni the lingam after it is in, it iscalled the "mare's position." This is learnt by practice only, and ischiefly found among the women of the Andra country.
The above are the different ways of lying down, mentioned by Babhravya;Suvarnanabha, however, gives the following in addition.
When the female raises both of her thighs straight up, it is called the"rising position."
When she raises both of her legs, and places them on her lover'sshoulders, it is called the "yawning position."
sshoulders - hombros
When the legs are contracted, and thus held by the lover before hisbosom, it is called the "pressed position."
When only one of her legs is stretched out, it is called the "halfpressed position."
halfpressed - medio prensado
When the woman places one of her legs on her lover's shoulder, andstretches the other out, and then places the latter on his shoulder, andstretches out the other, and continues to do so alternately, it iscalled the "splitting of a bamboo."
andstretches - Y se estira
splitting - División; (split); fisura, escisión, partir, dividir, escindir
bamboo - bambú
When one of her legs is placed on the head, and the other is stretchedout, it is called the "fixing of a nail." This is learnt by practiceonly.
stretchedout - Extendido
practiceonly - Sólo prácticas
When both the legs of the woman are contracted, and placed on herstomach, it is called the "crab's position."
herstomach - su estómago
Crab - cangrejo
When the thighs are raised and placed one upon the other, it is calledthe "packed position."
When the shanks are placed one upon the other, it is called the"lotus-like position."
shanks - jarretes; pincho
When a man, during congress, turns round, and enjoys the woman withoutleaving her, while she embraces him round the back all the time, it iscalled the "turning position," and is learnt only by practice.
withoutleaving - sin salir
Thus says Suvarnanabha, these different ways of lying down, sitting, andstanding should be practised in water, because it is easy to do sotherein. But Vatsyayana is of opinion that congress in water isimproper, because it is prohibited by the religious law.
andstanding - y de pie
sotherein - En qué sentido
isimproper - es apropiado
When a man and a woman support themselves on each other's bodies, or ona wall, or pillar, and thus while standing engage in congress, it iscalled the "supported congress."
When a man supports himself against a wall, and the woman, sitting onhis hands joined together and held underneath her, throws her arms roundhis neck, and putting her thighs alongside his waist, moves herself byher feet, which are touching the wall against which the man is leaning,it is called the "suspended congress."
underneath - abajo, por debajo, bajos
alongside - al costado, al lado, junto a, al lado de
waist - cintura
byher - yher
leaning - Inclinado; (lean) Inclinado
suspended - suspendido; suspender
When a woman stands on her hands and feet like a quadruped, and herlover mounts her like a bull, it is called the "congress of a cow." Atthis time everything that is ordinarily done on the bosom should be doneon the back.
quadruped - cuadrúpedo, tetrápodo
doneon - Hecho
In the same way can be carried on the congress of a dog, the congress ofa goat, the congress of a deer, the forcible mounting of an ass, thecongress of a cat, the jump of a tiger, the pressing of an elephant, therubbing of a boar, and the mounting of a horse. And in all these casesthe characteristics of these different animals should be manifested byacting like them.
ofa - fa
goat - cabra, chivo, libidinoso, libidinosa
forcible - forzable, poderoso, potente, forzado, forzoso
mounting - Montaje; (mount) Montaje
ass - culo; asno, burro
thecongress - el congreso
therubbing - erubbing
casesthe - Casos
manifested - manifestado; manifiesto, evidente, declaración de carga
byacting - actuando
When a man enjoys two women at the same time, both of whom love himequally, it is called the "united congress."
himequally - imequally
When a man enjoys many women altogether, it is called the "congress of aherd of cows."
altogether - todos juntos; totalmente, completamente, en general, en suma
The following kinds of congress, viz., sporting in water, or thecongress of an elephant with many female elephants, which is said totake place only in the water, the congress of a collection of goats, thecongress of a collection of deer, take place in imitation of theseanimals.
totake - Tomar
goats - cabras; cabra, chivo, libidinoso, libidinosa
theseanimals - Estos animales
In Gramaneri many young men enjoy a woman that may be married to one ofthem, either one after the other, or at the same time. Thus one of themholds her, another enjoys her, a third uses her mouth, a fourth holdsher middle part, and in this way they go on enjoying her several partsalternately.
ofthem - e ellos
themholds - Mantenimientos
holdsher - Sostiene
partsalternately - Partes alternativas
The same things can be done when several men are sitting in company withone courtesan, or when one courtesan is alone with many men. In the sameway this can be done by the women of the King's harem when theyaccidentally get hold of a man.
withone - Con uno
theyaccidentally - accidentalmente
The people in the Southern countries have also a congress in the anus,that is called the "lower congress."
anus - ano; (Anu); ano
Thus ends the various kinds of congress. There are also two verses onthe subject as follows.
"An ingenious person should multiply the kinds of congress after thefashion of the different kinds of beasts and of birds. For thesedifferent kinds of congress, performed according to the usage of eachcountry, and the liking of each individual, generate love, friendship,and respect in the hearts of women."
multiply - multiplicar
thefashion - la moda
beasts - bestias; bestia, animal, salvaje
thesedifferent - son diferentes
usage - uso, usanza
eachcountry - Cada país
generate - generar, producir, procrear
OF THE VARIOUS MODES OF STRIKING, AND OF THE SOUNDS APPROPRIATE TO THEM.
modes - modos; modo
Sexual intercourse can be compared to a quarrel, on account of thecontrarieties of love and its tendency to dispute. The place of strikingwith passion is the body, and on the body the special places are:
thecontrarieties - contrariedades
tendency - tendencia
strikingwith - Golpeando
The shoulders. The head. The space between the breasts. The back. The jaghana, or middle part of the body. The sides.
Striking is of four kinds, viz.:
Striking with the back of the hand. Striking with the fingers a little contracted. Striking with the fist. Striking with the open palm of the hand.
fist - puno
palm - palma
On account of its causing pain, striking gives rise to the hissingsound, which is of various kinds, and to the eight kinds of crying,viz.:
hissingsound - Siseo
The sound Hin. The thundering sound. The cooing sound. The weeping sound. The sound Phut. The sound Phât. The sound Sût. The sound Plât.
Hin - hin
thundering - Trueno; (thunder); trueno, estruendo, fragor, tronar
weeping - Llorando; (weep) Llorando
Besides these, there are also words having a meaning, such as "mother,"and those that are expressive of prohibition, sufficiency, desire ofliberation, pain or praise, and to which may be added sounds like thoseof the dove, the cuckoo, the green pigeon, the parrot, the bee, thesparrow, the flamingo, the duck, and the quail, which are alloccasionally made use of.
expressive - expresivo
prohibition - prohibición
sufficiency - suficiencia
ofliberation - e la liberación
Praise - elogios; alabanza, loa, enaltecimiento, elogio, adoración
thoseof - De qué
dove - paloma; (dive) paloma
cuckoo - cuco, cuclillo
parrot - papagayo, loro, cotorra
thesparrow - el gorrión
flamingo - flamenco
Duck - pato; hundir, sumergir
alloccasionally - de vez en cuando
Blows with the fist should be given on the back of the woman, while sheis sitting on the lap of the man, and she should give blows in return,abusing the man as if she were angry, and making the cooing and theweeping sounds. While the woman is engaged in congress the space betweenthe breasts should be struck with the back of the hand, slowly at first,and then proportionately to the increasing excitement, until the end.
abusing - abusando; Abuso
theweeping - la llorona
betweenthe - entre los
struck - golpeado; tachar, borrar, golpear, pegar, acunar
proportionately - proporcionalmente
At this time the sounds Hin and others may be made, alternately oroptionally, according to habit. When the man, making the sound Phât,strikes the woman on the head, with the fingers of his hand a littlecontracted, it is called Prasritaka, which means striking with thefingers of the hand a little contracted. In this case the appropriatesounds are the cooing sound, the sound Phât, and the sound Phut in theinterior of the mouth, and at the end of congress the sighing andweeping sounds. The sound Phât is an imitation of the sound of a bamboobeing split, while the sound Phut is like the sound made by somethingfalling into water.
oroptionally - Opcionalmente
littlecontracted - poco contratado
thefingers - Los dedos
appropriatesounds - sonidos apropiados
sighing - suspiro; suspirar
andweeping - y llorando
bamboobeing - Bambú
split - fisura, escisión, partir, dividir, escindir, repartir
somethingfalling - cae algo
At all times when kissing and such like things arebegun, the woman should give a reply with a hissing sound. During theexcitement when the woman is not accustomed to striking, she continuallyutters words expressive of prohibition, sufficiently, or desire ofliberation, as well as the words "father," "mother," intermingled withthe sighing, weeping and thundering sounds.[38] Towards the conclusionof the congress, the breasts, the jaghana, and the sides of the womanshould be pressed with the open palms of the hand, with some force,until the end of it, and then sounds like those of the quail, or thegoose should be made.
arebegun - se han iniciado
theexcitement - la emoción
continuallyutters - continuamente
sufficiently - suficientemente
intermingled - entremezclados; entreverar, entremezclar
conclusionof - Conclusión
womanshould - Debería la mujer
palms - palmeras; palma
thegoose - la ganso
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The characteristics of manhood are said to consist of roughness andimpetuosity, while weakness, tenderness, sensibility, and an inclinationto turn away from unpleasant things are the distinguishing marks ofwomanhood. The excitement of passion, and peculiarities of habit maysometimes cause contrary results to appear, but these do not last long,and in the end the natural state is resumed."
roughness - rudeza; aspereza
andimpetuosity - y la impetuosidad
weakness - debilidad, flaqueza, punto débil, debilidad por, carino
tenderness - ternura
sensibility - sensibilidad
inclinationto - desea
distinguishing - distinguir
ofwomanhood - e la feminidad
peculiarities - particularidades; peculiaridad
maysometimes - a veces
resumed - se reanuda; reanudar
In the same way anything that is a local peculiarity should not alwaysbe adopted elsewhere, and even in the place where the practice isprevalent, excess of it should always be avoided. Instances of thedangerous use of them may be given as follows. The King of the Panchalaskilled the courtezan Madhavasena by means of the wedge during congress.
alwaysbe - siempre
adopted - adoptado; adoptar, ahijar
elsewhere - En otro sitio
isprevalent - es frecuente
excess - exceso, deducible, franquicia, excesivo
instances - instancias; caso, ejemplo, ocasión, instancia
thedangerous - peligroso
courtezan - Cortezana
wedge - cuna
ing Shatakarni Shatavahana of the Kuntalas deprived his great QueenMalayavati of her life by a pair of scissors, and Naradeva, whose handwas deformed, blinded a dancing girl by directing a piercing instrumentin a wrong way.
deprived - privado; desproveer, privar
scissors - tijeras; tijera, hacer la tijereta, hacer la tijera
handwas - manos
deformed - deformado; deformar
blinded - cegado; ciego, invidente, celosía, persiana, ciega, ciego, cegar
instrumentin - instrumentación
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"About these things there cannot be either enumeration or any definiterule. Congress having once commenced, passion alone gives birth to allthe acts of the parties."
definiterule - efiniterule
commenced - comenzado; comenzar, empezar, iniciar, principiar
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 38: Men who are well acquainted with the art of love are wellaware how often one woman differs from another in her sighs and soundsduring the time of congress. Some women like to be talked to in the mostloving way, others in the most abusive way, and so on.
wellaware - bienware
differs - difiere; ser distinto
sighs - suspirar
soundsduring - onidosdurante
mostloving - el más carinoso
abusive - abusivo
Some women enjoythemselves with closed eyes in silence, others make a great noise overit, and some almost faint away. The great art is to ascertain what givesthem the greatest pleasure, and what specialities they like best.]
enjoythemselves - Disfrutar
silence - silencio, silenciar, hacer callar
overit - Sobre eso
faint - desmayarse; débil, tenue
ascertain - averiguar, determinar, establecer, definir
givesthem - les das
specialities - especialidades; especialidad
ABOUT WOMEN ACTING THE PART OF A MAN; AND OF THE WORK OF A MAN.
When a woman sees that her lover is fatigued by constant congress,without having his desire satisfied, she should, with his permission,lay him down upon his back, and give him assistance by acting his part.She may also do this to satisfy the curiosity of her lover, or her owndesire of novelty.
fatigued - fatigado; fatiga, fatigar, acosar
owndesire - deseo propio
novelty - novedad
There are two ways of doing this, the first is when during congress sheturns round, and gets on the top of her lover, in such a manner as tocontinue the congress, without obstructing the pleasure of it; and theother is when she acts the man's part from the beginning. At such atime, with flowers in her hair hanging loose, and her smiles broken byhard breathings, she should press upon her lover's bosom with her ownbreasts, and lowering her head frequently, should do in return the sameactions which he used to do before, returning his blows and chaffinghim, should say, "I was laid down by you, and fatigued with hardcongress, I shall now therefore lay you down in return.
tocontinue - continuar
obstructing - obstruyendo; entorpecer, estorbar, atorar, obstruir
atime - tiempo
byhard - duro
breathings - respiraciones; respiración
ownbreasts - pechos propios
lowering - Bajando; (lower) Bajando
sameactions - mismas acciones
chaffinghim - Rechazarlo
hardcongress - congreso duro
She should thenagain manifest her own bashfulness, her fatigue, and her desire ofstopping the congress. In this way she should do the work of a man,which we shall presently relate.
thenagain - otra vez
manifest - manifiesto, evidente, declaración de carga, sobordo
fatigue - fatiga, fatigar, acosar
ofstopping - de parar
Whatever is done by a man for giving pleasure to a woman is called thework of a man, and is as follows:--
While the woman is lying on his bed, and is as it were abstracted by hisconversation, he should loosen the knot of her under garments, and whenshe begins to dispute with him, he should overwhelm her with kisses.Then when his lingam is erect he should touch her with his hands invarious places, and gently manipulate various parts of the body. If thewoman is bashful, and if it is the first time that they have cometogether, the man should place his hands between her thighs, which shewould probably keep close together, and if she is a very young girl, heshould first get his hands upon her breasts, which she would probablycover with her own hands, and under her armpits and on her neck.
abstracted - abstraído; resumen, extracto, abstracción, arte abstracto
hisconversation - Su conversación
loosen - aflojar, soltar
knot - nudo
whenshe - Cuándo
overwhelm - avasallar; agobiar, abrumar, checkagobiar
gently - suavemente; mansamente, suave
manipulate - manipular
bashful - tímido
cometogether - Juntos
shewould - lo haría
probablycover - Probablemente cubierto
Ifhowever she is a seasoned woman, he should do whatever is agreeableeither to him or to her, and whatever is fitting for the occasion. Afterthis he should take hold of her hair, and hold her chin in his fingersfor the purpose of kissing her. On this, if she is a young girl, shewill become bashful and close her eyes. Any how he should gather fromthe action of the woman what things would be pleasing to her duringcongress.
agreeableeither - Está de acuerdo
fingersfor - Dedos para
shewill - lo hará
duringcongress - durante el congreso
Here Suvarnanabha says that while a man is doing to the woman what helikes best during congress, he should always make a point of pressingthose parts of her body on which she turns her eyes.
helikes - Le gusta
pressingthose - Presionando esos
The signs of the enjoyment and satisfaction of the women are as follows:her body relaxes, she closes her eyes, she puts aside all bashfulness,and shows increased willingness to unite the two organs as closelytogether as possible. On the other hand, the signs of her want ofenjoyment and of failing to be satisfied are as follows: she shakes herhands, she does not let the man get up, feels dejected, bites the man,kicks him, and continues to go on moving after the man has finished.
organs - órganos; órgano, publicación oficial
closelytogether - untos
herhands - Manos
dejected - desanimado
Insuch cases the man should rub the yoni of the woman with his hand andfingers (as the elephant rubs anything with his trunk) before engagingin congress, until it is softened, and after that is done he shouldproceed to put his lingam into her.
andfingers - Y dedos
rubs - frotes; frotación, frotamiento, frote, frotar
trunk - tronco, baúl, trompa
engagingin - Comprometiéndose
softened - suavizado; ablandar, suavizar
shouldproceed - debería proceder
The acts to be done by the man are:
Moving forward. Friction or churning. Piercing. Rubbing. Pressing. Giving a blow. The blow of a boar. The blow of a bull. The sporting of a sparrow.
friction - fricción
churning - atido; (churn); batir, mantequera
sparrow - pasérido, gorrión, pájaro
(1). When the organs are brought together properly and directly it iscalled "moving the organ forward."
(2). When the lingam is held with the hand, and turned all round in theyoni, it is called "churning."
theyoni - Theoni
(3). When the yoni is lowered, and the upper part of it is struck withthe lingam, it is called "piercing."
lowered - bajado; oscurecerse, encapotarse
(4). When the same thing is done on the lower part of the yoni, it iscalled "rubbing."
lower part - la parte inferior
(5). When the yoni is pressed by the lingam for a long time, it iscalled "pressing."
(6). When the lingam is removed to some distance from the yoni, and thenforcibly strikes it, it is called "giving a blow."
thenforcibly - entonces forzosamente
(7). When only one part of the yoni is rubbed with the lingam, it iscalled the "blow of a boar."
(8). When both sides of the yoni are rubbed in this way, it is calledthe "blow of a bull."
(9). When the lingam is in the yoni, and moved up and down frequently,and without being taken out, it is called the "sporting of a sparrow."This takes place at the end of congress.
When a woman acts the part of a man, she has the following things to doin addition to the nine given above, viz.
doin - Haciendo
The pair of tongs. The top. The swing.
(1). When the woman holds the lingam in her yoni, draws it in, pressesit, and keeps it thus in her for a long time, it is called the "pair oftongs."
oftongs - ftongs
(2). When, while engaged in congress, she turns round like a wheel, itis called the "top." This is learnt by practice only.
(3). When, on such an occasion, the man lifts up the middle part of hisbody, and the woman turns round her middle part, it is called the"swing."
hisbody - Su cuerpo
When the woman is tired, she should place her forehead on that of herlover, and should thus take rest without disturbing the union of theorgans, and when the woman has rested herself the man should turn roundand begin the congress again.
disturbing - inquietante; perturbar, molestar
theorgans - los órganos
roundand - oundand
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:
"Though a woman is reserved, and keeps her feelings concealed, yet whenshe gets on the top of a man, she then shows all her love and desire. Aman should gather from the actions of the woman of what disposition sheis, and in what way she likes to be enjoyed. A woman during her monthlycourses, a woman who has been lately confined, and a fat woman shouldnot be made to act the part of a man."
reserved - reservado; reserva, reservar
concealed - ocultos; esconder, ocultar
gather from - Recoger de
monthlycourses - cursos mensuales
lately - últimamente
confined - confinado; confinar, encorsetar, confín, raya
shouldnot - No debería
OF THE AUPARISHTAKA[39] OR MOUTH CONGRESS.
There are two kinds of eunuchs, those that are disguised as males, andthose that are disguised as females. Eunuchs disguised as femalesimitate their dress, speech, gestures, tenderness, timidity, simplicity,softness and bashfulness. The acts that are done on the jaghana ormiddle parts of women, are done in the mouths of these eunuchs, and thisis called Auparishtaka.
eunuchs - eunucos; eunuco
disguised - disfrazado; disfraz, pantalla, tapadera, disfrazar
andthose - Y esos
femalesimitate - mujeresimitadas
gestures - gestos; gesto, ademán, detalle, atención
timidity - timidez
softness - suavidad, molicie
ormiddle - o medio
These eunuchs derive their imaginable pleasure,and their livelihood from this kind of congress, and they lead the lifeof courtezans. So much concerning eunuchs disguised as females.
imaginable - imaginable, concebible
lifeof - Vida de
Eunuchs disguised as males keep their desires secret, and when they wishto do anything they lead the life of shampooers. Under the pretence ofshampooing, an eunuch of this kind embraces and draws towards himselfthe thighs of the man whom he is shampooing, and after this he touchesthe joints of his thighs and his jaghana, or central portions of hisbody. Then, if he finds the lingam of the man erect, he presses it withhis hands, and chaffs him for getting into that state.
wishto - desea
ofshampooing - el champú
Eunuch - eunuco
himselfthe - el
touchesthe - tocarla
chaffs - rechazos; paja, barcia, exico, pienso
If after this,and after knowing his intention, the man does not tell the eunuch toproceed, then the latter does it of his own accord and begins thecongress. If however he is ordered by the man to do it, then he disputeswith him, and only consents at last with difficulty.
toproceed - Tener éxito
accord - acuerdo, convenio, acordar, conceder, conferir
disputeswith - Disputas
consents - consentimientos; consentir, consentimiento, venia, anuencia
The following eight things are then done by the eunuch one after theother, viz.
The nominal congress. Biting the sides. Pressing outside. Pressing inside. Kissing. Rubbing. Sucking a mangoe fruit. swallowing up.
swallowing up - tragar
At the end of each of these the eunuch expresses his wish to stop, butwhen one of them is finished, the man desires him to do another, andafter that is done, then the one that follows it, and so on.
butwhen - pero cuándo
andafter - y después
(1). When, holding the man's lingam with his hand, and placing itbetween his lips, the eunuch moves about his mouth, it is called the"nominal congress."
itbetween - entre
(2). When, covering the end of the lingam with his fingers collectedtogether like the bud of a plant or flower, the eunuch presses the sidesof it with his lips, using his teeth also, it is called "biting thesides."
collectedtogether - reunidos
bud - colega; brote
sidesof - Lado de
thesides - los laterales
(3). When, being desired to proceed, the eunuch presses the end of thelingam with his lips closed together, and kisses it as if he weredrawing it out, it is called the "outside pressing."
proceed - continuar, proceder
weredrawing - dibujar
(4). When, being asked to go on, he put the lingam further into hismouth, and presses it with his lips and then takes it out, it is calledthe "inside pressing."
hismouth - South
(5). When, holding the lingam in his hand, the eunuch kisses it as if hewere kissing the lower lip, it is called "kissing."
hewere - dónde
(6). When, after kissing it, he touches it with his tongue everywhere,and passes the tongue over the end of it, it is called "rubbing."
(7). When, in the same way, he puts the half of it into his mouth, andforcibly kisses and sucks it, this is called "sucking a mangoe fruit."
andforcibly - y por la fuerza
sucks - chupar, sorber, ser un asco, dar asco, apestar
(8). And lastly, when, with the consent of the man, the eunuch puts thewhole lingam into his mouth, and presses it to the very end, as if hewere going to swallow it up, it is called "swallowing up."
thewhole - Todo
swallowing - tragando; tragar, engullir
Striking, scratching, and other things may also be done during this kindof congress.
kindof - Algo así
The Auparishtaka is practised only by unchaste and wanton women, femaleattendants and serving maids, _i.e._, those who are not married toanybody, but who live by shampooing.
wanton - gracioso; indisciplinado, desenfadado, juguetón, lascivo
femaleattendants - asistentes femeninas
toanybody - a alguien
The Acharyas (_i.e._, ancient and venerable authors) are of opinion thatthis Auparishtaka is the work of a dog and not of a man, because it is alow practice, and opposed to the orders of the Holy Writ, and becausethe man himself suffers by bringing his lingam into contact with themouths of eunuchs and women. But Vatsyayana says that the orders of theHoly Writ do not affect those who resort to courtezans, and the lawprohibits the practice of the Auparishtaka with married women only.
venerable - venerable
thatthis - Esto
alow - Permitir
becausethe - Porque
themouths - los jóvenes
theHoly - El Santo
lawprohibits - la ley lo prohíbe
Asregards the injury to the male, that can be easily remedied.
remedied - emediado; remedio, recurso, remediar
The people of Eastern India do not resort to women who practise theAuparishtaka.
theAuparishtaka - El Auparishtaka
The people of Ahichhatra resort to such women, but do nothing with them,so far as the mouth is concerned.
The people of Saketa do with these women every kind of mouth congress,while the people of Nagara do not practise this, but do every otherthing.
otherthing - Otra cosa
The people of the Shurasena country, on the southern bank of the Jumna,do everything without any hesitation, for they say that women beingnaturally unclean, no one can be certain about their character, theirpurity, their conduct, their practices, their confidences, or theirspeech. They are not however on this account to be abandoned, becausereligious law, on the authority of which they are reckoned pure, laysdown that the udder of a cow is clean at the time of milking, though themouth of a cow, and also the mouth of her calf, are considered uncleanby the Hindoos. Again a dog is clean when he seizes a deer in hunting,though food touched by a dog is otherwise considered very unclean.
hesitation - hesitación, vacilación, dudas, titubeo
beingnaturally - ser natural
theirpurity - Su pureza
confidences - confianzas; certeza, certeza propia, certidumbre, confidencia
theirspeech - Su discurso
abandoned - abandonado; abandonar, dejar
becausereligious - porque es religioso
reckoned - contó; considerar
pure - pura; puro
udder - ubre
themouth - mouth
calf - ternero
uncleanby - impuro
seizes - se apodera; agarrar, apoderarse de, apresar, aferrar, tomar
Abird is clean when it causes a fruit to fall from a tree by pecking atit, though things eaten by crows and other birds are considered unclean.And the mouth of a woman is clean for kissing and such like things atthe time of sexual intercourse. Vatsyayana moreover thinks that in allthese things connected with love, everybody should act according to thecustom of his country, and his own inclination.
pecking - Picoteando; (pec) Picoteando
crows - cuervos; cuervo, grajo
thecustom - la costumbre
inclination - inclinación
There are also the following verses on the subject.
"The male servants of some men carry on the mouth congress with theirmasters. It is also practised by some citizens, who know each otherwell, among themselves. Some women of the harem, when they are amorous,do the acts of the mouth on the yonis of one another, and some men dothe same thing with women.
theirmasters - Sus amos
otherwell - Otrewell
amorous - amoroso, carinoso, enamorado
yonis - yonis; ioni
The way of doing this (_i.e._, of kissing theyoni) should be known from kissing the mouth. When a man and woman liedown in an inverted order, _i.e._, with the head of the one towards thefeet of the other and carry on this congress, it is called the "congressof a crow."
inverted - invertida; invertir
thefeet - los pies
crow - cuervo, grajo
For the sake of such things courtezans abandon men possessed of goodqualities, liberal and clever, and become attached to low persons, suchas slaves and elephant drivers. The Auparishtaka, or mouth congress,should never be done by a learned Brahman, by a minister that carries onthe business of a state, or by a man of good reputation, because thoughthe practice is allowed by the Shastras, there is no reason why itshould be carried on, and need only be practised in particular cases. Asfor instance, the taste, and the strength, and the digestive qualitiesof the flesh of dogs are mentioned in works on medicine, but it does nottherefore follow that it should be eaten by the wise. In the same waythere are some men, some places and some times, with respect to whichthese practices can be made use of. A man should therefore pay regard tothe place, to the time, and to the practice which is to be carried out,as also as to whether it is agreeable to his nature and to himself, andthen he may or may not practise these things according to circumstances.
goodqualities - Buenas cualidades
liberal - liberal, liberal, libertario, libertaria
suchas - Cómo
slaves - esclavos; esclavo, esclava, checkesclava
thoughthe - Pensó
Shastras - hastra
itshould - Debería
digestive - digestivo, digestivo
qualitiesof - ualidadesde
flesh - carne, pellejo, descarnar
nottherefore - no es así
waythere - Allí
whichthese - cuáles
andthen - y después
ut after all, these things being done secretly, and the mind of the manbeing fickle, how can it be known what any person will do at anyparticular time and for any particular purpose.
secretly - secretamente, en secreto
manbeing - Ser humano
fickle - veleidoso; inconstante, voluble
anyparticular - alguna en particular
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 39: This practice appears to have been prevalent in some partsof India from a very ancient time. The "Shushruta," a work on medicinesome two thousand years old, describes the wounding of the lingam withthe teeth as one of the causes of a disease treated upon in that work.Traces of the practice are found as far back as the eighth century, forvarious kinds of the Auparishtaka are represented in the sculptures ofmany Shaiva temples at Bhuvaneshwara, near Cuttack, in Orissa, and whichwere built about that period.
prevalent - dominante, mayoritario, prevalente, predominante
partsof - Partes de
medicinesome - Medicina
traces - rastros; rastro, huella, vestigio, indicio
forvarious - varios
ofmany - de muchos
temples - templos; templo
whichwere - cuáles
From these sculptures being found in suchplaces, it would seem that this practice was popular in that part of thecountry at that time. It does not seem to be so prevalent now inHindustan, its place perhaps is filled up by the practice of sodomy,introduced since the Mahomedan period.]
suchplaces - Tales lugares
thecountry - El país
inHindustan - nHindustán
sodomy - sodomía
OF THE WAY HOW TO BEGIN AND HOW TO END THE CONGRESS.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONGRESS AND LOVE QUARRELS.
In the pleasure-room, decorated with flowers, and fragrant withperfumes, attended by his friends and servants, the citizen shouldreceive the woman, who will come bathed and dressed, and will invite herto take refreshment and to drink freely. He should then seat her on hisleft side, and holding her hair, and touching also the end and knot ofher garment, he should gently embrace her with his right arm. Theyshould then carry on an amusing conversation on various subjects, andmay also talk suggestively of things which would be considered ascoarse, or not to be mentioned generally in society.
withperfumes - con perfumes
shouldreceive - debería recibir
refreshment - refresco; refrescamiento, refrigerio
hisleft - Su izquierda
garment - prenda, prenda de vestir
amusing - divertido; entretener, distraer, divertir
andmay - y puede
suggestively - Sugestivamente
They may then sing,either with or without gesticulations, and play on musical instruments,talk about the arts, and persuade each other to drink. At last when thewoman is overcome with love and desire, the citizen should dismiss thepeople that may be with him, giving them flowers, ointment, and betelleaves, and then when the two are left alone, they should proceed as hasbeen already described in the previous chapters.
gesticulations - gesticulaciones; gesticulación
dismiss - descartar; despedir; denegar; dejar salir
thepeople - la gente
ointment - pomada, ungüento
hasbeen - ha sido
Such is the beginning of sexual union. At the end of the congress, thelovers with modesty, and not looking at each other, should go separatelyto the washing-room. After this, sitting in their own places, theyshould eat some betel leaves, and the citizen should apply with his ownhand to the body of the woman some pure sandal wood ointment, orointment of some other kind. He should then embrace her with his leftarm, and with agreeable words should cause her to drink from a cup heldin his own hand, or he may give her water to drink. They can then eatsweetmeats, or anything else, according to their likings, and may drinkfresh juice,[40] soup, gruel, extracts of meat, sherbet, the juice ofmangoe fruits, the extract of the juice of the citron tree mixed withsugar, or anything that may be liked in different countries, and knownto be sweet, soft, and pure.
thelovers - los amantes
modesty - modestia, pudor
separatelyto - Por separado
ownhand - propia mano
sandal - sandalia
orointment - Organización
leftarm - Brazo izquierdo
heldin - retenida
eatsweetmeats - atsweetmeats
drinkfresh - rinkfresh
gruel - Gachas
extracts - extractos; extracto, fragmento, pasaje, extraer, sacar
sherbet - sorbete, polvo acidulado
ofmangoe - fmangoe
withsugar - con azúcar
knownto - Saberlo
The lovers may also sit on the terrace ofthe palace or house, and enjoy the moonlight, and carry on an agreeableconversation. At this time, too, while the woman lies in his lap, withher face towards the moon, the citizen should show her the differentplanets, the morning star, the polar star, and the seven Rishis, orGreat Bear.
terrace - terraza, terrado, bancal, azotea, terraplenar, aterrazar
agreeableconversation - una conversación agradable
withher - con ella
differentplanets - Diferentes planetas
morning star - lucero del alba
polar star - una estrella polar
orGreat - oGrande
This is the end of sexual union.
Congress is of the following kinds, viz.:
Loving congress. Congress of subsequent love. Congress of artificial love. Congress of transferred love. Congress like that of eunuchs. Deceitful congress. Congress of spontaneous love.
deceitful - enganoso; falso, deshonesto
spontaneous - espontáneo
(1). When a man and a woman, who have been in love with each other forsome time, come together with great difficulty, or when one of the tworeturns from a journey, or is reconciled after having been separated onaccount of a quarrel, then congress is called the "loving congress." Itis carried on according to the liking of the lovers, and as long as theychoose.
forsome - para algunos
tworeturns - dosvueltas
theychoose - Escogen
(2). When two persons come together, while their love for each other isstill in its infancy, their congress is called the "congress ofsubsequent love."
isstill - Aún
ofsubsequent - esubsiguiente
(3). When a man carries on the congress by exciting himself by means ofthe sixty-four ways, such as kissing, etc., etc., or when a man and awoman come together, though in reality they are both attached todifferent persons, their congress is then called "congress of artificiallove." At this time all the ways and means mentioned in the Kama Shastrashould be used.
carries on - continuar, seguir
awoman - woman
todifferent - Diferente
(4). When a man, from the beginning to the end of the congress, thoughhaving connection with the women, thinks all the time that he isenjoying another one whom he loves, it is called the "congress oftransferred love."
thoughhaving - unque.
isenjoying - disfruta
oftransferred - e transferidos
(5). Congress between a man and a female water carrier, or a femaleservant of a caste lower than his own, lasting only until the desire issatisfied, is called "congress like that of eunuchs." Here externaltouches, kisses, and manipulations are not to be employed.
carrier - transportista, companía de transportes, empresa de transportes
issatisfied - está satisfecho
externaltouches - toques externos
manipulations - manipulaciones; manipulación
(6). The congress between a courtezan and a rustic, and that betweencitizens and the women of villages, and bordering countries, is called,"deceitful congress."
rustic - rústico
betweencitizens - entre ciudadanos
(7). The congress that takes place between two persons who are attachedto one another, and which is done according to their own liking iscalled "spontaneous congress."
attachedto - a qué
Thus ends the kinds of congress.
We shall now speak of love quarrels.
A woman who is very much in love with a man cannot bear to hear the nameof her rival mentioned, or to have any conversation regarding her, or tobe addressed by her name through mistake. If such takes place, a greatquarrel arises, and the woman cries, becomes angry, tosses her hairabout, strikes her lover, falls from her bed or seat, and, casting asideher garlands and ornaments, throws herself down on the ground.
rival - rival
regarding - con respecto a; considerar
greatquarrel - Granquarrel
becomes angry - Enfadarse
tosses - lanzamientos; tiro, lanzamiento, lanzar una moneda al aire
hairabout - cabello
asideher - Aparte
At this time, the lover should attempt to reconcile her withconciliatory words, and should take her up carefully and place her onher bed. But she, not replying to his questions, and with increasedanger, should bend down his head by pulling his hair, and having kickedhim once, twice, or thrice on his arms, head, bosom or back, should thenproceed to the door of the room. Dattaka says that she should then sitangrily near the door and shed tears, but should not go out, because shewould be found fault with for going away.
attempt - intentar, tentativa, intento, ensayo
reconcile - reconciliar, avenir
withconciliatory - conciliar
onher - nher
increasedanger - incremento
bend down - agacharse
kickedhim - Pateado
thrice - tres veces; tres vez
thenproceed - proceder
sitangrily - Sentarse enfadado
shed tears - derramar lágrimas
fault - defecto, falla, culpa, falta
After a time, when she thinksthat the conciliatory words and actions of her lover have reached theirutmost, she should then embrace him, talking to him with harsh andreproachful words, but at the same time showing a loving desire forcongress.
thinksthat - eso crees
theirutmost - más
andreproachful - y los reproches
forcongress - para el congreso
When the woman is in her own house, and has quarrelled with her lover,she should go to him and show how angry she is, and leave him.Afterwards the citizen having sent the Vita,[41] the Vidushaka[41] orthe Pithamurda[41] to pacify her, she should accompany them back to thehouse, and spend the night with her lover.
quarrelled - discutieron; pelea, rina
orthe - o el
pacify - pacificar
accompany - acompanar; acompanar
thehouse - la casa
Thus end the love quarrels.
In conclusion.
A man, employing the sixty-four means mentioned by Babhravya, obtainshis object, and enjoys the woman of the first quality. Though he mayspeak well on other subjects, if he does not know the sixty-fourdivisions, no great respect is paid to him in the assembly of thelearned. A man, devoid of other knowledge, but well acquainted with thesixty-four divisions, becomes a leader in any society of men and women.
obtainshis - Obtenerlo
fourdivisions - cuatro divisiones
thelearned - lo aprendido
devoid - vacío, desprovisto
thesixty - los sesenta
hat man will not respect the sixty-four parts,[42] considering they arerespected by the learned, by the cunning, and by the courtezans. As thesixty-four parts are respected, are charming, and add to the talent ofwomen, they are called by the Acharyas dear to women. A man skilled inthe sixty-four parts is looked upon with love by his own wife, by thewives of others, and by courtezans.
arerespected - se respetan
cunning - astucia; astuto
charming - encantador; (charm); encantador
thewives - las esposas
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 40: The fresh juice of the cocoa nut tree, the date tree, andother kinds of palm trees are drunk in India. It will not keep freshvery long, but ferments rapidly, and is then distilled into liquor.]
date tree - Árbol de dátiles
freshvery - Fresco
ferments - fermentos; fermentar
rapidly - rápidamente
distilled - Destilar
liquor - jugo, licor
[Footnote 41: The characteristics of these three individuals have beengiven in Part I. page 31.]
beengiven - se le ha dado
[Footnote 42: A definition of the sixty-four parts, or divisions, isgiven in Chapter II., page 45.]
=END OF PART II.=
ABOUT THE ACQUISITION OF A WIFE.
ON MARRIAGE.
When a girl of the same caste, and a virgin, is married in accordancewith the precepts of Holy Writ, the results of such an union are: theacquisition of Dharma and Artha, offspring, affinity, increase offriends, and untarnished love. For this reason a man should fix hisaffections upon a girl who is of good family, whose parents are alive,and who is three years or more younger than himself. She should be bornof a highly respectable family, possessed of wealth, well connected, andwith many relations and friends.
accordancewith - De acuerdo
theacquisition - la adquisición
offspring - escendencia; vástago, descendiente, sucesor
offriends - Amigos
untarnished - Sin mancha
hisaffections - Sus efectos
respectable - respetable
andwith - y con
She should also be beautiful, of a gooddisposition, with lucky marks on her body, and with good hair, nails,teeth, ears, eyes, and breasts, neither more nor less than they ought tobe, and no one of them entirely wanting, and not troubled with a sicklybody. The man should, of course, also possess these qualities himself.But at all events, says Ghotakamukha, a girl who has been already joinedwith others (_i.e._, no longer a maiden) should never be loved, for itwould be reproachable to do such a thing.
gooddisposition - Buena disposición
sicklybody - Enfermo
joinedwith - unido a
maiden - doncella
itwould - lo haría
reproachable - reprochable
Now in order to bring about a marriage with such a girl as describedabove, the parents and relations of the man should exert themselves, asalso such friends on both sides as may be desired to assist in thematter.
describedabove - escrito anteriormente
exert - esforzar, ejercer, aplicar
thematter - Importa
These friends should bring to the notice of the girl's parents,the faults, both present and future, of all the other men that may wishto marry her, and should at the same time extol even to exaggerationall the excellencies, ancestral, and paternal, of their friend, so as toendear him to them, and particularly to those that may be liked by thegirl's mother. One of the friends should also disguise himself as anastrologer and declare the future good fortune and wealth of his friendby showing the existence of all the lucky omens[43] and signs,[44] thegood influence of planets, the auspicious entrance of the sun into asign of the Zodiac, propitious stars and fortunate marks on his body.Others again should rouse the jealousy of the girl's mother by tellingher that their friend has a chance of getting from some other quartereven a better girl than hers.
extol - exaltar; alabar, elogiar, loar, enaltecer
exaggerationall - exagerado
excellencies - excelencias; excelencia
ancestral - ancestral
paternal - paterno, paternal
thegirl - La chica
anastrologer - Anastrologo
declare - explicar, aclarar, declarar
friendby - Amigo
thegood - el bien
asign - asignar
Zodiac - zodíaco
Propitious - propicio; panish: t-needed
fortunate - afortunado, propicio, favorable, afortunada
rouse - revivir; despertar
jealousy - celo, celos, envidia
tellingher - Te lo digo
quartereven - uartereven
A girl should be taken as a wife, as also given in marriage, whenfortune, signs, omens, and the words[45] of others are favourable, for,says Ghotakamukha, a man should not marry at any time he likes. A girlwho is asleep, crying, or gone out of the house when sought in marriage,or who is betrothed to another, should not be married. The followingalso should be avoided:
whenfortune - cuándo desgracia
omens - presagios; presagio
betrothed - comprometida, comprometido; (betroth); prometer (en matrimonio)
followingalso - siguiendo también
One who is kept concealed. One who has an ill-sounding name. One who has her nose depressed. One who has her nostril turned up. One who is formed like a male. One who is bent down. One who has crooked thighs. One who has a projecting forehead. One who has a bald head.
depressed - deprimido; deprimir
nostril - narina, fosa nasal
crooked - Corrupto; (crook) Corrupto
bald head - Cabeza calva
One who does not like purity. One who has been polluted by another. One who is afflicted with the Gulma.[46] One who is disfigured in any way. One who has fully arrived at puberty. One who is a friend. One who is a younger sister. One who is a Varshakari.[47]
purity - pureza
Polluted - contaminado; contaminar
afflicted - fligido; afligir
disfigured - desfigurado; desfigurar
fully - totalmente; completamente, a fondo
puberty - pubertad
In the same way a girl who is called by the name of one of thetwenty-seven stars, or by the name of a tree, or of a river, isconsidered worthless, as also a girl whose name ends in "r" or "l." Butsome authors say that prosperity is gained only by marrying that girl towhom one becomes attached, and that therefore no other girl but the onewho is loved should be married by anyone.
thetwenty - losveinte
worthless - sin valor
towhom - a quién
onewho - quién
When a girl becomes marriageable her parents should dress her smartly,and should place her where she can be easily seen by all. Everyafternoon, having dressed her and decorated her in a becoming manner,they should send her with her female companions to sports, sacrifices,and marriage ceremonies, and thus show her to advantage in society,because she is a kind of merchandise.
smartly - Inteligentemente
merchandise - mercancía, mercadería
They should also receive with kindwords and signs of friendliness those of an auspicious appearance whomay come accompanied by their friends and relations for the purpose ofmarrying their daughter, and under some pretext or other having firstdressed her becomingly, should then present her to them. After this theyshould await the pleasure of fortune, and with this object shouldappoint a future day on which a determination could be come to withregard to their daughter's marriage. On this occasion when the personshave come, the parents of the girl should ask them to bathe and dine,and should say, "Everything will take place at the proper time," andshould not then comply with the request, but should settle the matterlater.
kindwords - indwords
friendliness - amabilidad; amigabilidad
ofmarrying - e casarse
firstdressed - primervestido
becomingly - con elegancia
shouldappoint - debería nombrar
determination - determinación, decisión, resolución, ahínco
withregard - Indiferente
dine - cenar
andshould - ?debería
comply - cumplir, acceder a, acatar
settle - nos conformamos; instalar, colocar
matterlater - más tarde
When a girl is thus acquired, either according to the custom of thecountry, or according to his own desire, the man should marry her inaccordance with the precepts of the Holy Writ, according to one of thefour kinds of marriage.
inaccordance - inacordancia
Thus ends marriage.
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:--
Amusement in society, such as completing verses begun by others,marriages, and auspicious ceremonies should be carried on neither withsuperiors, nor inferiors, but with our equals. That should be known as ahigh connection when a man, after marrying a girl, has to serve her andher relations afterwards like a servant, and such a connection iscensured by the good. On the other hand, that reproachable connection,where a man, together with his relations, lords it over his wife, iscalled a low connection by the wise.
withsuperiors - con los superiores
inferiors - inferiores; inferior
our equals - nuestros iguales
ahigh - Ah, sí
andher - y ella
iscensured - está censurado
lords - senores; castellano, senor
But when both the man and the womanafford mutual pleasure to each other, and when the relatives on bothsides pay respect to one another, such is called a connection in theproper sense of the word. Therefore a man should contract neither a highconnection by which he is obliged to bow down afterwards to his kinsmen,nor a low connection, which is universally reprehended by all.
bothsides - Ambos lados
theproper - elpropio
highconnection - alta conexión
obliged - obligado; obligar
universally - universalmente
reprehended - Reprender
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 43: The flight of a blue jay on a person's left side isconsidered a lucky omen when one starts on any business; the appearanceof a cat before anyone at such a time is looked on as a bad omen. Thereare many omens of the same kind.]
omen - presagio
appearanceof - apariencia de
[Footnote 44: Such as the throbbing of the right eye of men and the lefteye of women, etc.]
[Footnote 45: Before anything is begun it is a custom to go early in themorning to a neighbour's house, and overhear the first words that may bespoken in his family, and according as the words heard are of good orbad import, so draw an inference as to the success or failure of theundertaking.]
themorning - Manana
overhear - escuchar; oír por casualidad, oír sin querer
inference - inferencia, ilación
failure - fallo, fracaso, fiasco, fracasado, avería
theundertaking - la empresa
[Footnote 46: A disease consisting of any glandular enlargement in anypart of the body.]
glandular - glandular
enlargement - agrandamiento, ampliación
[Footnote 47: A woman, the palms of whose hands and the soles of whosefeet are always perspiring.]
soles - suelas; planta
whosefeet - De quién son los pies
perspiring - sudando; transpirar
OF CREATING CONFIDENCE IN THE GIRL.
For the first three days after marriage, the girl and her husband shouldsleep on the floor, abstain from sexual pleasures, and eat their foodwithout seasoning it either with alkali or salt. For the next seven daysthey should bathe amidst the sounds of auspicious musical instruments,should decorate themselves, dine together, and pay attention to theirrelations as well as to those who may have come to witness theirmarriage. This is applicable to persons of all castes. On the night ofthe tenth day the man should begin in a lonely place with soft words,and thus create confidence in the girl. Some authors say that for thepurpose of winning her over he should not speak to her for three days,but the followers of Babhravya are of opinion that if the man does notspeak with her for three days, the girl may be discouraged by seeing himspiritless like a pillar, and, becoming dejected, she may begin todespise him as an eunuch. Vatsyayana says that the man should begin towin her over, and to create confidence in her, but should abstain atfirst from sexual pleasures.
shouldsleep - debería dormir
abstain - abstenerse, retener
foodwithout - sin comida
Alkali - álcali
daysthey - Días
amidst - en medio de; en medio
theirrelations - Sus relaciones
witness - Testigo
theirmarriage - Su matrimonio
applicable - aplicable, pertinente
thepurpose - el propósito
discouraged - desanimado; descorazonar, acobardar, desalentar, persuadir
himspiritless - sin espíritu
towin - Twin
atfirst - primero
Women being of a tender nature, want tenderbeginnings, and when they are forcibly approached by men with whom theyare but slightly acquainted, they sometimes suddenly become haters ofsexual connection, and sometimes even haters of the male sex. The manshould therefore approach the girl according to her liking, and shouldmake use of those devices by which he may be able to establish himselfmore and more into her confidence. These devices are as follows:--
tenderbeginnings - los tiernos comienzos
approached - se acercó; acercarse, aproximarse
haters - odiadores; odiador, odiadora, detractor, detractora, envidioso
shouldmake - debería hacer
establish - establecer, instaurar, nombrar
himselfmore - más a sí mismo
He should embrace her first of all in a way she likes most, because itdoes not last for a long time.
itdoes - lo hace
He should embrace her with the upper part of his body because that iseasier and simpler. If the girl is grown up, or if the man has knownher for some time, he may embrace her by the light of a lamp, but if heis not well acquainted with her, or if she is a young girl, he shouldthen embrace her in darkness.
iseasier - es más fácil
knownher - Conocerla
shouldthen - debería
darkness - oscuridad, tinieblas
When the girl accepts the embrace, the man should put a "tambula" orscrew of betel nut and betel leaves in her mouth, and if she will nottake it, he should induce her to do so by conciliatory words,entreaties, oaths, and kneeling at her feet, for it is an universal rulethat however bashful or angry a woman may be, she never disregards a mankneeling at her feet. At the time of giving this "tambula" he shouldkiss her mouth softly and gracefully without making any sound. When sheis gained over in this respect he should then make her talk, and so thatshe may be induced to talk he should ask her questions about things ofwhich he knows or pretends to know nothing, and which can be answered ina few words. If she does not speak to him, he should not frighten her,but should ask her the same thing again and again in a conciliatorymanner. If she does not then speak he should urge her to give a reply,because as Ghotakamukha says, "all girls hear everything said to them bymen, but do not themselves sometimes say a single word." When she isthus importuned, the girl should give replies by shakes of the head, butif she quarrelled with the man she should not even do that. When she isasked by the man whether she wishes for him, and whether she likes him,she should remain silent for a long time, and when at last importuned toreply, should give him a favourable answer by a nod of the head.
orscrew - o atornillar
induce - inducir
entreaties - suplicas; petición, solicitud, plegaria
oaths - juramentos; juramento, jurar
rulethat - ulethat
disregards - descuidar, desatender, ignorar
mankneeling - Arrodillarse
gracefully - con elegancia; agraciadamente
thatshe - Ella
ofwhich - de qué
conciliatorymanner - manera conciliadora
urge - te urge; impulso, impulsar, urgir, aguijonear, apresurar
bymen - Por hombres
isthus - Esto
importuned - importunado; importunar, prostituirse
butif - pero si
isasked - se le pregunta
toreply - Responder
nod - asentir, cabecear, cabezada
If theman is previously acquainted with the girl he should converse with herby means of a female friend, who may be favourable to him, and in theconfidence of both, and carry on the conversation on both sides. On suchan occasion the girl should smile with her head bent down, and if thefemale friend say more on her part than she was desired to do, sheshould chide her and dispute with her. The female friend should say injest even what she is not desired to say by the girl, and add, "she saysso," on which the girl should say indistinctly and prettily, "O no! Idid not say so," and she should then smile and throw an occasionalglance towards the man.
herby - herbal
theconfidence - la confianza
suchan - talan
injest - ingerir
saysso - lo dice
indistinctly - indistintamente
prettily - bonito; bellamente, hermosamente, lindamente
occasionalglance - una mirada ocasional
If the girl is familiar with the man, she should place near him,without saying anything, the tambula, the ointment, or the garland thathe may have asked for, or she may tie them up in his upper garment.While she is engaged in this, the man should touch her young breasts inthe sounding way of pressing with the nails, and if she prevents himdoing this he should say to her, "I will not do it again if you willembrace me," and should in this way cause her to embrace him. While heis being embraced by her he should pass his hand repeatedly over andabout her body.
thathe - Él
himdoing - Qué está haciendo
embraced - abrazado; abrazar, abrazo
andabout - y por ahí
By and bye he should place her in his lap, and try moreand more to gain her consent, and if she will not yield to him he shouldfrighten her by saying, "I shall impress marks of my teeth and nails onyour lips and breasts, and then make similar marks on my own body, andshall tell my friends that you did them. What will you say then?" Inthis and other ways, as fear and confidence are created in the minds ofchildren, so should the man gain her over to his wishes.
moreand - Más
yield - ceder
shouldfrighten - debería asustar
impress - impresionar, impresión, impresión
onyour - Sobre ti
andshall - Y
ofchildren - e los ninos
On the second and third nights, after her confidence has increased stillmore, he should feel the whole of her body with his hands, and kiss herall over; he should also place his hands upon her thighs and shampoothem, and if he succeed in this he should then shampoo the joints of herthighs. If she tries to prevent him doing this he should say to her,"What harm is there in doing it?" and should persuade her to let him doit. After gaining this point he should touch her private parts, shouldloosen her girdle and the knot of her dress, and turning up her lowergarment should shampoo the joints of her naked thighs. Under variouspretences he should do all these things, but he should not at that timebegin actual congress.
stillmore - Aún más
shampoothem - champoothem
herthighs - Muslos
doit - Hacerlo
shouldloosen - debería aflojar
girdle - faja; cinto
lowergarment - prenda inferior
naked - desnudo
variouspretences - variaspretencias
timebegin - comienza el tiempo
actual - real, existente, verdadero, efectivo, actual
After this he should teach her the sixty-fourarts, should tell her how much he loves her, and describe to her thehopes which he formerly entertained regarding her. He should alsopromise to be faithful to her in future, and should dispel all her fearswith respect to rival women, and, at last, after having overcome herbashfulness, he should begin to enjoy her in a way so as not to frightenher. So much about creating confidence in the girl; and there are,moreover, some verses on the subject as follows:--
thehopes - las esperanzas
alsopromise - también promete
faithful - fieles; fiel, leal
dispel - disipar, dispersar
fearswith - con qué
herbashfulness - Hierbas
frightenher - Asustador
A man acting according to the inclinations of a girl should try and gainher over so that she may love him and place her confidence in him. Aman does not succeed either by implicitly following the inclination of agirl, or by wholly opposing her, and he should therefore adopt a middlecourse. He who knows how to make himself beloved by women, as well as toincrease their honour and create confidence in them, this man becomes anobject of their love. But he, who neglects a girl thinking she is toobashful, is despised by her as a beast ignorant of the working of thefemale mind.
inclinations - inclinaciones; inclinación
implicitly - implícitamente
opposing - Oposición
adopt - adoptar, ahijar
middlecourse - Curso medio
toincrease - aumentar
anobject - un objeto
neglects - descuidar, negligir, desoír, hacer caso omiso
beast - bestia, animal, salvaje
Moreover, a girl forcibly enjoyed by one who does notunderstand the hearts of girls becomes nervous, uneasy, and dejected,and suddenly begins to hate the man who has taken advantage of her; andthen, when her love is not understood or returned, she sinks intodespondency, and becomes either a hater of mankind altogether, or,hating her own man, she has recourse to other men.[48]
notunderstand - No lo entiendes
uneasy - inquieta; inquieto
intodespondency - incidencia
hater - odiador, odiadora, detractor, detractora, envidioso
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 48: These last few lines have been exemplified in many ways inmany novels of this century.]
exemplified - ejemplificado; ejemplificar
ON COURTSHIP, AND THE MANIFESTATION OF THE FEELINGS BY OUTWARD SIGNS ANDDEEDS.
manifestation - manifestación
A poor man possessed of good qualities, a man born of a low familypossessed of mediocre qualities, a neighbour possessed of wealth, andone under the control of his father, mother or brothers, should notmarry without endeavouring to gain over the girl from her childhood tolove and esteem them. Thus a boy separated from his parents, and livingin the house of his uncle, should try to gain over the daughter of hisuncle, or some other girl, even though she be previously betrothed toanother.
familypossessed - familiaposeída
mediocre - mediocre
andone - Y uno
notmarry - No casarse
endeavouring - se esfuerza; esforzarse
tolove - Amar
esteem - estima
livingin - vivir
hisuncle - Su tío
toanother - a otro
And this way of gaining over a girl, says Ghotakamukha, isunexceptional, because Dharma can be accomplished by means of it, aswell as by any other way of marriage.
isunexceptional - es excepcional
accomplished - cumplido; efectuar, realizar, lograr, completar
aswell - también
When a boy has thus begun to woo the girl he loves, he should spend histime with her and amuse her with various games and diversions fitted fortheir age and acquaintanceship, such as picking and collecting flowers,making garlands of flowers, playing the parts of members of a fictitiousfamily, cooking food, playing with dice, playing with cards, the game ofodd and even, the game of finding out the middle finger, the game of sixpebbles, and such other games as may be prevalent in the country, andagreeable to the disposition of the girl. In addition to this, he shouldcarry on various amusing games played by several persons together, suchas hide and seek, playing with seeds, hiding things in several smallheaps of wheat and looking for them, blind-man's buff, gymnasticexercises, and other games of the same sort, in company with the girl,her friends and female attendants.
woo - cortejar
amuse - entretener, distraer, divertir
fortheir - Para ellos
acquaintanceship - Conocimiento
fictitiousfamily - familia ficticia
middle finger - dedo corazón
sixpebbles - seispebbles
andagreeable - y de acuerdo
shouldcarry - debería llevar
seek - buscar
smallheaps - pequenos
wheat - trigo
blind - ciego, invidente, celosía, persiana, ciega, ciego, cegar
Buff - color de ante
gymnasticexercises - ejercicios gimnásticos
attendants - asistentes; asistente, guarda, concomitante, inherente
The man should also show greatkindness to any woman whom the girl thinks fit to be trusted, and shouldalso make new acquaintances, but above all he should attach to himselfby kindness and little services the daughter of the girl's nurse, forif she be gained over, even though she comes to know of his design, shedoes not cause any obstruction, but is sometimes even able to effect anunion between him and the girl. And though she knows the true characterof the man, she always talks of his many excellent qualities to theparents and relations of the girl, even though she may not be desired todo so by him.
greatkindness - gran bondad
shouldalso - también
acquaintances - conocidos; amistad, conocimiento, junta, relación
himselfby - por sí mismo
anunion - anunión
theparents - los padres
In this way the man should do whatever the girl takes most delight in,and he should get for her whatever she may have a desire to possess.Thus he should procure for her such playthings as may be hardly known toother girls. He may also show her a ball dyed with various colours, andother curiosities of the same sort; and should give her dolls made ofcloth, wood, buffalo-horn, ivory, wax, flour, or earth; also utensilsfor cooking food, and figures in wood, such as a man and woman standing,a pair of rams, or goats, or sheep; also temples made of earth, bamboo,or wood, dedicated to various goddesses; and cages for parrots, cuckoos,starlings, quails, cocks, and partridges; water-vessels of differentsorts and of elegant forms, machines for throwing water about, guitars,stands for putting images upon, stools, lac, red arsenic, yellowointment, vermilion and collyrium, as well as sandal-wood, saffron,betel nut and betel leaves.
delight - disfrutar; deleite, regocijo, delicia, placer
toother - Otro
dyed - tenido; tenir
curiosities - curiosidades; curiosidad
dolls - munecas; muneca
ofcloth - de tela
buffalo - búfalo, bisonte
horn - cuerno
ivory - marfil, ebúrneo
wax - cera
utensilsfor - utensilios para
dedicated - dedicado; dedicar, destinar, dedicarse, inaugurar
goddesses - diosas; diosa
cuckoos - cucos; cuco, cuclillo
vessels - vasos; embarcación, barco, casco, recipiente, receptáculo
differentsorts - diferentes tipos
elegant - elegante, chic
stools - heces; taburete
arsenic - arsénico, trióxido de arsénico
yellowointment - amarillismo
vermilion - vermellón; bermellón, bermejo
saffron - azafrán, azafranar
Such things should be given at differenttimes whenever he gets a good opportunity of meeting her, and some ofthem should be given in private, and some in public, according tocircumstances. In short, he should try in every way to make her lookupon him as one who would do for her everything that she wanted to bedone.
differenttimes - en diferentes momentos
tocircumstances - a las circunstancias
lookupon - Buscar
In the next place he should get her to meet him in some place privately,and should then tell her that the reason of his giving presents to herin secret was the fear that the parents of both of them might bedispleased, and then he may add that the things which he had given herhad been much desired by other people. When her love begins to showsigns of increasing he should relate to her agreeable stories if sheexpresses a wish to hear such narratives. Or if she takes delight inlegerdemain, he should amaze her by performing various tricks ofjugglery; or if she feels a great curiosity to see a performance of thevarious arts, he should show his own skill in them.
privately - en privado; privadamente
bedispleased - está disgustado
herhad - Tenía
showsigns - Signos
sheexpresses - expresa
amaze - pasmar, sorprender, asombrar
ofjugglery - e malabarismo
When she isdelighted with singing he should entertain her with music, and oncertain days, and at the time of going together to moonlight fairs andfestivals, and at the time of her return after being absent from home,he should present her with bouquets of flowers, and with chaplets forthe head, and with ear ornaments and rings, for these are the properoccasions on which such things should be presented.
isdelighted - está encantado
oncertain - Seguro
going together - Ir juntos
andfestivals - festivales
being absent - estar ausente
bouquets - ramilletes; ramo, ramita, buqué, aroma
rings - anillos; anillo
properoccasions - Ocasiones adecuadas
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:--
A man, who has seen and perceived the feelings of the girl towards him,and who has noticed the outward signs and movements by which thosefeelings are expressed, should do everything in his power to effect anunion with her. He should gain over a young girl by childlike sports, adamsel come of age by his skill in the arts, and a girl that loves himby having recourse to persons in whom she confides.
perceived - percibido; percibir, entender
thosefeelings - Esos sentimientos
childlike - infantil
himby - leby
confides - confía; confiar
ABOUT THINGS TO BE DONE ONLY BY THE MAN, AND THE ACQUISITION OF THE GIRLTHEREBY. ALSO WHAT IS TO BE DONE BY A GIRL TO GAIN OVER A MAN, ANDSUBJECT HIM TO HER.
Now when the girl begins to show her love by outward signs and motions,as described in the last chapter, the lover should try to gain her overentirely by various ways and means, such as the following:--
motions - mociones; movimiento, moción
overentirely - En exceso
When engaged with her in any game or sport he should intentionally holdher hand. He should practise upon her the various kinds of embraces,such as the touching embrace, and others already described in apreceeding chapter (Part II. Chapter 2). He should show her a pair ofhuman beings cut out of the leaf of a tree, and such like things, atintervals. When engaged in water sports, he should dive at a distancefrom her, and come up close to her. He should show an increased likingfor the new foliage of trees and such like things. He should describe toher the pangs he suffers on her account. He should relate to her thebeautiful dream that he has had with reference to other women.
apreceeding - Precedente
ofhuman - ehumano
atintervals - intervalos
dive - bucear; zambullirse, tirarse de cabeza
distancefrom - Distancia desde
likingfor - te gusta
pangs - angustias; punzada, dolor agudo
thebeautiful - hebeautiful
Atparties and assemblies of his caste he should sit near her, and touchher under some pretence or other, and having placed his foot upon her's,he should slowly touch each of her toes, and press the ends of thenails; if successful in this, he should get hold of her foot with hishand and repeat the same thing. He should also press a finger of herhand between his toes when she happens to be washing his feet; andwhenever he gives anything to her or takes anything from her, he shouldshow her by his manner and look how much he loves her.
assemblies - sambleas; ensamblaje, ensamblaje, montaje, asamblea, ensamblador
hishand - Su mano
herhand - La mano
andwhenever - ?cuándo
shouldshow - debería mostrar
He should sprinkle upon her the water brought for rinsing his mouth; andwhen alone with her in a lonely place, or in darkness, he should makelove to her, and tell her the true state of his mind without distressingher in any way.
sprinkle - salpicar, rociar, asperjar, espolvorear
rinsing - Enjuague; (rins) Enjuague
andwhen - y cuándo
distressingher - la angustia
Whenever he sits with her on the same seat or bed he should say to her,"I have something to tell you in private," and then, when she comes tohear it in a quiet place, he should express his love to her more bymanner and signs than by words. When he comes to know the state of herfeelings towards him he should pretend to be ill, and should make hercome to his house to speak to him. There he should intentionally holdher hand and place it on his eyes and forehead, and under the pretenceof preparing some medicine for him he should ask her to do work for hissake in the following words: "This work must be done by you, and bynobody else." When she wants to go away he should let her go, with anearnest request to come and see him again.
tohear - Oír
bymanner - ymanner
herfeelings - Sus sentimientos
hercome - Viene
pretenceof - Pretensión de
hissake - Por su bien
bynobody - por nadie
anearnest - unearnest
This device of illness shouldbe continued for three days and three nights. After this, when shebegins coming to see him frequently, he should carry on longconversations with her, for, says Ghotakamukha, "though a man loves agirl ever so much, he never succeeds in winning her without a great dealof talking." At last, when the man finds the girl completely gainedover, he may then begin to enjoy her. As for the saying that women growless timid than usual during the evening, and in darkness, and aredesirous of congress at those times, and do not oppose men then andshould only be enjoyed at these hours, it is a matter of talk only.
shebegins - empieza
longconversations - largas conversaciones
dealof - Trato hecho
growless - Increíble
timid - tímido
aredesirous - están deseosos
oppose - oponerse; oponer
When it is impossible for the man to carry on his endeavours alone, heshould, by means of the daughter of her nurse, or of a female friend inwhom she confides, cause the girl to be brought to him without makingknown to her his design, and he should then proceed with her in themanner above described. Or he should in the beginning send his ownfemale servant to live with the girl as her friend, and should then gainher over by her means.
endeavours - esfuerzos; esforzarse
inwhom - en quién
makingknown - Conociendo
ownfemale - wnfemale
At last, when he knows the state of her feelings by her outward mannerand conduct towards him at religious ceremonies, marriage ceremonies,fairs, festivals, theatres, public assemblies, and such like occasions,he should begin to enjoy her when she is alone, for Vatsyayana lays itdown, that women, when resorted to at proper times and in properplaces, do not turn away from their lovers.
mannerand - Manierand
properplaces - Propios lugares
When a girl, possessed of good qualities and well-bred, though born in ahumble family, or destitute of wealth, and not therefore desired by herequals, or an orphan girl, or one deprived of her parents, but observingthe rules of her family and caste, should wish to bring about her ownmarriage when she comes of age, such a girl should endeavour to gainover a strong and good looking young man, or a person whom she thinkswould marry her on account of the weakness of his mind, and even withoutthe consent of his parents. She should do this by such means as wouldendear her to the said person, as well as by frequently seeing andmeeting him.
bred - criado; (breed); criar, procrear, aparearse, cultivar
destitute - indigente
herequals - aquíquals
orphan - huérfano, huérfana
observingthe - Observando el
ownmarriage - Matrimonio propio
endeavour - esfuerzo; esforzarse
gainover - Ganancia
thinkswould - cree que lo haría
withoutthe - Sin el
wouldendear - Dendear
andmeeting - ?reunión
Her mother also should constantly cause them to meet bymeans of her female friends, and the daughter of her nurse. The girlherself should try to get alone with her beloved in some quiet place,and at odd times should give him flowers, betel nut, betel leaves andperfumes. She should also show her skill in the practice of the arts, inshampooing, in scratching and in pressing with the nails. She shouldalso talk to him on the subjects he likes best, and discuss with him theways and means of gaining over and winning the affections of a girl.
constantly - constantemente
female friends - amigas
andperfumes - perfumes
inshampooing - nshampooing
theways - Cómo
affections - fectos; afecto, carino, apego
But old authors say that although the girl loves the man ever so much,she should not offer herself, or make the first overtures, for a girlwho does this loses her dignity, and is liable to be scorned andrejected. But when the man shows his wish to enjoy her, she should befavourable to him and should show no change in her demeanour when heembraces her, and should receive all the manifestations of his love asif she were ignorant of the state of his mind. But when he tries to kissher she should oppose him; when he begs to be allowed to have sexualintercourse with her she should let him touch her private parts only andwith considerable difficulty; and though importuned by him, she shouldnot yield herself up to him as if of her own accord, but should resistshis attempts to have her.
overtures - ofertas; obertura
dignity - dignidad
liable - responsable
scorned - despreciado; despreciar, desdenar, menospreciar, rechazar
andrejected - y rechazado
befavourable - favorable
demeanour - conducta, comportamiento
heembraces - abrazaderas
kissher - Besador
begs - suplica; pedir
considerable - considerable
resistshis - Se resiste
attempts - intentos; intentar, tentativa, intento, ensayo
It is only, moreover, when she is certain thatshe is truly loved, and that her lover is indeed devoted to her, andwill not change his mind, that she should then give herself up to him,and persuade him to marry her quickly. After losing her virginity sheshould tell her confidential friends about it.
truly - de verdad; verdaderamente, realmente
devoted - Devoto
andwill - y lo hará
virginity - virginidad, doncellez
Here ends the efforts of a girl to gain over a man.
There are also some verses on the subject as follows: A girl who is muchsought after should marry the man that she likes, and whom she thinkswould be obedient to her, and capable of giving her pleasure. But whenfrom the desire of wealth a girl is married by her parents to a rich manwithout taking into consideration the character or looks of thebridegroom, or when given to a man who has several wives, she neverbecomes attached to the man, even though he be endowed with goodqualities, obedient to her will, active, strong, and healthy, andanxious to please her in every way.[49] A husband who is obedient butyet master of himself, though he be poor and not good looking, is betterthan one who is common to many women, even though he be handsome andattractive.
muchsought - muy buscado
obedient - obediente
whenfrom - de cuándo
thebridegroom - el novio
neverbecomes - nunca llega
andanxious - y ansioso
butyet - pero ya
Master - maestro; senor, dueno; senora, duena
handsome - apuesto, guapo, de buen parecer, lindo
andattractive - atractivo
The wives of rich men, where there are many wives, are notgenerally attached to their husbands, and are not confidential withthem, and even though they possess all the external enjoyments of life,still have recourse to other men. A man who is of a low mind, who hasfallen from his social position, and who is much given to travelling,does not deserve to be married; neither does one who has many wives andchildren, or one who is devoted to sport and gambling, and who comes tohis wife only when he likes. Of all the lovers of a girl he only is hertrue husband who possesses the qualities that are liked by her, and sucha husband only enjoys real superiority over her, because he is thehusband of love.
notgenerally - Generalmente no
withthem - Con ellos
enjoyments - disfruta; disfrute, gozo, regocijo, holganza
hasfallen - ha caído
andchildren - y los ninos
tohis - a esto
hertrue - Es cierto
possesses - Posees
superiority - superioridad
thehusband - elmarido
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 49: There is a good deal of truth in the last fewobservations. Woman is a monogamous animal, and loves but one, and likesto feel herself alone in the affections of one man, and cannot bearrivals. It may also be taken as a general rule that women either marriedto, or kept by, rich men love them for their wealth, but not forthemselves.]
fewobservations - pocas observaciones
monogamous - monógamo
likesto - Te gusta
bearrivals - Osos rivales
marriedto - Con quién
forthemselves - por sí mismos
ON CERTAIN FORMS OF MARRIAGE[50]
When a girl cannot meet her lover frequently in private, she should sendthe daughter of her nurse to him, it being understood that she hasconfidence in her, and had previously gained her over to her interests.On seeing the man, the daughter of the nurse should, in the course ofconversation, describe to him the noble birth, the good disposition, thebeauty, talent, skill, knowledge of human nature and affection of thegirl in such a way as not to let him suppose that she has been sent bythe girl, and should thus create affection for the girl in the heart ofthe man. To the girl also she should speak about the excellent qualitiesof the man, especially of those qualities which she knows are pleasingto the girl. She should, moreover, speak with disparagement of the otherlovers of the girl, and talk about the avarice and indiscretion of theirparents, and the fickleness of their relations. She should also quotesamples of many girls of ancient times, such as Sakuntala and others,who, having united themselves with lovers of their own caste and theirown choice, were ever happy afterwards in their society.
sendthe - enviar el
hasconfidence - tiene confianza
ofconversation - e conversación
thebeauty - la belleza
affection - afecto, carino, apego
pleasingto - Agradable
otherlovers - otros amantes
avarice - avaricia, codicia
indiscretion - indiscreción
theirparents - sus padres
fickleness - veleidad
quotesamples - citasmuestras
And she shouldalso tell of other girls who married into great families, and beingtroubled by rival wives, became wretched and miserable, and were finallyabandoned. She should further speak of the good fortune, the continualhappiness, the chastity, obedience, and affection of the man, and if thegirl gets amorous about him, she should endeavour to allay her shame[51]and her fear as well as her suspicions about any disaster that mightresult from the marriage. In a word, she should act the whole part of afemale messenger by telling the girl all about the man's affection forher, the places he frequented, and the endeavours he made to meet her,and by frequently repeating, "It will be all right if the man will takeyou away forcibly and unexpectedly."
beingtroubled - Problemas
miserable - miserable
finallyabandoned - finalmenteabandonado
continualhappiness - felicidad continua
allay - disipar; aquietar, calmar, aliviar, mitigar
suspicions - sospechas; sospecha, suspicacia
mightresult - podría resultar
frequented - recuentado; frecuente
takeyou - Te llevo
unexpectedly - inesperadamente, inopinadamente
_The Forms of Marriage._
When the girl is gained over, and acts openly with the man as his wife,he should cause fire to be brought from the house of a Brahman, andhaving spread the Kusha grass upon the ground, and offered an oblationto the fire he should marry her according to the precepts of thereligious law.
openly - abiertamente, sin tapujos, con luz y taquígrafos
offered - ofrecido; ofrecer
oblationto - Oblación
thereligious - tereligioso
After this he should inform his parents of the fact,because it is the opinion of ancient authors that a marriage solemnlycontracted in the presence of fire cannot afterwards be set aside.
inform - informar
solemnlycontracted - contrato solemne
After the consummation of the marriage, the relations of the man shouldgradually be made acquainted with the affair, and the relations of thegirl should also be apprised of it in such a way that they may consentto the marriage, and overlook the manner in which it was brought about,and when this is done they should afterwards be reconciled byaffectionate presents and favourable conduct.
shouldgradually - deberíagradualmente
affair - negocio, asunto, rollo, amorío, aventura
apprised - Aprender
consentto - Consentirlo
overlook - mirador, pasar por alto, otear
byaffectionate - afectuoso
In this manner the manshould marry the girl according to the Gandharva form of marriage.
When the girl cannot make up her mind, or will not express her readinessto marry, the man should obtain her in any one of the following ways:--
readinessto - Preparado
(1). On a fitting occasion, and under some excuse, he should by means ofa female friend with whom he is well acquainted, and whom he can trust,and who also is well known to the girl's family, get the girl broughtunexpectedly to his house, and he should then bring fire from the houseof a Brahman, and proceed as before described.
Excuse - disculpe; excusar, perdonar, panish: t-needed
trust - confiar; confianza, crédito, fiar, consorcio, trust
broughtunexpectedly - raído inesperadamente
houseof - casa de
(2.) When the marriage of the girl with some other person draws near,the man should disparage the future husband to the utmost in the mind ofthe mother of the girl, and then having got the girl to come with hermother's consent to a neighbouring house, he should bring fire from thehouse of a Brahman, and proceed as above.
disparage - despreciar; denigrar, menospreciar
utmost - extremo, descollante, extremado, sobresaliente, sumo, máximo
hermother - hermana
(3.) The man should become a great friend of the brother of the girl,the said brother being of the same age as himself, and addicted tocourtesans, and to intrigues with the wives of other people, and shouldgive him assistance in such matters, and also give him occasionalpresents. He should then tell him about his great love for his sister,as young men will sacrifice even their lives for the sake of those whomay be of the same age, habits, and dispositions as themselves.
addicted - adicto, viciado, causar adicción en, volver adicto, viciar
tocourtesans - tourtesanos
intrigues - intrigas; intriga, argumento, intrigar
shouldgive - debería dar
occasionalpresents - presentaciones ocasionales
sacrifice - sacrificar, sacrificio
dispositions - disposición; inclinación, temperamento, carácter
Afterthis the man should get the girl brought by means of her brother to somesecure place, and having brought fire from the house of a Brahman,should proceed as before.
somesecure - algo seguro
(4.) The man should on the occasion of festivals get the daughter of thenurse to give the girl some intoxicating substance, and then cause herto be brought to some secure place under the pretence of some business,and there having enjoyed her before she recovers from her intoxication,should bring fire from the house of a Brahman, and proceed as before.
thenurse - entonces
intoxicating - intoxicante; intoxicar, emborrachar
secure - seguro, resguardado, confiable, aplomado
recovers - se recupera; recuperarse
(5.) The man should, with the connivance of the daughter of the nurse,carry off the girl from her house while she is asleep, and then, havingenjoyed her before she recovers from her sleep, should bring fire fromthe house of a Brahman, and proceed as before.
carry off - conseguir
havingenjoyed - Disfrutando
(6.) When the girl goes to a garden, or to some village in theneighbourhood, the man should, with his friends, fall on her guards, andhaving killed them, or frightened them away, forcibly carry her off, andproceed as before.
theneighbourhood - el barrio
andproceed - y proceder
There are verses on the subject as follows:--In all the forms ofmarriage given in this chapter of this work, the one that precedes isbetter than the one that follows it, on account of its being more inaccordance with the commands of religion, and therefore it is only whenit is impossible to carry the former into practice that the lattershould be resorted to.
ofmarriage - e matrimonio
precedes - preceder, anteceder
isbetter - es mejor
commands - mandos; orden, mandato, mando, comando, dominio
whenit - Cuándo
lattershould - debería
As the fruit of all good marriages is love, theGandharva[52] form of marriage is respected, even though it is formedunder unfavourable circumstances, because it fulfils the object soughtfor. Another cause of the respect accorded to the Gandharva form ofmarriage is, that it brings forth happiness, causes less trouble in itsperformance than any other forms of marriage, and is above all theresult of previous love.
formedunder - Formunder
unfavourable - desfavorable, no favorable
fulfils - cumple; cumplir
soughtfor - se busca
accorded - oncedido; acuerdo, convenio, acordar, conceder, conferir
itsperformance - su rendimiento
theresult - el resultado
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 50: These forms of marriage differ from the four kinds ofmarriage mentioned in Chapter I., and are only to be made use of whenthe girl is gained over in the way mentioned in Chapters III. and IV.]
[Footnote 51: About this, see a story on the fatal effects of love atpage 114 of "Early Ideas; a Group of Hindoo Stories," collected andcollated by Anaryan. W. H. Allen and Co., London, 1881.]
fatal - fatal
atpage - página
andcollated - y coloreado
[Footnote 52: About the Gandharvavivaha form of marriage, see note topage 28 of Captain R. F. Burton's "Vickram and the Vampire; or Tales ofHindu Devilry." Longman, Green & Co., London, 1870. This form ofmatrimony was recognised by the ancient Hindus, and is frequent inbooks.
vampire - vampiro
tales - cuentos; historia, relato
ofHindu - eHindú
ofmatrimony - ematrimonio
recognised - Reconoces
Hindus - Hindúes; (Hindu); hindú, hindú, hinduista
frequent - frecuente
It is a kind of Scotch Wedding--ultra-Caledonian--taking place bymutual consent without any form or ceremony. The Gandharvas are heavenlyminstrels of Indra's court, who are supposed to be witnesses.]
Scotch - escocés; escoceses
bymutual - ymutual
heavenlyminstrels - los juglares celestiales
witnesses - testigos; testimonio, testigo, prueba, testificar, probar
=END OF PART III.=
ABOUT A WIFE.
ON THE MANNER OF LIVING OF A VIRTUOUS WOMAN, AND OF HER BEHAVIOUR DURINGTHE ABSENCE OF HER HUSBAND.
A virtuous woman, who has affection for her husband, should act inconformity with his wishes as if he were a divine being, and with hisconsent should take upon herself the whole care of his family. Sheshould keep the whole house well cleaned, and arrange flowers of variouskinds in different parts of it, and make the floor smooth and polishedso as to give the whole a neat and becoming appearance.
inconformity - inconformidad
divine - divino
hisconsent - Su consentimiento
polishedso - pulido también
neat - bien; pulcro, ordenado
She shouldsurround the house with a garden, and place ready in it all thematerials required for the morning, noon and even sacrifices. Moreovershe should herself revere the sanctuary of the Household Gods, for saysGonardiya, "nothing so much attracts the heart of a householder to hiswife as a careful observance of the things mentioned above."
shouldsurround - debe rodear
thematerials - los materiales
noon - mediodía
revere - venerar; reverenciar, idolatrar
sanctuary - santuario; sanctuario
saysGonardiya - iceGonardiya
hiswife - Su mujer
Towards the parents, relations, friends, sisters, and servants of herhusband she should behave as they deserve. In the garden she shouldplant beds of green vegetables, bunches of the sugar cane, and clumps ofthe fig tree, the mustard plant, the parsley plant, the fennel plant,and the xanthochymus pictorius. Clusters of various flowers, such as thetrapa bispinosa, the jasmine, the gasminum grandiflorum, the yellowamaranth, the wild jasmine, the tabernamontana coronaria, thenadyaworta, the china rose and others, should likewise be planted,together with the fragrant grass andropogon schænanthus, and thefragrant root of the plant andropogon miricatus.
herhusband - Su marido
shouldplant - Debería plantar
sugar cane - cana de azúcar
clumps - grumos; grumo, matorral, mechón, plop, amontonar, marchar
fig tree - higuera
parsley - perejil
fennel - hinojo
clusters - grupos; amontonamiento, agrupamiento, aglomeración, racimo
thetrapa - eltrapa
jasmine - jazmín, jazmín
yellowamaranth - amarillo
tabernamontana - abernamontana
thenadyaworta - entoncesadyaworta
likewise - similarmente, igualmente
thefragrant - elfragante
root - raíz
She should also haveseats and arbours made in the garden, in the middle of which a well,tank, or pool should be dug.
arbours - Enramada
tank - tanque, depósito
The wife should always avoid the company of female beggars, femalebuddish mendicants, unchaste and roguish women, female fortune tellersand witches. As regards meals she should always consider what herhusband likes and dislikes, and what things are good for him, and whatare injurious to him. When she hears the sounds of his footsteps cominghome she should at once get up, and be ready to do whatever he maycommand her, and either order her female servant to wash his feet, orwash them herself. When going anywhere with her husband, she should puton her ornaments, and without his consent she should not either give oraccept invitations, or attend marriages and sacrifices, or sit in thecompany of female friends, or visit the temples of the Gods.
femalebuddish - femenino
mendicants - mendicantes; mendicante, panish: t-needed
tellersand - Cajeros y
witches - brujas; bruja
whatare - Qué es
Footsteps - pasos; huella, paso
cominghome - vienes a casa
maycommand - Mandato de mayo
orwash - o lavar
puton - Putón
oraccept - o aceptar
thecompany - La empresa
And if shewants to engage in any kind of games or sports, she should not do itagainst his will. In the same way she should always sit down after him,and get up before him, and should never awaken him when he is asleep.The kitchen should be situated in a quiet and retired place, so as notto be accessible to strangers, and should always look clean.
shewants - quiere
itagainst - contra
awaken - despertar, despertarse
accessible - accesible, asequible, abordable
In the event of any misconduct on the part of her husband, she shouldnot blame him excessively though she be a little displeased. She shouldnot use abusive language towards him, but rebuke him with conciliatorywords, whether he be in the company of friends or alone.
misconduct - mala conducta
blame - culpar, responsabilizar, echar la culpa
excessively - excesivamente, demasiado, en demasía
abusive language - lenguaje abusivo
rebuke - reprender; reproche, reprensión, reprimenda, reprobación
conciliatorywords - palabras conciliadoras
Moreover, sheshould not be a scold, for says Gonardiya, "there is no cause of dislikeon the part of a husband so great as this characteristic in a wife."Lastly she should avoid bad expressions, sulky looks, speaking aside,standing in the doorway, and looking at passers-by, conversing in thepleasure groves, and remaining in a lonely place for a long time; andfinally she should always keep her body, her teeth, her hair, andeverything belonging to her tidy, sweet, and clean.
scold - reganar; reganar, retar, renir
characteristic - característico, característica
sulky - enfurrunado; mohíno
doorway - puerta; entrada
conversing - conversando; conversar, charlar
groves - arboledas; arboleda
andfinally - Y finalmente
andeverything - y todo
When the wife wants to approach her husband in private her dress shouldconsist of many ornaments, various kinds of flowers, and a clothdecorated with different colours, and some sweet-smelling ointments orunguents.
approach - enfoque; acercarse, aproximarse
shouldconsist - debe consistir
clothdecorated - vestidodecorado
orunguents - Orungentes
But her every-day dress should be composed of a thin,close-textured cloth, a few ornaments and flowers, and a little scent,not too much. She should also observe the fasts and vows of her husband,and when he tries to prevent her doing this, she should persuade him tolet her do it.
textured - con textura; textura, textura
scent - olor, esencia, olfato, fragancia, oler
observe - observar, seguir, tomar en cuenta
vows - votos; voto, manda, promesa
At appropriate times of the year, and when they happen to be cheap, sheshould buy earth, bamboos, firewood, skins, and iron pots, as also saltand oil. Fragrant substances, vessels made of the fruit of the plantwrightea antidysenterica, or oval leaved wrightea, medicines, and otherthings which are always wanted, should be obtained when required andkept in a secret place of the house.
bamboos - bambúes; bambú
firewood - lena; lena
plantwrightea - plantawrightea
oval - óvalo, oval, ovalado
otherthings - Otras cosas
andkept - y guardado
The seeds of the radish, thepotato, the common beet, the Indian wormwood, the mangoe, the cucumber,the egg plant, the kushmanda, the pumpkin gourd, the surana, thebignonia indica, the sandal wood, the premna spinosa, the garlic plant,the onion, and other vegetables, should be bought and sown at the properseasons.
radish - rábano
thepotato - la patata
beet - Remolacha
Indian - indio, hindú, indígena, indio, india
wormwood - artemisa; ajenjo, absintio, alosna, amargor, amargura
cucumber - pepino
pumpkin - calabaza, calabazera, auyama
gourd - calabaza, calabacino, bangana
thebignonia - labignonia
spinosa - Espinosa
garlic - ajo
sown - sembrado; sembrar
properseasons - temporadas propicias
The wife, moreover, should not tell to strangers the amount of herwealth, nor the secrets which her husband has confided to her. Sheshould surpass all the women of her own rank in life in her cleverness,her appearance, her knowledge of cookery, her pride, and her manner ofserving her husband. The expenditure of the year should be regulated bythe profits. The milk that remains after the meals should be turned intoghee or clarified butter. Oil and sugar should be prepared at home;spinning and weaving should also be done there; and a store of ropes andcords, and barks of trees for twisting into ropes should be kept. Sheshould also attend to the pounding and cleaning of rice, using its smallgrain and chaff in some way or other. She should pay the salaries of theservants, look after the tilling of the fields, and keeping of theflocks and herds, superintend the making of vehicles, and take care ofthe rams, cocks, quails, parrots, starlings, cuckoos, peacocks, monkeys,and deer; and finally adjust the income and expenditure of the day. Theworn-out clothes should be given to those servants who have done goodwork, in order to show them that their services have been appreciated,or they may be applied to some other use. The vessels in which wine isprepared, as well as those in which it is kept, should be carefullylooked after, and put away at the proper time. All sales and purchasesshould also be well attended to. The friends of her husband she shouldwelcome by presenting them with flowers, ointment, incense, betelleaves, and betel nut.
herwealth - Su patrimonio
confided - confiado; confiar
surpass - sobrepasar, superar, aventajar
cleverness - inteligencia, habilidad, listeza, agudeza
pride - orgullo, soberbia, cachondez, toriondez, verriondez, manada
ofserving - de servir
expenditure - gastos; gasto
regulated - regulado; regular
intoghee - Inghee
clarified - aclarado; clarificar, aclarar, esclarecer, poner en claro
weaving - tejer; tejido; (weave) tejer; tejido
andcords - Y los discos
twisting - Torciendo; (twist); torcer, sacar punta a, torcerse
smallgrain - pequeno grano
chaff - paja, barcia, exico, pienso
theservants - Los sirvientes
theflocks - losflocks
herds - ebanos; rebano, manada, piara
peacocks - pavos reales; pavo real, pavorreal
adjust - ajustar, arreglar, regular, adaptar
income - ingresos, renta
goodwork - buen trabajo
isprepared - está preparado
carefullylooked - mirado cuidadosamente
purchasesshould - debería comprar
shouldwelcome - debería ser bienvenido
incense - incienso, sahumerio, sahumo
Her father-in-law and mother-in law she shouldtreat as they deserve, always remaining dependant on their will, nevercontradicting them, speaking to them in few and not harsh words, notlaughing loudly in their presence, and acting with their friends andenemies as with her own. In addition to the above she should not bevain, or too much taken up with her enjoyments. She should be liberaltowards her servants, and reward them on holidays and festivals; and notgive away anything without first making it known to her husband.
shouldtreat - debe tratarse
dependant - dependiente
nevercontradicting - nunca contradictorio
notlaughing - No te ríes
andenemies - yenemigos
liberaltowards - Liberal
Reward - recompensa
notgive - No dar
Thus ends the manner of living of a virtuous woman.
During the absence of her husband on a journey the virtuous woman shouldwear only her auspicious ornaments, and observe the fasts in honour ofthe Gods. While anxious to hear the news of her husband, she shouldstill look after her household affairs. She should sleep near the elderwomen of the house, and make herself agreeable to them. She should lookafter and keep in repair the things that are liked by her husband, andcontinue the works that have been begun by him. To the abode of herrelations she should not go except on occasions of joy and sorrow, andthen she should go in her usual travelling dress, accompanied by herhusband's servants, and not remain there for a long time. The fasts andfeasts should be observed with the consent of the elders of the house.The resources should be increased by making purchases and salesaccording to the practice of the merchants, and by means of honestservants, superintended by herself. The income should be increased, andthe expenditure diminished as much as possible.
shouldwear - debería vestir
shouldstill - debería
elderwomen - mujeres mayores
lookafter - Mirar después
andcontinue - continuar
herrelations - Sus relaciones
joy - alegría, júbilo
sorrow - pena; tristeza, aflicción, infelicidad, pesar
andfeasts - fiestas
elders - ancianos; mayor
purchases - compras; compra, adquisición, comprar
salesaccording - según las ventas
honestservants - Servidores honrados
diminished - isminuido; disminuir, diminuir, disminuirse, diminuirse
And when her husbandreturns from his journey, she should receive him at first in herordinary clothes, so that he may know in what way she has lived duringhis absence, and should bring to him some presents, as also materialsfor the worship of the Deity.
husbandreturns - vuelve el marido
herordinary - Herordinario
duringhis - durante su
materialsfor - materiales para
Thus ends the part relating to the behaviour of a wife during theabsence of her husband on a journey.
theabsence - la ausencia
There are also some verses on the subject as follows.
"The wife, whether she be a woman of noble family, or a virgin widow[53]re-married, or a concubine, should lead a chaste life, devoted to herhusband, and doing every thing for his welfare. Women acting thus,acquire Dharma, Artha, and Kama, obtain a high position, and generallykeep their husbands devoted to them."
noble family - familia noble
concubine - concubina
chaste - casta; casto
welfare - bienestar, seguridad social
generallykeep - Generalmente
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 53: This probably refers to a girl married in her infancy, orwhen very young, and whose husband had died before she arrived at theage of puberty. Infant marriages are still the common custom of theHindoos.]
orwhen - o cuándo
infant - nino; nene, infante
ON THE CONDUCT OF THE ELDER WIFE TOWARDS THE OTHER WIVES OF HER HUSBAND,AND ON THAT OF A YOUNGER WIFE TOWARDS THE ELDER ONES. ALSO ON THECONDUCT OF A VIRGIN WIDOW RE-MARRIED; OF A WIFE DISLIKED BY HER HUSBAND;OF THE WOMEN IN THE KING'S HAREM; AND LASTLY ON THE CONDUCT OF A HUSBANDTOWARDS MANY WIVES.
The causes of re-marrying during the lifetime of the wife are asfollows:
lifetime - para toda la vida; vida, eternidad, toda la vida
asfollows - sfollows
(1). The folly or ill temper of the wife.
folly - una locura; capricho
temper - temperamento, temple, templar, temperar
(2). Her husband's dislike to her.
(3). The want of offspring.
(4). The continual birth of daughters.
(5). The incontinence of the husband.
incontinence - incontinencia
From the very beginning the wife should endeavour to attract the heartof her husband, by showing to him continually her devotion, her goodtemper, and her wisdom. If however she bears him no children, she shouldherself tell her husband to marry another woman.
heartof - Corazón
devotion - devoción, dedicación, fervor, veneración
goodtemper - Buen humor
wisdom - sabiduría
she bears - ella lleva
shouldherself - debería
And when the secondwife is married, and brought to the house, the first wife should giveher a position superior to her own, and look upon her as a sister. Inthe morning the elder wife should forcibly make the younger one decorateherself in the presence of their husband, and should not mind all thehusband's favour being given to her. If the younger wife does anythingto displease her husband the elder one should not neglect her, butshould always be ready to give her most careful advice, and should teachher to do various things in the presence of her husband. Her childrenshe should treat as her own, her attendants she should look upon withmore regard, even than on her own servants, her friends she shouldcherish with love and kindness, and her relations with great honour.
secondwife - Segunda esposa
giveher - Darher
decorateherself - decorarse
anythingto - algo
neglect - descuido; descuidar, negligir, desoír, hacer caso omiso
butshould - pero debería
most careful - el más cuidadoso
teachher - Ensenarle
childrenshe - Ninos
withmore - con más
shouldcherish - debería
kindness - amabilidad, bondad
When there are many other wives besides herself, the elder wife shouldassociate with the one who is immediately next to her in rank and age,and should instigate the wife who has recently enjoyed her husband'sfavour to quarrel with the present favourite. After this she shouldsympathize with the former, and having collected all the other wivestogether, should get them to denounce the favourite as a scheming andwicked woman, without however committing herself in any way.
shouldassociate - debería asociarse
shouldsympathize - debería simpatizar
wivestogether - vivir juntos
denounce - denunciar
scheming - Tramando; (scheme); régimen, proyecto, ardid, artimana
andwicked - wicked
If thefavourite wife happens to quarrel with the husband, then the elder wifeshould take her part and give her false encouragement, and thus causethe quarrel to be increased. If there be only a little quarrel betweenthe two, the elder wife should do all she can to work it up into a largequarrel. But if after all this she finds the husband still continues tolove his favourite wife she should then change her tactics, andendeavour to bring about a conciliation between them, so as to avoid herhusband's displeasure.
thefavourite - el favorito
wifeshould - la esposa debería
encouragement - aliento; apoyo
causethe - Causa
largequarrel - Grandequarrel
tactics - tácticas; táctica
conciliation - conciliación
displeasure - disgusto, desazón
Thus ends the conduct of the elder wife.
The younger wife should regard the elder wife of her husband as hermother, and should not give anything away, even to her own relations,without her knowledge. She should tell her everything about herself, andnot approach her husband without her permission. Whatever is told to herby the elder wife she should not reveal to others, and she should takecare of the children of the senior even more than of her own. When alonewith her husband she should serve him well, but should not tell him ofthe pain she suffers from the existence of a rival wife. She may alsoobtain secretly from her husband some marks of his particular regard forher, and may tell him that she lives only for him, and for the regardthat he has for her.
takecare - Cuidado
senior - superior; anciano, alto cargo, experimentado, senor
alonewith - Solo
alsoobtain - Obtener también
regardthat - Respecto a eso
She should never reveal her love for her husband,nor her husband's love for her to any person, either in pride or inanger, for a wife that reveals the secrets of her husband is despised byhim. As for seeking to obtain the regard of her husband, Gonardiya says,that it should always be done in private, for fear of the elder wife. Ifthe elder wife be disliked by her husband, or be childless, she shouldsympathize with her, and should ask her husband to do the same, butshould surpass her in leading the life of a chaste woman.
byhim - Por él
seeking - buscando; buscar
childless - sin hijos
Thus ends the conduct of the younger wife towards the elder.
A widow in poor circumstances, or of a weak nature, and who alliesherself again to a man, is called a widow re-married.
alliesherself - aliados
At the time of her marriage the widow should obtain from her husband themoney to pay the cost of drinking parties, and picnics with herrelations, and of giving them and her friends kindly gifts and presents;or she may do these things at her own cost if she likes. In the same wayshe may wear either her husband's ornaments or her own. As to thepresents of affection mutually exchanged between the husband and herselfthere is no fixed rule about them.
themoney - Dinero
wayshe - Cómo está
thepresents - los regalos
mutually - mutuamente
herselfthere - ella misma
If she leaves her husband aftermarriage of her own accord, she should restore to him whatever he mayhave given her, with the exception of the mutual presents. If howevershe is driven out of the house by her husband she should not returnanything to him.
aftermarriage - después del matrimonio
restore - restablecer, restaurar
howevershe - Cómo
driven out - marcharse; expulsar, echar algo/a alguien
returnanything - Devolver algo
After her marriage she should live in the house of her husband like oneof the chief members of the family, but should treat the other ladies ofthe family with kindness, the servants with generosity, and all thefriends of the house with familiarity and good temper. She should showthat she is better acquainted with the sixty-four arts than the otherladies of the house, and in any quarrels with her husband she should notrebuke him severely, but in private do everything that he wishes, andmake use of the sixty-four ways of enjoyment. She should be obliging tothe other wives of her husband, and to their children she should givepresents, behave as their mistress, and make ornaments and play thingsfor their use.
oneof - una de
generosity - generosidad
thefriends - los amigos
familiarity - intimidad, impertinencia, familiaridad
showthat - Qué
otherladies - Otras damas
severely - gravemente; severamente
andmake - y hacer
obliging - complaciente; obligar
givepresents - dar regalos
thingsfor - para qué
In the friends and servants of her husband she shouldconfide more than in his other wives, and finally she should have aliking for drinking parties, going to picnics, attending fairs andfestivals, and for carrying out all kinds of games and amusements.
shouldconfide - debe confiar
Thus ends the conduct of a virgin widow re-married.
A woman who is disliked by her husband, and annoyed and distressed byhis other wives, should associate with the wife who is liked most by herhusband, and who serves him more than the others, and should teach herall the arts with which she is acquainted. She should act as the nurseof her husband's children, and having gained over his friends to herside, should through them make him acquainted of her devotion to him. Inreligious ceremonies she should be a leader, as also in vows and fasts,and should not hold too good an opinion of herself. When her husband islying on his bed she should only go near him when it is agreeable tohim, and should never rebuke him, or show obstinacy in any way.
byhis - Por esto
associate - asociado, companero, asociar, frecuentar, alternar, tratar
nurseof - Enfermera de
islying - Mentira
obstinacy - testarudez, porfía, terquedad, obstinación
If herhusband happens to quarrel with any of his other wives, she shouldreconcile them to each other, and if he desires to see any womansecretly, she should manage to bring about the meeting between them. Sheshould moreover make herself acquainted with the weak points of herhusband's character, but always keep them secret, and on the wholebehave herself in such an way as may lead him to look upon her as a goodand devoted wife.
shouldreconcile - debe reconciliarse
womansecretly - mujeres en secreto
wholebehave - Comportarse bien
goodand - Bueno
Here ends the conduct of a wife disliked by her husband.
The above sections will show how all the women of the King's seraglioare to behave, and therefore we shall now speak separately only aboutthe king.
aboutthe - sobre el
The female attendants in the harem (called severally Kanchukiyas,[54]Mahallarikas,[55] and Mahallikas,[56]) should bring flowers, ointmentsand clothes from the King's wives to the King, and he having receivedthese things should give them as presents to the servants, along withthe things worn by him the previous day. In the afternoon the King,having dressed and put on his ornaments, should interview the women ofthe harem, who should also be dressed and decorated with jewels.
severally - Separadamente
ointmentsand - ngüentosy
receivedthese - los ha recibido
previous day - el día anterior
Thenhaving given to each of them such a place and such respect as may suitthe occasion and as they may deserve, he should carry on with them acheerful conversation. After that he should see such of his wives as maybe virgin widows re-married, and after them the concubines and dancinggirls. All of these should be visited in their own private rooms.
suitthe - le conviene
acheerful - doloroso
widows - viudas; viuda, enviudar
concubines - oncubinas; concubina
dancinggirls - bailarinas
When the King rises from his noonday sleep, the woman whose duty it isto inform the King regarding the wife who is to spend the night with himshould come to him accompanied by the female attendants of that wifewhose turn may have arrived in the regular course, and of her who mayhave been accidentally passed over as her turn arrived, and of her whomay have been unwell at the time of her turn.
himshould - Debería
wifewhose - la esposa de quién
unwell - malestar; indispuesto
These attendants shouldplace before the King the ointments and unguents sent by each of thesewives, marked with the seal of her ring, and their names and theirreasons for sending the ointments should be told to the King. After thisthe King accepts the ointment of one of them, who then is informed thather ointment has been accepted, and that her day has been settled.[57]
shouldplace - Debería
thesewives - estas esposas
seal - sello
ring - anillo
theirreasons - Sus razones
thisthe - Esto
informed - informado; informar
thather - Esa
settled - resuelto; instalar, colocar
At festivals, singing parties and exhibitions, all the wives of the Kingshould be treated with respect and served with drinks.
But the women of the harem should not be allowed to go out alone,neither should any women outside the harem be allowed to enter it exceptthose whose character is well known. And lastly the work which theKing's wives have to do should not be too fatiguing.
exceptthose - Excepto esos
theKing - El Rey
fatiguing - fatigante; fatiga, fatigar, acosar
Thus ends the conduct of the King towards the women of the harem, and oftheir own conduct.
oftheir - e su
A man marrying many wives should act fairly towards them all. He shouldneither disregard nor pass over their faults, and should not reveal toone wife the love, passion, bodily blemishes, and confidentialreproaches of the other. No opportunity should be given to any one ofthem of speaking to him about their rivals, and if one of them shouldbegin to speak ill of another, he should chide her and tell her that shehas exactly the same blemishes in her character. One of them he shouldplease by secret confidence, another by secret respect, and another bysecret flattery, and he should please them all by going to gardens, byamusements, by presents, by honouring their relations, by telling themsecrets, and lastly by loving unions.
shouldneither - tampoco
disregard - desprecio; descuidar, desatender, ignorar
pass over - pasar por encima
bodily - corporal, corpóreo, corporalmente
blemishes - manchas; mancha, marca
confidentialreproaches - reproches confidenciales
rivals - rivales; rival
shouldbegin - debe comenzar
shehas - tiene
shouldplease - debería
bysecret - secreto
flattery - halagos; adulación, peloteo, piropo, camelo, lisonja
honouring - haciendo honor; honradez
themsecrets - Secretos
A young woman who is of a goodtemper, and who conducts herself according to the precepts of the HolyWrit, wins her husband's attachment, and obtains a superiority over herrivals.
conducts - onduce; conducción, conducta, guiar, dirigir, manejar, conducir
attachment - apego, carino, afición, atadura, archivo adjunto, ejecución
herrivals - Sus rivales
Thus ends the conduct of a husband towards many wives.
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 54: A name given to the maid servants of the zenana of theKings in ancient times, on account of their always keeping their breastscovered with a cloth called Kanchuki. It was customary in the olden timefor the maid servants to cover their breasts with a cloth, while theQueens kept their breasts uncovered. This custom is distinctly to beseen in the Ajunta cave paintings.]
theKings - Los Reyes
breastscovered - Cubierto de pechos
customary - costumbre; acostumbrado, consuetudinario, sólito
olden - Antiguo
timefor - tiempo para
theQueens - Las Reinas
uncovered - descubierto; destapar
cave - cueva, caverna
paintings - pinturas; cuadro, pintura, pintado, pintura
[Footnote 55: The meaning of this word is a superior woman, so it wouldseem that a Mahallarika must be a person in authority over the maidservants of the house.]
wouldseem - parecería
maidservants - sirvientas; criada, moza
[Footnote 56: This was also appertaining to the rank of women employedin the harem. In latter times this place was given to eunuchs.]
employedin - empleado en
[Footnote 57: As Kings generally had many wives, it was usual for themto enjoy their wives by turns. But as it happened sometimes that some ofthem lost their turns owing to the King's absence, or to their beingunwell, then in such cases the women whose turns had been passed over,and those whose turns had come, used to have a sort of lottery, and theointment of all the claimants were sent to the King, who accepted theointment of one of them, and thus settled the question.
themto - a ellos
beingunwell - estar mal
lottery - lotería
theointment - la cita
claimants - reclamantes; actor
=END OF PART IV.=
ABOUT THE WIVES OF OTHER MEN.
OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN AND WOMEN.--THE REASONS WHY WOMEN REJECTTHE ADDRESSES OF MEN.--ABOUT MEN WHO HAVE SUCCESS WITH WOMEN, AND ABOUTWOMEN WHO ARE EASILY GAINED OVER.
The wives of other people may be resorted to on the occasions alreadydescribed in Part I., Chapter 5, of this work, but the possibility oftheir acquisition, their fitness for cohabitation, the danger to oneselfin uniting with them, and the future effect of these unions, shouldfirst of all be examined.
alreadydescribed - ya descrito
cohabitation - convivencia; cohabitación, arreglo, amancebamiento
oneselfin - uno mismo
shouldfirst - primero
A man may resort to the wife of another, forthe purpose of saving his own life, when he perceives that his love forher proceeds from one degree of intensity to another. These degrees areten in number, and are distinguished by the following marks:
perceives - ercibe; percibir, entender
areten - areten
distinguished - istinguido; distinguir
1. Love of the eye.
2. Attachment of the mind.
3. Constant reflection.
4. Destruction of sleep.
5. Emaciation of the body.
emaciation - emaciación
6. Turning away from objects of enjoyment.
7. Removal of shame.
removal - remoción, eliminación, mudanza
shame - vergüenza, pena
8. Madness.
madness - locura
9. Fainting.
Fainting - desmayos; desmayo; (faint) desmayos; desmayo
10. Death.
Ancient authors say that a man should know the disposition,truthfulness, purity, and will of a young woman, as also the intensity,or weakness of her passions, from the form of her body, and from hercharacteristic marks and signs.
hercharacteristic - Su característica
But Vatsyayana is of opinion that theforms of bodies, and the characteristic marks or signs are but erringtests of character, and that women should be judged by their conduct, bythe outward expression of their thoughts, and by the movements of theirbodies.
theforms - Los formularios
erringtests - pruebas erróneas
thoughts - pensamientos; pensamiento
theirbodies - Sus cuerpos
Now as a general rule Gonikaputra says that a woman falls in love withevery handsome man she sees, and so does every man at the sight of abeautiful woman, but frequently they do not take any further steps,owing to various considerations. In love the following circumstances arepeculiar to the woman. She loves without regard to right or wrong,[58]and does not try to gain over a man simply for the attainment of someparticular purpose. Moreover, when a man first makes up to her shenaturally shrinks from him, even though she may be willing to uniteherself with him. But when the attempts to gain her are repeated andrenewed, she at last consents.
withevery - con todos
abeautiful - Hermoso
considerations - consideraciones; consideración
arepeculiar - especular
attainment - ogros; logro, consecución, realización
someparticular - Algún particular
shrinks - se encoge; contraerse, encogerse, achicarse, mermar
uniteherself - unirse
andrenewed - y renovado
But with a man, even though he may havebegun to love, he conquers his feelings from a regard for morality andwisdom, and although his thoughts are often on the woman, he does notyield, even though an attempt be made to gain him over. He sometimesmakes an attempt or effort to win the object of his affections, andhaving failed, he leaves her alone for the future. In the same way, whena woman is once gained, he often becomes indifferent about her. As forthe saying that a man does not care for what is easily gained, and onlydesires a thing which cannot be obtained without difficulty, it is onlya matter of talk.
havebegun - Han comenzado
conquers - conquistar, debelar
morality - moralidad
andwisdom - sabiduría
sometimesmakes - a veces hace
whena - Cuándo
indifferent - indiferente
onlydesires - sólo deseos
onlya - sólo
The causes of a woman rejecting the addresses of a man are as follows:
1. Affection for her husband.
2. Desire of lawful progeny.
3. Want of opportunity.
4. Anger at being addressed by the man too familiarly.
anger - ira, enfado, enojo, rabia
familiarly - familiarmente
5. Difference in rank of life.
6. Want of certainty on account of the man being devoted to travelling.
7. Thinking that the man may be attached to some other person.
8. Fear of the man's not keeping his intentions secret.
9. Thinking that the man is too devoted to his friends, and has toogreat a regard for them.
toogreat - demasiado grande
10. The apprehension that he is not in earnest.
apprehension - aprehensión; arresto, aprensión
11. Bashfulness on account of his being an illustrious man.
illustrious - ilustre, ínclito
12. Fear on account of his being powerful, or possessed of too impetuouspassion, in the case of the deer woman.
impetuouspassion - pasión impetuosa
13. Bashfulness on account of his being too clever.
14. The thought of having once lived with him on friendly terms only.
15. Contempt of his want of knowledge of the world.
contempt - desprecio, desdén, desgracia, deshonra, vergüenza, desacato
16. Distrust of his low character.
distrust - desconfianza, recelo, desconfiar
17. Disgust at his want of perception of her love for him.
disgust - repugnar, dar asco, asquear, asco, repugnancia
18. In the case of an elephant woman, the thought that he is a hare man,or a man of weak passion.
19. Compassion lest any thing should befall him on account of hispassion.
compassion - compasión, conmiseración
hispassion - Su pasión
20. Despair at her own imperfections.
despair - desesperar, desesperanzar, desesperación, desesperanza
imperfections - imperfecciones; imperfección
21. Fear of discovery.
22. Disillusion at seeing his grey hair or shabby appearance.
disillusion - desilusión; desenganar, desengano, desencanto
shabby - desalinado; raído, astroso, zarrapastroso, cutre, harapiento
23. Fear that he may be employed by her husband to test her chastity.
24. The thought that he has too much regard for morality.
Whichever of the above causes a man may detect, he should endeavour toremove it from the very beginning. Thus, the bashfulness that may arisefrom his greatness or his ability, he should remove by showing his greatlove and affection for her. The difficulty of the want of opportunity,or if his inaccessibility, he should remove by showing her some easy wayof access. The excessive respect entertained by the woman for him shouldbe removed by making himself very familiar.
whichever - cualquier, cualquiera que, el que sea
detect - detectar, sentir
toremove - Quitar
arisefrom - De dónde surge
greatness - grandeza
greatlove - Gran amor
inaccessibility - inaccesibilidad
wayof - de qué manera
The difficulties that arisefrom his being thought a low character he should remove by showing hisvalour and his wisdom; those that come from neglect by extra attention;and those that arise from fear by giving her proper encouragement.
hisvalour - Su valor
arise - surgir, levantarse, provenir, aparecer
The following are the men who generally obtain success with women.
1. Men well versed in the science of love.
2. Men skilled in telling stories.
3. Men acquainted with women from their childhood.
4. Men who have secured their confidence.
secured - seguro, resguardado, confiable, aplomado
5. Men who send presents to them.
6. Men who talk well.
7. Men who do things that they like.
8. Men who have not loved other women previously.
9. Men who act as messengers.
10. Men who knew their weak points.
11. Men who are desired by good women.
12. Men who are united with their female friends.
13. Men who are good looking.
14. Men who have been brought up with them.
15. Men who are their neighbours.
16. Men who are devoted to sexual pleasures, even though these be theirown servants.
17. The lovers of the daughters of their nurse.
18. Men who have been lately married.
19. Men who like picnics and pleasure parties.
20. Men who are liberal.
21. Men who are celebrated for being very strong (Bull men).
22. Enterprising and brave men.
23. Men who surpass their husbands in learning and good looks, in goodquality, and in liberality.
goodquality - Buena calidad
liberality - liberalidad
24. Men whose dress and manner of living are magnificent.
magnificent - magnífico, macanudo
The following are the women who are easily gained over.
1. Women who stand at the doors of their houses.
2. Women who are always looking out on the street.
3. Women who sit conversing in their neighbour's house.
4. A woman who is always staring at you.
5. A female messenger.
6. A woman who looks sideways at you.
sideways - de lado
7. A woman whose husband has taken another wife without any just cause.
8. A woman who hates her husband or who is hated by him.
9. A woman who has nobody to look after her, or keep her in check.
10. A woman who has not had any children.
11. A woman whose family or caste is not well known.
12. A woman whose children are dead.
13. A woman who is very fond of society.
14. A woman who is apparently very affectionate with her husband.
apparently - evidentemente, obviamente, por lo visto, aparentemente
affectionate - Carinoso
15. The wife of an actor.
16. A widow.
17. A poor woman.
poor woman - Pobre mujer
18. A woman fond of enjoyments.
19. The wife of a man with many younger brothers.
20. A vain woman.
vain - vanidoso, vano, vacuo
21. A woman whose husband is inferior to her in rank or abilities.
inferior - inferior
22. A woman who is proud of her skill in the arts.
23. A woman disturbed in mind by the folly of her husband.
disturbed - molesto; perturbar, molestar
24. A woman who has been married in her infancy to a rich man, and notliking him when she grows up, desires a man possessing a disposition,talents, and wisdom suitable to her own tastes.
notliking - No te gusta
possessing - poseer
25. A woman who is slighted by her husband without any cause.
slighted - despreciado; insignificante, leve, ligero, falta de respeto
26. A woman who is not respected by other women of the same rank orbeauty as herself.
orbeauty - belleza
27. A woman whose husband is devoted to travelling.
28. The wife of a jeweller.
jeweller - Joyero
29. A jealous woman.
jealous - celoso, encelado, envidioso, checkenvidioso
30. A covetous woman.
31. An immoral woman.
immoral - inmoral
32. A barren woman.
barren - yermo; estéril, infértil
33. A lazy woman.
34. A cowardly woman.
cowardly - cobarde, cobardemente
35. A humpbacked woman.
36. A dwarfish woman.
37. A deformed woman.
38. A vulgar woman.
vulgar - vulgar, chabacano, ramplón
39. An ill-smelling woman.
40. A sick woman.
41. An old woman.
There was also two verses on the subject as follows:
"Desire, which springs from nature, and which is increased by art, andfrom which all danger is taken away by wisdom, becomes firm and secure.A clever man, depending on his own ability, and observing carefully theideas and thoughts of women, and removing the causes of their turningaway from men, is generally successful with them."
observing - observando; observar, seguir, tomar en cuenta
theideas - las ideas
turningaway - Girando
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 58: On peut tout attendre et tout supposer d'une femmeamoureuse.--Balzac.]
peut - eut
tout - buscar, intentar captar
attendre - Atendre
et - y; ET
Supposer - PROVEEDOR
une - un
ABOUT MAKING ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE WOMAN, AND OF THE EFFORTS TO GAIN HEROVER.
Ancient authors are of opinion that girls are not so easily seduced byemploying female messengers as by the efforts of the man himself, butthat the wives of others are more easily got at by the aid of femalemessengers than by the personal efforts of a man. But Vatsyayana lays itdown that whenever it is possible a man should always act himself inthese matters, and it is only when such is impracticable, or impossible,that female messengers should be employed.
seduced - seducido; seducir
byemploying - empleando
butthat - Pero qué
femalemessengers - mujeres mensajeras
inthese - En estos
As for the saying that womenwho act and talk boldly and freely are to be won by the personal effortsof the man, and that women who do not possess those qualities are to begot at by female messengers, it is only a matter of talk.
womenwho - mujeresquién
boldly - con valentía; audazmente, valientemente
effortsof - esfuerzos de
begot - engendró; engendrar, concebir
Now when a man acts himself in the matter he should first of all makethe acquaintance of the woman he loves in the following manner.
makethe - hacerlo
1st. He should arrange to be seen by the woman either on a natural orspecial opportunity. A natural opportunity is when one of them goes tothe house of the other, and a special opportunity is when they meeteither at the house of a friend, or a caste-fellow, or a minister, or aphysician, as also on the occasion of marriage ceremonies, sacrifices,festivals, funerals, and garden parties.
orspecial - o especial
meeteither - Conoce a alguno de los dos
fellow - colega; tipo
aphysician - físico
funerals - funerales; funeral
2nd. When they do meet, the man should be careful to look at her in sucha way as to cause the state of his mind to be made known to her; heshould pull about his moustache, make a sound with his nails, cause hisown ornaments to tinkle, bite his lower lip, and make various othersigns of that description. When she is looking at him he should speakto his friends about her and other women, and should show to her hisliberality and his appreciation of enjoyments. When sitting by the sideof a female friend he should yawn and twist his body, contract hiseyebrows, speak very slowly as if he were weary, and listen to herindifferently. A conversation having two meanings should also be carriedon with a child or some other person, apparently having regard to athird person, but really having reference to the woman he loves, and inthis way his love should be made manifest under the pretext of referringto others rather than to herself.
made known - dar a conocer
hisown - Su propiedad
othersigns - Otros signos
speakto - Hablar
hisliberality - su liberalidad
appreciation - apreciación
yawn - bostezar, abrirse, bostezo
twist - giro; torcer, sacar punta a, torcerse
hiseyebrows - Sus cejas
herindifferently - Su indiferencia
meanings - Qué significa
carriedon - Continuó
athird - un tercio
referringto - A qué se refiere
He should make marks that havereference to her, on the earth with his nails, or with a stick, andshould embrace and kiss a child in her presence, and give it the mixtureof betel nut and betel leaves with his tongue, and press its chin withhis fingers in a caressing way. All these things should be done at theproper time and in proper places.
havereference - tiene referencia
mixtureof - Mezcla de
caressing - Caricias; (cares) Caricias
3rd. The man should fondle a child that may be sitting on her lap, andgive it something to play with, and also take the same back again.Conversation with respect to the child may also be held with her, and inthis manner he should gradually become well acquainted with her, and heshould also make himself agreeable to her relations. Afterwards, thisacquaintance should be made a pretext for visiting her house frequently,and on such occasions he should converse on the subject of love in herabsence, but within her hearing. As his intimacy with her increases heshould place in her charge some kind of deposit or trust, and take awayfrom it a small portion at a time; or he may give her some fragrantsubstances, or betel nuts to be kept for him by her. After this heshould endeavour to make her well acquainted with his own wife, and getthem to carry on confidential conversations, and to sit together inlonely places. In order to see her frequently he should arrange that thesame goldsmith, the same jeweller, the same basket maker, the same dyer,and the same washerman should be employed by the two families.
fondle - acariciar
andgive - y dar
gradually - gradualmente, poco a poco, paulatinamente
thisacquaintance - Este conocido
herabsence - herabsencia
intimacy - intimidad
awayfrom - de dónde
fragrantsubstances - sustancias aromáticas
getthem - Conseguirlos
inlonely - solo
goldsmith - orfebre, orífice, orebce, oribe
basket - cesta, cesto, canasta
Maker - hacedor, fabricante
dyer - tintorero, tintorera
washerman - lavandero, lavandera
And heshould also pay her long visits openly under the pretence of beingengaged with her on business, and one business should lead to another,so as to keep up the intercourse between them. Whenever she wantsanything, or is in need of money, or wishes to acquire skill in one ofthe arts, he should cause her to understand that he is willing and ableto do anything that she wants, to give her money, or teach her one ofthe arts, all these things being quite within his ability and power. Inthe same way he should hold discussions with her in company with otherpeople, and they should talk of the doings and sayings of other persons,and examine different things, like jewellery, precious stones, etc. Onsuch occasions he should show her certain things with the values ofwhich she may be unacquainted, and if she begins to dispute with himabout the things or their value, he should not contradict her, but pointout that he agrees with her in every way.
beingengaged - está comprometido
wantsanything - quiere algo
ableto - Puede
otherpeople - Otras personas
doings - Haciendo
sayings - dichos; dicho, proverbio, refrán
precious - preciosos; precioso
unacquainted - desconocido
himabout - Imabout
contradict - contradecir, contrariar
pointout - senalar
Thus ends the ways of making the acquaintance of the woman desired.
Now after a girl has become acquainted with the man as above described,and has manifested her love to him by the various outward signs; and bythe motions of her body, the man should make every effort to gain herover. But as girls are not acquainted with sexual union, they should betreated with the greatest delicacy, and the man should proceed withconsiderable caution, though in the case of other women, accustomed tosexual intercourse, this is not necessary. When the intentions of thegirl are known, and her bashfulness put aside, the man should begin tomake use of her money, and an interchange of clothes, rings, and flowersshould be made. In this the man should take particular care that thethings given by him are handsome and valuable.
betreated - Betreado
delicacy - una delicia; fineza, delicadeza, fragilidad, exquisitez
withconsiderable - onconsiderable
interchange - intercambiar, reemplazar, intercambio, intercambios, transbordo
flowersshould - flores
thethings - las cosas
He should moreoverreceive from her a mixture of betel nut and betel leaves, and when he isgoing to a party he should ask for the flower in her hair, or for theflower in her hand. If he himself gives her a flower it should be asweet smelling one, and marked with marks made by his nails or teeth.With increasing assiduity he should dispel her fears, and by degrees gether to go with him to some lonely place, and there he should embrace andkiss her. And finally at the time of giving her some betel nut, or ofreceiving the same from her, or at the time of making an exchange offlowers, he should touch and press her private parts, thus bringing hisefforts to a satisfactory conclusion.
moreoverreceive - demásrecibir
isgoing - se va
theflower - la flor
asweet - Dulce
assiduity - asiduidad
gether - Juntarse
andkiss - Y un beso
ofreceiving - Recibir
hisefforts - Sus esfuerzos
satisfactory - satisfactorio
When a man is endeavouring to seduce one woman, he should not attempt toseduce any other at the same time. But after he had succeeded with thefirst, and enjoyed her for a considerable time, he can keep heraffections by giving her presents that she likes, and then commencemaking up to another woman. When a man sees the husband of a woman goingto some place near his house, he should not enjoy the woman then, eventhough she may be easily gained over at that time.
heraffections - herafecciones
commencemaking - Comencemaking
goingto - a dónde
eventhough - aunque
A wise man having aregard for his reputation should not think of seducing a woman who isapprehensive, timid, not to be trusted, well guarded, or possessed of afather-in-law, or mother-in-law.
isapprehensive - es aprensivo
afather - Padre
EXAMINATION OF THE STATE OF A WOMAN'S MIND.
When a man is trying to gain over a woman he should examine the state ofher mind, and acts as follows.
If she listens to him, but does not manifest to him in any way her ownintentions, he should then try to gain her over by means of ago-between.
ownintentions - propias intenciones
If she meets him once, and again comes to meet him better dressed thanbefore, or comes to him in some lonely place, he should be certain thatshe is capable of being enjoyed by the use of a little force.
thanbefore - ue antes
A womanwho lets a man make up to her, but does not give herself up, even aftera long time, should be considered as a trifler in love, but owing to thefickleness of the human mind, even such a woman can be conquered byalways keeping up a close acquaintance with her.
womanwho - Mujer quién
aftera - Después
trifler - trilero
thefickleness - la meticulosidad
byalways - siempre
When a woman avoids the attentions of a man, and on account of respectfor him, and pride in herself, will not meet him or approach him, shecan be gained over with difficulty, either by endeavouring to keep onfamiliar terms with her, or else by an exceedingly clever go-between.
respectfor - Respeto
onfamiliar - nfamiliar
exceedingly - excesivamente; extremadamente, sumamente, sobremanera, asaz
When a man makes up to a woman, and she reproaches him with harsh words,she should be abandoned at once.
reproaches - reproches; reproche, vergüenza, reprochar, avergonzar
When a woman reproaches a man, but at the same time acts affectionatelytowards him, she should be made love to in every way.
affectionatelytowards - con afecto
A woman who meets a man in lonely places, and puts up with the touch ofhis foot, but pretends, on account of the indecision of her mind, not tobe aware of it, should be conquered by patience, and by continuedefforts as follows:
indecision - indecisión, irresolución
patience - paciencia, solitario
continuedefforts - esfuerzos continuados
If she happens to go to sleep in his vicinity he should put his left armround her, and see when she awakes whether she repulses him in reality,or only repulses him in such a way as if she were desirous of the samething being done to her again. And what is done by the arm can also bedone by the foot. If the man succeeds in this point he should embraceher more closely, and if she will not stand the embrace and gets up, butbehaves with him as usual the next day, he should consider then that sheis not unwilling to be enjoyed by him.
vicinity - vecindad, cercanías, inmediaciones, aproximado, aproximadamente
armround - Rodear el brazo
awakes - se despierta; despertar(se)
repulses - le repugna; repulsar
desirous - deseoso
samething - algo parecido
embraceher - Abraceher
butbehaves - pero se comporta
If however she does not appearagain, the man should try to get over her by means of a go-between; andif, after having disappeared for some time she again appears, andbehaves with him as usual, the man should then consider that she wouldnot object to be united with him.
appearagain - aparecer de nuevo
andif - Y si
andbehaves - y se comporta
wouldnot - no
When a woman gives a man an opportunity, and makes her own love manifestto him, he should proceed to enjoy her. And the signs of a womanmanifesting her love are these:
manifestto - manifiesto
womanmanifesting - manifestación de la mujer
1. She calls out to a man without being addressed by him in the firstinstance.
firstinstance - primerainstancia
2. She shows herself to him in secret places.
3. She speaks to him tremblingly and inarticulately.
tremblingly - Temblando
inarticulately - Inarticuladamente
4. She has the fingers of her hand, and the toes of her feet moistenedwith perspiration, and her face blooming with delight.
moistenedwith - umedecido con.
perspiration - sudor
blooming - floreciendo; flor
5. She occupies herself with shampooing his body and pressing his head.
occupies - ocupar
6. When shampooing him she works with one hand only, and with the othershe touches and embraces parts of his body.
othershe - Otra
7. She remains with both hands placed on his body motionless as if shehad been surprised by something, or was overcome by fatigue.
motionless - inmóvil, inerte, quieto, en reposo
shehad - Tenía
8. She sometimes bends down her face upon his thighs, and when asked toshampoo them does not manifest any unwillingness to do so.
9. She places one of her hands quite motionless on his body, and eventhough the man should press it between two members of his body, she doesnot remove it for a long time.
10. Lastly, when she has resisted all the efforts of the man to gain herover, she returns to him next day to shampoo his body as before.
resisted - esistido; resistir, panish: t-needed
shampoo - champú
When a woman neither gives encouragement to a man, nor avoids him, buthides herself and remains in some lonely place, she must be got at bymeans of the female servant who may be near her. If when called by theman she acts in the same way, then she should be gained over by means ofa skilful go-between. But if she will have nothing to say to the man, heshould consider well about her before he begins any further attempts togain her over.
buthides - pero se esconde
skilful - Hábil
togain - Ganar
Thus ends the examination of the state of a woman's mind.
A man should first get himself introduced to a woman, and then carry ona conversation with her. He should give her hints of his love for her,and if he finds from her replies that she receives these hintsfavourably, he should then set to work to gain her over without anyfear. A woman who shows her love by outward signs to the man at hisfirst interview should be gained over very easily. In the same way alascivious woman, who when addressed in loving words replies openly inwords expressive of her love, should be considered to have been gainedover at that very moment.
hintsfavourably - insinuacionesfavorables
anyfear - Algún miedo
hisfirst - el primero
inwords - palabras
With regard to all women, whether they bewise, simple, or confiding, this rule is laid down that those who makean open manifestation of their love are easily gained over.
bewise - no
confiding - confiar
ABOUT THE BUSINESS OF A GO-BETWEEN.
If a woman has manifested her love or desire, either by signs or bymotions of her body, and is afterwards rarely or never seen any where,or if a woman is met for the first time, the man should get a go-betweento approach her.
bymotions - por movimientos
betweento - entre
Now the go-between, having wheedled herself into the confidence of thewoman by acting according to her disposition, should try to make herhate or despise her husband by holding artful conversations with her, bytelling her about medicines for getting children, by talking to herabout other people, by tales of various kinds, by stories about thewives of other men, and by praising her beauty, wisdom, generosity, andgood nature, and then saying to her: "It is indeed a pity that you, whoare so excellent a woman in every way, should be possessed of a husbandof this kind. Beautiful lady, he is not fit even to serve you.
wheedled - sobornada; engatusar, camelar, panish: t-needed
herhate - Hehate
despise - despreciar; desdenar
artful - inteligente; diestro, hábil, habiloso, ingenioso, astuto
bytelling - contar
herabout - qué pasa
praising - alabando; (praise); alabanza, loa, enaltecimiento, elogio
andgood - y bien
pity - compasión, piedad, lástima, pena, tener lástima
husbandof - Marido de
Thego-between should further talk to the woman about the weakness of thepassion of her husband, his jealousy, his roguery, his ingratitude, hisaversion to enjoyments, his dullness, his meanness, and all the otherfaults that he may have, and with which she may be acquainted. Sheshould particularly harp upon that fault or that failing by which thewife may appear to be the most affected. If the wife be a deer woman,and the husband a hare man, then there would be no fault in thatdirection, but in the event of his being a hare man, and she a marewoman or elephant woman, then this fault should be pointed out to her.
thepassion - la pasión
ingratitude - ingratitud
hisaversion - suaversión
meanness - mezquindad
otherfaults - Otros fallos
harp - arpa, harpa
thewife - La esposa
most affected - los más afectados
thatdirection - esa dirección
marewoman - Mujer yegua
Gonikaputra is of opinion that when it is the first affair of the woman,or when her love has only been very secretly shown, the man should thensecure and send to her a go-between, with whom she may be alreadyacquainted, and in whom she confides.
thensecure - seguro
alreadyacquainted - ya está familiarizado
But to return to our subject. The go-between should tell the woman aboutthe obedience and love of the man, and as her confidence and affectionincrease, she should then explain to her the thing to be accomplished inthe following way. "Hear this, Oh beautiful lady, that this man, born ofa good family, having seen you, has gone mad on your account. The pooryoung man, who is tender by nature, has never been distressed in such away before, and it is highly probable that he will succumb under hispresent affliction, and experience the pains of death." If the womanlistens with a favourable ear, then on the following day the go-between,having observed marks of good spirits in her face, in her eyes, and inher manner of conversation, should again converse with her on thesubject of the man, and should tell her the stories of Ahalya[59] andIndra, of Sakoontala[60] and Dushyanti, and such others as may be fittedfor the occasion.
affectionincrease - aumentan los afectos
probable - probable
succumb - sucumbir, rendirse, ceder, morir
hispresent - su presente
womanlistens - mujerescucha
inher - heredar
andIndra - yIndra
fittedfor - ittedfor
She should also describe to her the strength of theman, his talents, his skill in the sixty-four sorts of enjoymentsmentioned by Babhravya, his good looks, and his liaison with somepraiseworthy woman, no matter whether this last ever took place or not.
enjoymentsmentioned - Disfrutado
liaison - enlace, aventura
somepraiseworthy - algo digno de elogio
In addition to this, the go-between should carefully note the behaviourof the woman, which if favourable would be as follows: She would addressher with a smiling look, would seat herself close beside her, and askher, "Where have you been? What have you been doing? Where did you dine?Where did you sleep? Where have you been sitting?" Moreover the womanwould meet the go-between in lonely places and tell her stories there,would yawn contemplatively, draw long sighs, give her presents, rememberher on occasions of festivals, dismiss her with a wish to see her again,and say to her jestingly, "Oh, well-speaking woman, why do you speakthese bad words to me?
dineWhere - enar?Dónde
behaviourof - Comportamiento
addressher - Dirección
beside - al lado de, cabe
askher - Preguntar
womanwould - ujer
contemplatively - Contemplativo
rememberher - Te acuerdas de ella
dismiss - despedir, echar, disipar, rechazar, expulsar
jestingly - Bromeando
speakthese - hablan estos
would discourse on the sin of her union with theman, would not tell her about any previous visits or conversations thatshe may have had with him, but wish to be asked about these, and lastlywould laugh at the man's desire, but would not reproach him in any way.
lastlywould - por último
reproach - reproche, vergüenza, reprochar, avergonzar, echar en cara algo
Thus ends the behaviour of the woman with the go-between.
The followers of Babhravya on the other hand affirm that even thoughthey be personally unacquainted, but have shown each other signs ofaffection there is an occasion for the employment of a go-between.Gonikaputra asserts that a go-between should be employed, provided theyare acquainted with each other, even though no signs of affection mayhave passed between them.
affirm - afirmar
ofaffection - de afecto
asserts - asegurar, aseverar, afirmar, ejercer; confirmar, sostener
Vatsyayana however lays it down that eventhough they may not be personally acquainted with each other, and maynot have shown each other any signs of affection, still they are bothcapable of placing confidence in a go-between.
maynot - no
bothcapable - amboscapaces
Now the go-between should show the woman the presents, such as the betelnut and betel leaves, the perfumes, the flowers, and the rings which theman may have given to her for the sake of the woman, and on thesepresents should be impressed the marks of the man's teeth, and nails,and other signs. On the cloth that he may send he should draw withsaffron both his hands joined together as if in earnest entreaty.
betelnut - Nuez de betel
thesepresents - estos regalos
withsaffron - con azafrán
entreaty - suplicas; petición, solicitud, plegaria
The go-between should also show to the woman ornamental figures ofvarious kinds cut in leaves, together with ear ornaments, and chapletsmade of flowers containing love letters expressive of the desire of theman,[61] and she should cause her to send affectionate presents to theman in return. After they have mutually accepted each other's presents,then a meeting should be arranged between them on the faith of thego-between.
ornamental - ornamental
Faith - fe, confianza
The followers of Babhravya say that this meeting should take place atthe time of going to the temple of a Deity, or on occasions of fairs,garden parties, theatrical performances, marriages, sacrifices,festivals and funerals, as also at the time of going to the river tobathe, or at times of natural calamities,[62] fear of robbers or hostileinvasions of the country.
theatrical - teatral
calamities - alamidades; calamidad, panish: t-needed
robbers - ladrones; ladrón, ladrona
hostileinvasions - invasiones hostiles
Gonikaputra is of opinion however that these meetings had better bebrought about in the abodes of female friends, mendicants, astrologers,and ascetics.
meetings - reunión
astrologers - astrólogos; astrólogo, astróloga
ascetics - ascetas; ascético, asceta
But Vatsyayana decides that that place is only well suitedfor the purpose which has proper means of ingress and egress, and wherearrangements have been made to prevent any accidental occurrence, andwhen a man who has once entered the house, can also leave it at theproper time without any disagreeable encounter.
suitedfor - adecuado para
ingress - entrar; entrada, ingreso
egress - Salida
wherearrangements - Dónde
accidental - accidental, casual, imprevisto, fortuito
Occurrence - acontecimiento, ocurrencia, suceso
disagreeable - desagradable
encounter - encuentro
Now go-betweens or female messengers are of the following differentkinds, viz.:
differentkinds - diferentes tipos
(1). A go-between who takes upon herself the whole burden of thebusiness.
burden - carga
thebusiness - el negocio
(2). A go-between who does only a limited part of the business.
(3). A go-between who is the bearer of a letter only.
bearer - portador, portadora
(4). A go-between acting on her own account.
(5). The go-between of an innocent young woman.
(6). A wife serving as a go-between.
(7). A mute go-between.
mute - silencio; mudo
(8). A go-between who acts the part of the wind.
wind - viento, aire
(1). A woman who, having observed the mutual passion of a man and woman,brings them together and arranges it by the power of her own intellect,such an one is called a go-between who takes upon herself the wholeburden of the business. This kind of go-between is chiefly employed whenthe man and the woman are already acquainted with each other, and haveconversed together, and in such cases she is sent not only by the man(as is always done in all other cases) but by the woman also.
wholeburden - Toda la carga
chiefly - principalmente, sobre todo, particularmente, especialmente
haveconversed - han hablado
-The abovename is also given to a go-between who, perceiving that the man and thewoman are suited to each other, tries to bring about a union betweenthem, even though they be not acquainted with each other.
perceiving - Percibiendo; (perceive); percibir, entender
betweenthem - entre ellos
(2). A go-between who, perceiving that some part of the affair isalready done, or that the advances on the part of the man are alreadymade, completes the rest of the business, is called a go-between whoperforms only a limited part of the business.
isalready - Ya está
advances - avances; avanzar, progresar, avance, progreso, adelanto, avance
alreadymade - ya está hecho
whoperforms - quién actúa
(3). A go-between, who simply carries messages between a man and awoman, who love each other, but who cannot frequently meet, is calledthe bearer of a letter or message.
This name is also given to one who is sent by either of the lovers toacquaint either the one or the other with the time and place of theirmeeting.
toacquaint - conocer
theirmeeting - Su reunión
(4). A woman who goes herself to a man, and tells him of her havingenjoyed sexual union with him in a dream, and expresses her anger at hiswife having rebuked him for calling her by the name of her rival insteadof by her own name, and gives him something bearing the marks of herteeth and nails, and informs him that she knew she was formerly desiredby him, and asks him privately whether she or his wife is the bestlooking, such a person is called a woman who is a go-between forherself.
rebuked - reprendido; reproche, reprensión, reprimenda, reprobación
insteadof - En lugar de
herteeth - Sus dientes
informs - informar
desiredby - deseado por
bestlooking - el más guapo
forherself - para sí mismo
Now such a woman should be met and interviewed by the man inprivate and secretly.
inprivate - en privado
The above name is also given to a woman who having made an agreementwith some other woman to act as her go-between, gains over the man toherself, by the means of making him personally acquainted with herself,and thus causes the other woman to fail. The same applies to a man who,acting as a go-between for another, and having no previous connectionwith the woman, gains her over for himself, and thus causes the failureof the other man.
agreementwith - Con quién
toherself - a sí mismo
connectionwith - Con
failureof - fracaso de
(5). A woman, who has gained the confidence of the innocent young wifeof any man, and who has learned her secrets without exercising anypressure on her mind, and found out from her how her husband behaves toher, if this woman then teaches her the art of securing his favour, anddecorates her so as to show her love, and instructs her how and when tobe angry, or to pretend to be so, and then, having herself made marks ofthe nails and teeth on the body of the wife, gets the latter to send forher husband to show these marks to him, and thus excite him forenjoyment, such is called the go-between of an innocent young woman.
wifeof - Esposa de
anypressure - alguna presión
securing - asegurando; seguro, resguardado, confiable, aplomado
anddecorates - decora
instructs - instrucciones; instruir
Insuch cases the man should send replies to his wife through the samewoman.
(6). When a man gets his wife to gain the confidence of a woman whom hewants to enjoy, and to call on her and talk to her about the wisdom andability of her husband, that wife is called a wife serving as ago-between. In this case the feelings of the woman with regard to theman should also be made known through the wife.
hewants - quiere
andability - abilidad
(7). When any man sends a girl or a female servant to any woman undersome pretext or other, and places a letter in her bouquet of flowers, orin her ear ornaments, or marks something about her with his teeth ornails, that girl or female servant is called a mute go-between. In thiscase the man should expect an answer from the woman through the sameperson.
undersome - Inferior
bouquet - ramo de flores; ramo, ramita, buqué, aroma
ornails - unas
thiscase - Este caso
sameperson - la misma persona
(8). A person, who carries a message to a woman, which has a doublemeaning, or which relates to some past transactions, or which isunintelligible to other people, is called a go-between who acts the partof the wind. In this case the reply should be asked for through the samewoman.
doublemeaning - Doble sentido
transactions - transacciones; transacción
isunintelligible - es ininteligible
Thus end the different kinds of go-betweens.
A female astrologer, a female servant, a female beggar, or a femaleartist are well acquainted with the business of a go-between, and verysoon gain the confidence of other women. Any one of them can raiseenmity between any two persons if she wishes to do so, or extol theloveliness of any woman that she wishes to praise, or describe the artspractised by other women in sexual union.
astrologer - astrólogo, astróloga
femaleartist - femaleartista
verysoon - muy pronto
raiseenmity - aumentar la enemistad
theloveliness - el encanto
artspractised - artespracticadas
They can also speak highly ofthe love of a man, of his skill in sexual enjoyment, and of the desireof other women, more beautiful even than the woman they are addressing,for him, and explain the restraint under which he may be at home.
desireof - Deseo de
restraint - restricción, limitación, reserva, moderación, autocontrol
Lastly a go-between can, by the artfulness of her conversation unite awoman with a man, even though he may not have been thought of by her, ormay have been considered beyond his aspirations. She can also bring backa man to a woman, who, owing to some cause or other, has separatedhimself from her.
artfulness - arte
ormay - o puede
beyond - más allá de
aspirations - aspiración
separatedhimself - se separó
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 59: The wife of the sage Gautama, she was seduced by Indra theking of the Gods.]
[Footnote 60: The heroine of one of the best, if not the best, of Hindooplays, and the best known in Sanscrit dramatic literature. It was firstbrought to notice by Sir William Jones, and has been well and poeticallytranslated by Dr. Monier Williams under the title of Sakoontala, or thelost ring, an Indian drama, translated into English prose and verse fromthe Sanscrit of Kalidasa.]
heroine - heroína
dramatic - dramático, asombroso
firstbrought - primera vez
poeticallytranslated - traducido poéticamente
Williams - williams; Guillermo
thelost - Perdido
prose - prosa
[Footnote 61: It is presumed that something like the following Frenchverses are intended.
Quand on a juré le plus profond hommage Voulez-vous qu'infidè le on change de langage Vous seule captive mon esprit ou mon coeur Que je puisse dans vos bras seuls goûter le bonheur; Je voudrais, mais en vain, que mon coeur en délire Couche où ce papier n'oserait vous dire. Avec soin, de ces vers lisez leur premiers mots, Vous verrez quel remède il faut à tous mes maux.
plus - lus; más, positivo
hommage - homenaje
voulez - Desea
langage - lengua
seule - eule
captive - cautivo, prisionero, preso
Bras - Sostenes; (bra) Sostenes
seuls - euls
dire - terrible; de mal agüero, portentoso, maligno
avec - Con quién
ces - es; E.C
premiers - estrenos; primero, principal
quel - Qué
faut - aut
Or these:
Quand on vous voit, on vous aime; Quand on vous aime, oĂą vous voit-on.]
[Footnote 62: It is supposed that storms, earthquakes, famines andpestilent diseases are here alluded to.]
famines - hambres; hambruna, hambre
andpestilent - ypestilente
alluded - aludido; aludir, referirse
ABOUT THE LOVE OF PERSONS IN AUTHORITY FOR THE WIVES OF OTHER MEN.
The head man of the village, the King's officer employed there, and theman[63] whose business it is to glean corn, can gain over femalevillagers simply by asking them. It is on this account that this classof woman are called unchaste women by voluptuaries.
glean - espigar; recoger, recopilar
femalevillagers - mujeres aldeanas
classof - clase
voluptuaries - voluptuaria
The union of the above mentioned men with this class of woman takesplace on the occasions of unpaid labour, of filling the granaries intheir houses, of taking things in and out of the house, of cleaning thehouses, of working in the fields, and of purchasing cotton, wool, flax,hemp, and thread, and at the season of the purchase, sale, and exchangeof various other articles, as well as at the time of doing various otherworks. In the same way the superintendents of cow pens enjoy the womenin the cow pens; and the officers, who have the superintendence ofwidows, of the women who are without supporters, and of women who haveleft their husbands, have sexual intercourse with these women.
above mentioned - se ha mencionado anteriormente
takesplace - tiene lugar
unpaid - Sin pagar
labour - trabajo, campesinos, trabajadores, parto, trabajar
granaries - hórreos; granero, panish: t-needed
intheir - en su
thehouses - las casas
purchasing - comprando; compra, adquisición, comprar
flax - lino, filasa
hemp - cánamo; cánamo, marihuana, panish: t-needed
exchangeof - Intercambio de
otherworks - Otras obras
superintendents - superintendentes; superintendente, director, supervisor
womenin - mujeres
superintendence - superintendencia
ofwidows - eviudas
supporters - apoyantes; soporte, tenante
haveleft - se ha ido
Theintelligent accomplish their object by wandering at night in thevillage, and while villagers also unite with the wives of their sons,being much alone with them. Lastly the superintendents of markets have agreat deal to do with the female villagers at the time of their makingpurchases in the market.
wandering - deambulando; errabundo, andariego, errante, peripatético
thevillage - el pueblo
villagers - aldeanos; aldeano, aldeana, lugareno
agreat - Genial
makingpurchases - realizar compras
During the festival of the eighth moon, _i.e._, during the bright halfof the month of Nargashirsha, as also during the moonlight festival ofthe month of Kartika, and the spring festival of Chaitra, the women ofcities and towns generally visit the women of the King's harem in theroyal palace. These visitors go to the several apartments of the womenof the harem, as they are acquainted with them, and pass the night inconversation, and in proper sports, and amusement, and go away in themorning. On such occasions a female attendant of the King (previouslyacquainted with the woman whom the King desires), should loiter about,and accost this woman when she sets out to go home, and induce her tocome and see the amusing things in the palace. Previous to thesefestivals even, she should have caused it to be intimated to this womanthat on the occasion of this festival she would show her all theinteresting things in the royal palace. Accordingly she should show herthe bower of the coral creeper, the garden house with its floor inlaidwith precious stones, the bower of grapes, the building on the water,the secret passages in the walls of the palace, the pictures, thesporting animals, the machines, the birds, and the cages of the lionsand the tigers. After this, when alone with her, she should tell herabout the love of the King for her, and should describe to her the goodfortune which would attend upon her union with the King, giving her atthe time a strict promise of secrecy.
halfof - A medias
ofcities - fcities
womenof - mujeresde
inconversation - conversación
previouslyacquainted - Conocido previamente
loiter - holgazanear, perder el tiempo, merodear, vagar
accost - acosar
tocome - Vienes
thesefestivals - Estos festivales
intimated - insinuado; íntimo
womanthat - Mujereso
theinteresting - interesante
accordingly - en consecuencia, por consiguiente, consecuentemente
herthe - ella
inlaidwith - con incrustaciones
grapes - uvas; uva
passages - pasajes; pasillo, pasadizo
thesporting - el deporte
lionsand - Leones y
tigers - tigre; tigresa
goodfortune - buena suerte
strict - estricto
secrecy - secreto, sigilo, secretismo
If the woman does not accept theoffer, she should conciliate and please her with handsome presentsbefitting the position of the King, and having accompanied her for somedistance should dismiss her with great affection.
theoffer - la oferta
conciliate - apaciguar, conciliar
presentsbefitting - resentaadecuado
somedistance - algo de distancia
(2). Or, having made the acquaintance of the husband of the woman whomthe King desires, the wives of the King should get the wife to pay thema visit in the harem, and on this occasion a female attendant of theKing, having been sent thither, should act as above described.
thema - tema
thither - por allí, hacia allá
(3). Or, one of the King's wives should get acquainted with the womanthat the King desires, by sending one of the female attendants to her,who should, on their becoming more intimate, induce her to come and seethe royal abode. Afterwards, when she has visited the harem, andacquired confidence, a female confidante of the King, sent thither,should act as before described.
intimate - intimo; íntimo
seethe - hervir, cocer
andacquired - adquirido
(4). Or, the King's wife should invite the woman, whom the King desires,to come to the royal palace, so that she might see the practice of theart in which the King's wife may be skilled, and after she has come tothe harem, a female attendant of the King, sent thither, should act asbefore described.
theart - el arte
asbefore - como antes
(5). Or, a female beggar, in league with the King's wife, should say tothe woman desired by the King, and whose husband may have lost hiswealth, or may have some cause of fear from the King: "This wife of theKing has influence over him, and she is, moreover, naturallykind-hearted, we must therefore go to her in this matter. I shallarrange for your entrance into the harem, and she will do away with allcause of danger and fear from the King.
League - liga
hiswealth - Su riqueza
naturallykind - Naturalmente
shallarrange - Organizar
allcause - Por qué
If the woman accepts thisoffer, the female beggar should take her two or three times to theharem, and the King's wife there should give her a promise ofprotection. After this, when the woman, delighted with her reception andpromise of protection, again goes to the harem, then a female attendantof the King, sent thither, should act as directed.
thisoffer - estaoferta
theharem - elharem
ofprotection - e protección
delighted - encantado; deleite, regocijo, delicia, placer
andpromise - ?promesa
attendantof - Asistir
as directed - según indicaciones
(6).
What has been said above regarding the wife of one who has somecause of fear from the King applies also to the wives of those who seekservice under the King, or who are oppressed by the King's ministers, orwho are poor, or who are not satisfied with their position, or who aredesirous of gaining the King's favour, or who wish to become famousamong the people, or who are oppressed by the members of their owncaste, or who want to injure their caste fellows, or who are spies ofthe King, or who have any other object to attain.
somecause - Por qué
seekservice - Busca servicio
oppressed - primidos; oprimir
famousamong - famosos entre
fellows - companeros; tipo
spies - espías; espía, chivato, espiar
attain - lograr, conseguir
(7). Lastly, if the woman desired by the King be living with some personwho is not her husband, then the King should cause her to be arrested,and having made her a slave, on account of her crime, should place herin the harem. Or the King should cause his ambassador to quarrel withthe husband of the woman desired by him, and should then imprison her asthe wife of an enemy of the King, and by this means should place her inthe harem.
personwho - a quién
slave - esclavo, esclava, checkesclava
ambassador - embajador, embajadora
imprison - encarcelar, aprisionar
Thus end the means of gaining over the wives of others secretly.
The above mentioned ways of gaining over the wives of other men arechiefly practised in the palaces of Kings. But a King should never enterthe abode of another person, for Abhira,[64] the King of the Kottas waskilled by a washerman while in the house of another, and in the same wayJayasana the King of the Kashis was slain by the commandment of hiscavalry.
arechiefly - soniefly
enterthe - entrar
waskilled - fue asesinado
wayJayasana - ayJayasana
slain - muerto; matar
commandment - mandamiento
hiscavalry - Su caballería
But according to the customs of some countries there are facilities forKings to make love to the wives of other men. Thus in the country of theAndras[65] the newly married daughters of the people thereof enter theKing's harem with some presents on the tenth day of their marriage, andhaving been enjoyed by the King are then dismissed. In the country ofthe Vatsagulmas[66] the wives of the chief ministers approach the Kingat night to serve him. In the country of the Vaidarbhas[67] thebeautiful wives of the inhabitants pass a month in the King's haremunder the pretence of affection for the King.
facilities - instalaciones; facilidad, instalación, material
forKings - orKings
newly - recién; nuevamente
inhabitants - habitantes; habitante, residente, lugareno, lugarena
In the country of theAparatakas[68] the people gave their beautiful wives as presents to theministers and the Kings. And lastly in the country of theSaurashtras[69] the women of the city and the country enter the royalharem for the King's pleasure either together or separately.
theministers - los ministros
royalharem - Realharem
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The above and other ways are the means employed in different countriesby Kings with regard to the wives of other persons. But a King, who hasthe welfare of his people at heart, should not on any account put theminto practice."
countriesby - Paísesby
hasthe - tiene
theminto - en qué
"A King who has conquered the six[70] enemies of mankind, becomes themaster of the whole earth."
themaster - Master
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 63: This is a phrase used for a man who does the work ofeverybody, and who is fed by the whole village.]
ofeverybody - e todos
[Footnote 64: The exact date of the reign of these kings is not known.It is supposed to have been about the beginning of the Christian era.]
reign - reinado, reinar
[Footnote 65: The modern country of Tailangam, which is to the South ofRajamundry.]
ofRajamundry - eRajamundry
[Footnote 66: Supposed to be a tract of the country to the south ofMalwa.]
tract - tracto; extensión
ofMalwa - eMalwa
[Footnote 67: Now known by the name of Berar. Its capital wasKundinpura, which has been identified with the modern Oomravati.]
wasKundinpura - Kundinpura
[Footnote 68: Also called Aparantakas, being the northern and southernConcan.]
southernConcan - SouthConcan
[Footnote 69: The modern provinces of Katteeawar. Its capital was calledGirinaguda, or the modern Junagurh.]
calledGirinaguda - Se llama Girinaguda
[Footnote 70: These are Lust, Anger, Avarice, Spiritual Ignorance,Pride, and Envy.]
spiritual - espiritual, espiritual
envy - envidia, pelusa, envidiar
ABOUT THE WOMEN OF THE ROYAL HAREM; AND OF THE KEEPING OF ONE'S OWNWIFE.
The women of the royal harem cannot see or meet any men on account oftheir being strictly guarded, neither do they have their desiressatisfied, because their only husband is common to many wives. For thisreason among themselves they give pleasure to each other in various waysas now described.
strictly - estrictamente, terminantemente
desiressatisfied - Deseos satisfechos
thisreason - esta razón
give pleasure - dar placer
waysas - maneras
Having dressed the daughters of their nurses, or their female friends,or their female attendants, like men, they accomplish their object bymeans of bulbs, roots, and fruits having the form of the Lingam, or theylie down upon the statue of a male figure, in which the Lingam isvisible and erect.
bulbs - bombillas; bulbo
roots - raíces; raíz
theylie - Ellos
isvisible - es visible
Some Kings, who are compassionate, take or apply certain medicines toenable them to enjoy many wives in one night, simply for the purpose ofsatisfying the desire of their women, though they perhaps have no desireof their own. Others enjoy with great affection only those wives thatthey particularly like, while others only take them according as theturn of each wife arrives in due course.
compassionate - compasivo
toenable - activar
ofsatisfying - e la satisfacción
theturn - la vuelta
Such are the ways of enjoymentprevalent in Eastern countries, and what is said about the means ofenjoyment of the female is also applicable to the male.
enjoymentprevalent - disfrute prevalente
By means of their female attendants the ladies of the royal haremgenerally get men into their apartments in the disguise or dress ofwomen. Their female attendants, and the daughters of their nurses, whoare acquainted with their secrets, should exert themselves to get men tocome to the harem in this way by telling them of the good fortuneattending it, and by describing the facilities of entering and leavingthe palace, the large size of the premises, the carelessness of thesentinels, and the irregularities of the attendants about the persons ofthe royal wives.
haremgenerally - En general
fortuneattending - atendiendo a la fortuna
leavingthe - dejando el
large size - tamano grande
premises - ocales; premisa
carelessness - descuido, imprudencia, negligencia, dejadez
thesentinels - losentinelas
irregularities - irregularidades; irregularidad
But these women should never induce a man to enter theharem by telling him falsehoods, for that would probably lead to hisdestruction.
falsehoods - falsedades; falsedad
hisdestruction - su destrucción
As for the man himself, he had better not enter a royal harem, eventhough it may be easily accessible, on account of the numerous disastersto which he may be exposed there. If however he wants to enter it, heshould first ascertain whether there is an easy way to get out, whetherit is closely surrounded by the pleasure garden, whether it has separateenclosures belonging to it, whether the sentinels are careless, whetherthe King has gone abroad, and then, when he is called by the women ofthe harem, he should carefully observe the localities, and enter by theway pointed out by them.
numerous - numerosos; numeroso
disastersto - desastres
exposed - expuesto; exponer, revelar, descubrir, exhibir
whetherit - Si
separateenclosures - recintos separados
sentinels - centinelas; guarda, centinela
whetherthe - Si
localities - localidades; vecindario, vecindarios, localidad
theway - El camino
If he is able to manage it, he should hangabout the harem every day, and, under some pretext or other, makefriends with the sentinels, and show himself attached to the femaleattendants of the harem, who may have become acquainted with his design,and to whom he should express his regret at not being able to obtain theobject of his desire. Lastly he should cause the whole business of ago-between to be done by the woman who may have access to the harem, andhe should be careful to be able to recognize the emissaries of the King.
hangabout - pasar el rato
makefriends - hacer amigos
regret - lamentar, pena, pesar, arrepentimiento
andhe - Y él
When a go-between has no access to the harem, then the man should standin some place where the lady, whom he loves, and whom he is anxious toenjoy, can be seen.
toenjoy - Disfrutar
If that place is occupied by the King's sentinels, he should thendisguise himself as a female attendant of the lady who comes to theplace, or passes by it. When she looks at him he should let her know hisfeelings by outward signs and gestures, and should show her pictures,things with double meanings, chaplets of flowers, and rings. He shouldcarefully mark the answer she gives, whether by word or by sign, or bygesture, and should then try and get into the harem.
occupied - ocupado; ocupar
thendisguise - eldisfraz
theplace - el lugar
passes by - pasar al lado
hisfeelings - Sus sentimientos
shouldcarefully - debería
by word - por palabra
bygesture - ygesture
If he is certain ofher coming to some particular place he should conceal himself there, andat the appointed time should enter along with her as one of the guards.He may also go in and out, concealed in a folded bed, or bed covering,or with his body made invisible,[71] by means of external applications,a receipt for one of which is as follows:
conceal - esconder, ocultar
appointed time - hora indicada
invisible - invisible
The heart of an ichneumon, the fruit of the long gourd (Tumbi), and theeyes of the serpent, should all be burnt without letting out the smoke,the ashes should then be ground and mixed in equal quantities withwater. By putting this mixture upon the eyes a man can go about unseen.
ichneumon - meloncillo
theeyes - los ojos
serpent - serpiente
letting out - dejar salir, soltar, liberar
ashes - cenizas; ceniza
withwater - con agua
unseen - No se ve
Other means of invisibility are prescribed by Duyana Brahmans andJogashiras.
invisibility - invisibilidad
prescribed - prescrito; prescribir, recetar, ordenar
andJogashiras - Jogashiras
Again the man may enter the harem during the festival of the eight moonin the month of Nargashirsha, and during the moonlight festivals whenthe female attendants of the harem are all busily occupied, or inconfusion.
moonin - oonin
busily - Ocupado
inconfusion - Inconfusión
The following principles are laid down on this subject.
The entrance of young men into harems, and their exit from them,generally take place when things are being brought into the palace, orwhen things are being taken out of it, or when drinking festivals aregoing on, or when the female attendants are in a hurry, or when theresidence of some of the royal ladies is being changed, or when theKing's wives go to gardens, or to fairs, or when they enter the palaceon their return from them; or, lastly, when the King is absent on a longpilgrimage.
harems - harenes; harén
exit - salir; salida
aregoing - Vamos
theresidence - la residencia
is absent - está ausente
longpilgrimage - larga peregrinación
The women of the royal harem know each other's secrets, andhaving but one object to attain, they give assistance to each other. Ayoung man, who enjoys all of them, and who is common to them all, cancontinue enjoying his union with them so long as it is kept quiet, andis not known abroad.
cancontinue - continuar
andis - ndis
Now in the country of the Aparatakas the royal ladies are not wellprotected, and consequently many young men are passed into the harem bythe women who have access to the royal palaces. The wives of the King ofthe Ahira country accomplish their objects with those sentinels in theharem who bear the name of Kashtriyas. The royal ladies in the countryof the Vatsagulmas cause such men as are suitable to enter into theharem along with their female messengers. In the country of theVaidarbhas the sons of the royal ladies enter the royal harem when theyplease, and enjoy the women, with the exception of their own mothers. Inthe Stri-rajya the wives of the King are enjoyed by his caste fellowsand relations.
wellprotected - Bien protegido
countryof - país de
theVaidarbhas - osVaidarbhas
theyplease - por favor
fellowsand - Companeros
In the Ganda country the royal wives are enjoyed byBrahmans, friends, servants, and slaves. In the Samdhava country,servants, foster children, and other persons like them enjoy the womenof the harem. In the country of the Haimavatas adventurous citizensbribe the sentinels and enter the harem. In the country of the Vanyasand the Kalmyas, Brahmans, with the knowledge of the King, enter theharem under the pretence of giving flowers to the ladies, and speak withthem from behind a curtain, and from such conversation union afterwardstakes place. Lastly, the women in the harem of the King of the Prachyasconceal one young man in the harem for every batch of nine or ten of thewomen.
byBrahmans - yBrahmans
foster - acoger, criar
adventurous - intrépido, aventurero, aventurado, arriesgado
citizensbribe - ciudadanobribe
afterwardstakes - después
batch - hornada; lote
thewomen - las mujeres
Thus act the wives of others.
For these reasons a man should guard his own wife.
Old authors say thata King should select for sentinels in his harem such men as have theirfreedom from carnal desires well tested. But such men, though freethemselves from carnal desire, by reason of their fear or avarice, maycause other persons to enter the harem, and therefore Gonikaputra says,that Kings should place such men in the harem as may have had theirfreedom from carnal desires, their fears, and their avarice well tested.Lastly, Vatsyayana says that under the influence of Dharma[72] peoplemight be admitted, and therefore men should be selected who are freefrom carnal desires, fear, avarice, and Dharma.[73]
theirfreedom - su libertad
carnal - carnales; carnal, sexual, concupiscente, libidinoso, terrenal
freethemselves - se liberan
maycause - puede ser
peoplemight - la gente podría
selected - seleccionado; selecto, seleccionar
freefrom - Gratis
The followers of Babhravya say that a man should cause his wife toassociate with a young woman who would tell him the secrets of otherpeople, and thus find out from her about his wife's chastity. ButVatsyayana says, that as wicked persons are always successful withwomen, a man should not cause his innocent wife to be corrupted bybringing her into the company of a deceitful woman.
toassociate - asociarse
withwomen - con las mujeres
corrupted - corrompido; corrupto, corromper
bybringing - por traer
The following are the causes of the destruction of a woman's chastity:
Always going into society, and sitting in company.
Absence of restraint.
The loose habits of her husband.
Want of caution in her relations with other men.
Continued and long absence of her husband.
Living in a foreign country.
Destruction of her love and feelings by her husband.
The company of loose women.
The jealousy of her husband.
There are also the following verses on the subject.
"A clever man, learning from the Shastras the ways of winning over thewives of other people, is never deceived in the case of his own wives.No one, however, should make use of these ways for seducing the wives ofothers, because they do not always succeed, and, moreover, often causedisasters, and the destruction of Dharma and Artha. This book, which isintended for the good of the people, and to teach them the ways ofguarding their own wives, should not be made use of merely for gainingover the wives of others.
deceived - enganado; enganar, decebir
causedisasters - causaron desastres
isintended - se pretende
ofguarding - e vigilancia
gainingover - Ganando
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 71: The way to make oneself invisible; the knowledge of theart of transmigration, or changing ourselves or others into any shape orform by the use of charms and spells; the power of being in two placesat once, and other occult sciences are frequently referred to in allOriental literature.]
oneself - sí mismo, uno mismo
orform - rma
placesat - Lugares
occult - oculto, ocultismo
allOriental - todoOriental
[Footnote 72: This may be considered as meaning religious influence, andalludes to persons who may be gained over by that means.]
andalludes - y aludes
[Footnote 73: It may be noted from the above remarks that eunuchs do notappear to have been employed in the King's harem in those days, thoughthey seem to have been employed for other purposes. See Part II., page43.]
remarks - observaciones; observación, comentario
notappear - no aparecer
=END OF PART V.=
ABOUT COURTESANS.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
This Part VI., about courtesans, was prepared by Vatsyayana, from atreatise on the subject, that was written by Dattaka, for the women ofPataliputra (the modern Patna), some two thousand years ago. Dattaka'swork does not appear to be extant now, but this abridgement of it isvery clever, and quite equal to any of the productions of Emile Zola,and other writers of the realistic school of to-day.
atreatise - tratar
ofPataliputra - ePataliputra
swork - Trabajar
abridgement - Abstracción
Although a great deal has been written on the subject of the courtesan,nowhere will be found a better description of her, of her belongings, ofher ideas, and of the working of her mind, than is contained in thefollowing pages.
belongings - Pertenencia
thefollowing - lo siguiente
The details of the domestic and social life of the early Hindoos wouldnot be complete without mention of the courtesan, and Part VI. isentirely devoted to this subject. The Hindoos have ever had the goodsense to recognise courtesans as a part and portion of human society,and so long as they behaved themselves with decency and propriety, theywere regarded with a certain respect.
isentirely - es verdad
goodsense - Goodense
recognise - Reconoces
decency - decencia
propriety - aptitud, propiedad
theywere - lo eran
regarded - considerado; considerar
Anyhow, they have never beentreated in the East with that brutality and contempt so common in theWest, while their education has always been of a superior kind to thatbestowed upon the rest of womankind in Oriental countries.
beentreated - Serán tratados
brutality - brutalidad
theWest - Occidente
thatbestowed - que otorgó
In the earlier days the well-educated Hindoo dancing girl and courtesandoubtless resembled the Hetera of the Greeks, and being educated andamusing, were far more acceptable as companions than the generality ofthe married or unmarried women of that period. At all times and in allcountries, there has ever been a little rivalry between the chaste andthe unchaste.
courtesandoubtless - Cortesía
resembled - se parecía; asemejar
andamusing - y divertido
acceptable - aceptable, asumible
generality - Generalidad
unmarried - soltero; (unmarry); soltero
allcountries - todos los países
rivalry - rivalidad
But while some women are born courtesans, and follow theinstincts of their nature in every class of society, it has been trulysaid by some authors that every woman has got an inkling of theprofession in her nature, and does her best, as a general rule, to makeherself agreeable to the male sex.
theinstincts - los instintos
trulysaid - De verdad
inkling - un indicio; idea, sospecha
theprofession - la profesión
makeherself - Hacerse a sí mismo
The subtlety of women, their wonderful perceptive powers, theirknowledge, and their intuitive appreciation of men and things, are allshown in the following pages, which may be looked upon as a concentratedessence that has been since worked up into detail by many writers inevery quarter of the globe.
subtlety - delicadeza, sutileza
perceptive - perceptivo; perspicaz
theirknowledge - su conocimiento
intuitive - intuitivo
allshown - Todos
concentratedessence - esencia concentrada
inevery - inevitable
globe - globo, globo terráqueo
OF THE CAUSES OF A COURTESAN RESORTING TO MEN; OF THE MEANS OF ATTACHINGTO HERSELF THE MAN DESIRED; AND OF THE KIND OF MAN THAT IT IS DESIRABLETO BE ACQUAINTED WITH.
By having intercourse with men courtesans obtain sexual pleasure, aswell as their own maintenance. Now when a courtesan takes up with a manfrom love, the action is natural; but when she resorts to him for thepurpose of getting money, her action is artificial or forced. Even inthe latter case, however, she should conduct herself as if her love wereindeed natural, because men repose their confidence on those women whoapparently love them.
sexual pleasure - placer sexual
maintenance - mantenimiento
wereindeed - verdad
repose - reposo
whoapparently - quién
In making known her love to the man she shouldshow an entire freedom from avarice, and for the sake of her futurecredit she should abstain from acquiring money from him by unlawfulmeans.
making known - dar a conocer
freedom - libertad
futurecredit - futurocrédito
unlawfulmeans - Ilegal
A courtesan, well dressed and wearing her ornaments, should sit or standat the door of her house, and without exposing herself too much, shouldlook on the public road so as to be seen by the passers by, she beinglike an object on view for sale.
standat - tandat
exposing - Exposiciones
shouldlook - Debería mirar
public road - vía pública
beinglike - Ser como
[74] She should form friendships withsuch persons as would enable her to separate men from other women, andattach them to herself, and repair her own misfortunes, to acquirewealth, and to protect her from being bullied, or set upon by personswith whom she may have dealings of some kind or another.
withsuch - con eso
enable - permitir; habilitar, posibilitar, activar
andattach - ?adjuntar
misfortunes - desgracias; infortunio, gafe, mala suerte, desgracia
acquirewealth - Adquirir riqueza
bullied - cosado; bravucón, abusón, matón, abusador
personswith - con quién
dealings - tratando
These persons are:
The guards of the town, or the police.
The officers of the courts of justice.
justice - justicia, justedad, justeza, justicia
Astrologers.
Powerful men, or men with interest.
Learned men.
Teachers of the sixty-four arts.
Pithamardas or confidants.
confidants - confidente
Vitas or parasites.
parasites - parásitos; parásito
Vidushakas or jesters.
Flower sellers.
Perfumers.
Perfumers - perfumistas; perfumista
Vendors of spirits.
vendors - vendedores; vendedor, vendedora
Washermen.
Barbers.
Beggars.
And such other persons as may be found necessary for the particularobject to be acquired.
particularobject - objeto concreto
The following kinds of men may be taken up with simply for the purposeof getting their money.
purposeof - para qué
Men of independent income.
Young men.
Men who are free from any ties.
Men who hold places of authority under the King.
Men who have secured their means of livelihood without difficulty.
Men possessed of unfailing sources of income.
unfailing - infalible; indefectible, constante
Men who consider themselves handsome.
Men who are always praising themselves.
One who is an eunuch, but wishes to be thought a man.
One who hates his equals.
One who is naturally liberal.
One who has influence with the King or his ministers.
One who is always fortunate.
One who is proud of his wealth.
One who disobeys the orders of his elders.
disobeys - desobedecer, desacatar, insubordinarse, indisciplinarse
One upon whom the members of his caste keep an eye.
The only son whose father is wealthy.
An ascetic who is internally troubled with desire.
internally - internamente, interiormente
A brave man.
A physician of the King.
physician - médico, médica, facultativo
Previous acquaintance.
On the other hand, those who are possessed of excellent qualities are tobe resorted to for the sake of love, and fame. Such men are as follows:
fame - fama
Such are the good qualities of a man.
The woman also should have the following characteristics, viz.:
She should be possessed of beauty, and amiability, with auspicious bodymarks. She should have a liking for good qualities in other people, asalso a liking for wealth. She should take delight in sexual unionsresulting from love, and should be of a firm mind, and of the same classas the man with regard to sexual enjoyment.
amiability - amabilidad, afabilidad
bodymarks - marcas corporales
unionsresulting - indicatos
classas - lassas
She should always be anxious to acquire and obtain experience andknowledge, be free from avarice, and always have a liking for socialgatherings, and for the arts.
be anxious - estar ansioso
andknowledge - y el conocimiento
socialgatherings - reuniones sociales
The following are the ordinary qualities of all women, viz.:
The faults of the women are to be known by the absence of any of theabove mentioned good qualities.
The following kinds of men are not fit to be resorted to by courtesans,viz.:
Ancient authors are of opinion that the causes of a courtesan resortingto men are love, fear, money, pleasure, returning some act of enmity,curiosity, sorrow, constant intercourse, Dharma, celebrity, compassion,the desire of having a friend, shame, the likeness of the man to somebeloved person, the search after good fortune, the getting rid of thelove of somebody else, the being of the same class as the man withrespect to sexual union, living in the same place, constancy, andpoverty.
resortingto - Recurrir
likeness - semejanza; retrato, trasunto
somebeloved - alguien querido
search after - buscar después
thelove - el amor
withrespect - con respeto
constancy - constancia, constancia
andpoverty - la pobreza
But Vatsyayana decides that desire of wealth, freedom frommisfortune, and love, are the only causes that affect the union ofcourtesans with men.
frommisfortune - e la desgracia
ofcourtesans - fcourtesans
Now a courtesan should not sacrifice money to her love, because money isthe chief thing to be attended to. But in cases of fear, etc., sheshould pay regard to strength and other qualities. Moreover, even thoughshe be invited by any man to join him, she should not at once consent toan union, because men are apt to despise things which are easilyacquired. On such occasions she should first send the shampooers, andthe singers, and the jesters, who may be in her service, or, in theirabsence the Pithamardas, or confidants, and others, to find out thestate of his feelings, and the condition of his mind.
isthe - es el
thoughshe - unque ella.
apt - apto; susceptible de, propenso a
easilyacquired - se adquiere fácilmente
theirabsence - Su ausencia
thestate - el estado
By means of thesepersons she should ascertain whether the man is pure or impure,affected, or the reverse, capable of attachment, or indifferent, liberalor niggardly; and if she finds him to her liking, she should thenemploy the Vita and others to attach his mind to her.
thesepersons - estas personas
impure - impuro
niggardly - malicioso
thenemploy - emplear
Accordingly, the Pithamarda should bring the man to her house, under thepretence of seeing the fights of quails, cocks, and rams, of hearing themaina (a kind of starling) talk, or of seeing some other spectacle, orthe practice of some art; or he may take the woman to the abode of theman. After this, when the man comes to her house the woman should givehim something capable of producing curiosity, and love in his heart,such as an affectionate present, telling him that it was speciallydesigned for his use.
thepretence - la interpretación
themaina - temaina
starling - estornino
spectacle - espectáculo, papelón
givehim - Darle
speciallydesigned - especialmente disenado
She should also amuse him for a long time bytelling him such stories, and doing such things as he may take mostdelight in. When he goes away she should frequently send to him a femaleattendant, skilled in carrying on a jesting conversation, and also asmall present at the same time. She should also sometimes go to himherself under the pretence of some business, and accompanied by thePithamarda.
mostdelight - másdelight
femaleattendant - Asistente femenina
jesting - Bromeando; (jest) Bromeando
asmall - Pequeno
himherself - Él mismo
thePithamarda - laPithamarda
Thus end the means of attaching to herself the man desired.
There are also some verses on the subject as follows:
"When a lover comes to her abode, a courtesan should give him a mixtureof betel leaves and betel nut, garlands of flowers, and perfumedointments, and, showing her skill in arts, should entertain him with along conversation. She should also give him some loving presents, andmake an exchange of her own things with his, and at the same time shouldshow him her skill in sexual enjoyment.
perfumedointments - perfumes
When a courtesan is thus unitedwith her lover she should always delight him by affectionate gifts, byconversation, and by the application of tender means of enjoyment."
unitedwith - unida con
byconversation - por conversación
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 74: In England the lower classes of courtesans walk thestreets; in India and other places in the East they sit at the windows,or at the doors of their houses.]
lower classes - las clases bajas
thestreets - las calles
OF LIVING LIKE A WIFE.
When a courtesan is living as a wife with her lover, she should behavelike a chaste woman, and do everything to his satisfaction. Her duty inthis respect, in short, is, that she should give him pleasure, butshould not become attached to him, though behaving as if she were reallyattached.
behavelike - comportarse
reallyattached - De verdad
Now the following is the manner in which she is to conduct herself, soas to accomplish the above mentioned purpose. She should have a motherdependent on her, one who should be represented as very harsh, and wholooked upon money as her chief object in life. In the event of therebeing no mother, then an old and confidential nurse should play the samerole.
motherdependent - dependiente de la madre
wholooked - Whoolooked
therebeing - ser
The mother or nurse, on their part, should appear to be displeasedwith the lover, and forcibly take her away from him. The woman herselfshould always show pretended anger, dejection, fear, and shame on thisaccount, but should not disobey the mother or nurse at any time.
displeasedwith - Disgustado
herselfshould - debería
dejection - abatimiento, desaliento, desánimo
thisaccount - esta cuenta
disobey - desobedecer, desacatar, insubordinarse, indisciplinarse
She should make out to the mother or nurse that the man is sufferingfrom bad health, and making this a pretext for going to see him, sheshould go on that account. She is, moreover, to do the following thingsfor the purpose of gaining the man's favour, viz.:
sufferingfrom - Sufriendo
When the man sets out on a journey, she should make him swear that hewill return quickly, and in his absence should put aside her vows ofworshipping the Deity, and should wear no ornaments except those thatare lucky. If the time fixed for his return has passed, she shouldendeavour to ascertain the real time of his return from omens, from thereports of the people, and from the positions of the planets, the moonand the stars.
swear - jurar
hewill - Lo hará
ofworshipping - e adoración
shouldendeavour - debe esforzarse
thereports - puertos
On occasions of amusement, and of auspicious dreams, sheshould say "Let me be soon united to him." If, moreover, she feelsmelancholy, or sees any inauspicious omen, she should perform some riteto appease the Deity.
feelsmelancholy - siente melancolía
appease - apaciguar, calmar, aplacar
When the man does return home she should worship the God Kama (_i.e._,the Indian Cupid), and offer oblations to other Deities, and havingcaused a pot filled with water to be brought by her friends, she shouldperform the worship in honour of the crow who eats the offerings whichwe make to the manes of deceased relations.
Cupid - Cupido
oblations - oblación
havingcaused - Haber causado
offerings - ofertas; ofrecimiento
whichwe - cuál
manes - manos; crin, melena
deceased - fallecido; fallecimiento, deceso, óbito, defunción, fallecer
After the first visit isover she should ask her lover also to perform certain rites, and this hewill do if he is sufficiently attached to her.
rites - itos; rito
Now a man is said to be sufficiently attached to a woman when his loveis disinterested; when he has the same object in view as his belovedone; when he is quite free from any suspicions on her account; and whenhe is indifferent to money with regard to her.
loveis - Amor
disinterested - desinteresado; desinterés
belovedone - Querido
whenhe - Cuándo
Such is the manner of a courtesan living with a man like a wife, and setforth here for the sake of guidance from the rules of Dattaka. What isnot laid down here should be practised according to the custom of thepeople, and the nature of each individual man.
setforth - Preparado
guidance - dirección, orientación, consejo
isnot - No
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"The extent of the love of women is not known, even to those who are theobjects of their affection, on account of its subtlety, and on accountof the avarice, and natural intelligence of womankind."
extent - en qué medida; extensión
theobjects - los objetos
accountof - cuentas
"Women are hardly ever known in their true light, though they may lovemen, or become indifferent towards them; may give them delight, orabandon them; or may extract from them all the wealth that they maypossess."
lovemen - amantes
orabandon - oabandonar
extract - extracto, fragmento, pasaje, extraer, sacar
maypossess - puede poseer
OF THE MEANS OF GETTING MONEY. OF THE SIGNS OF THE CHANGE OF A LOVER'SFEELINGS, AND OF THE WAY TO GET RID OF HIM.
Money is got out of a lover in two ways, viz.:
By natural or lawful means, and by artifices. Old authors are of opinionthat when a courtesan can get as much money as she wants from her lover,she should not make use of artifice. But Vatsyayana lays down thatthough she may get some money from him by natural means, yet when shemakes use of artifice he gives her doubly more, and therefore artificeshould be resorted to for the purpose of extorting money from him at allevents.
opinionthat - Opinión que
thatthough - Aunque
shemakes - hace
artificeshould - debería
extorting - extorsionando; extorsionar
allevents - allevantes
Now the artifices to be used for getting money from her lover are asfollows:
artifices - artificios; artificio
1st. Taking money from him on different occasions, for the purpose ofpurchasing various articles, such as ornaments, food, drink, flowers,perfumes and cloths, and either not buying them, or getting from himmore than their cost.
ofpurchasing - e compra
himmore - Más
2nd. Praising his intelligence to his face.
3rd. Pretending to be obliged to make gifts on occasion of festivalsconnected with vows, trees, gardens, temples, or tanks.[75]
be obliged - estar obligado
festivalsconnected - festivalesconectados
tanks - tanques; tanque, depósito
4th. Pretending that at the time of going to his house, her jewels havebeen stolen either by the King's guards, or by robbers.
5th. Alleging that her property has been destroyed by fire, by thefalling of her house, or by the carelessness of her servants.
alleging - alegando; alegar
thefalling - la caída
6th. Pretending to have lost the ornaments of her lover along with herown.
7th. Causing him to hear through other people of the expenses incurredby her in coming to see him.
incurredby - Incurrido
8th. Contracting debts for the sake of her lover.
contracting - contratación; contraer
debts - deudas; deuda, pufo
9th. Disputing with her mother on account of some expense incurred byher for her lover, and which was not approved of by her mother.
disputing - discutiendo; disputa, contencioso
incurred - incurrido; incurrir
approved - aprobado; aprobar; tener un buen concepto de
10th. Not going to parties and festivities in the houses of her friendsfor the want of presents to make to them, she having previously informedher lover of the valuable presents given to her by these very friends.
festivities - festejos; festividad
friendsfor - Amigos
informedher - Informher
11th. Not performing certain festive rites under the pretence that shehas no money to perform them with.
12th. Engaging artists to do something for her lover.
engaging - atractivo; atraer, trabar conversación con, trabar batalla
13th. Entertaining physicians and ministers for the purpose of attainingsome object.
physicians - médicos; médico, médica, facultativo
attainingsome - alguno
14th. Assisting friends and benefactors both on festive occasions, andin misfortune.
benefactors - enefactores; bienhechor, benefactor
misfortune - infortunio, gafe, mala suerte, desgracia
15th. Performing household rites.
16th. Having to pay the expenses of the ceremony of marriage of the sonof a female friend.
17th. Having to satisfy curious wishes during her state of pregnancy.
pregnancy - embarazo, gravidez
18th. Pretending to be ill, and charging her cost of treatment.
19th. Having to remove the troubles of a friend.
20th. Selling some of her ornaments, so as to give her lover a present.
21st. Pretending to sell some of her ornaments, furniture, or cookingutensils to a trader, who has been already tutored how to behave in thematter.
cookingutensils - utensilios de cocina
tutored - tutelado; tutor
22nd. Having to buy cooking utensils of greater value than those ofother people, so that they might be more easily distinguished, and notchanged for others of an inferior description.
utensils - utensilios; utensilio
ofother - Otro
23rd. Remembering the former favours of her lover, and causing themalways to be spoken of by her friends and followers.
themalways - siempre
24th. Informing her lover of the great gains of other courtezans.
informing - informar
25th. Describing before them, and in the presence of her lover, her owngreat gains, and making them out to be greater even than theirs, thoughsuch may not have been really the case.
owngreat - Genial
thoughsuch - aunque
26th. Openly opposing her mother when she endeavours to persuade her totake up with men with whom she has been formerly acquainted, on accountof the great gains to be got from them.
opposing - oponiéndose; oponer
27th. Lastly, pointing out to her lover the liberality of his rivals.
Thus end the ways and means of getting money.
* * * * *
A woman should always know the state of the mind, of the feelings, andof the disposition of her lover towards her, from the changes of histemper, his manner, and the colour of his face.
histemper - Histémper
The behaviour of a waning lover is as follows:
waning - Disminuyendo; (wan) Disminuyendo
1st. He gives the woman either less than is wanted, or something elsethan that which is asked for.
2nd. He keeps her in hopes by promises.
3rd. He pretends to do one thing, and does something else.
4th. He does not fulfil her desires.
fulfil - cumplir
5th. He forgets his promises, or does something else than that which hehas promised.
hehas - tiene
6th. He speaks with his own servants in a mysterious way.
mysterious - misterioso
7th. He sleeps in some other house under the pretence of having to dosomething for a friend.
dosomething - Dosalgo
8th. Lastly, he speaks in private with the attendants of a woman withwhom he was formerly acquainted.
withwhom - con quién
The means of getting rid of a lover are as follows:
1st. Describing the habits and vices of the lover as disagreeable andcensurable, with the sneer of the lip, and the stamp of the foot.
vices - icios; torno de banco
andcensurable - censurable
2nd. Speaking on a subject with which he is not acquainted.
3rd. Showing no admiration for his learning, and passing a censure uponit.
admiration - admiración
censure - censura
uponit - sobre ella
4th. Putting down his pride.
5th. Seeking the company of men who are superior to him in learning andwisdom.
6th. Showing a disregard for him on all occasions.
7th. Censuring men possessed of the same faults as her lover.
censuring - censura
8th. Expressing dissatisfaction at the ways and means of enjoyment usedby him.
dissatisfaction - insatisfacción; descontento, malcontento, disgusto, malestar
usedby - usado por
9th. Not giving him her mouth to kiss.
10th. Refusing access to her Jaghana, _i.e._, the part of the bodybetween the navel and the thighs.
refusing - te niegas; negarse (a)
bodybetween - Cuerpo intermedio
11th. Showing a dislike for the wounds made by his nails and teeth.
wounds - Herida
12th. Not pressing close up against him at the time when he embracesher.
embracesher - la abraza
13th. Keeping her limbs without movement at the time of congress.
limbs - miembros; miembro
14th. Desiring him to employ her when he is fatigued.
desiring - deseando; desear, deseo, gana
15th. Laughing at his attachment to her.
16th. Not responding to his embraces.
17th. Turning away from him when he begins to embrace her.
18th. Pretending to be sleepy.
19th. Going out visiting, or into company, when she perceives his desireto enjoy her during the day time.
desireto - desea
20th. Mis-constructing his words.
21st. Laughing without any joke, or at the time of any joke made by him,laughing under some pretence.
22nd. Looking with side glances at her own attendants, and clapping herhands when he says anything.
side glances - Mirada de reojo, mirada furtiva
23rd. Interrupting him in the middle of his stories, and beginning totell other stories herself.
interrupting - interrumpiendo; interrumpir, interrupción
24th. Reciting his faults and his vices, and declaring them to beincurable.
reciting - Recitar
declaring - declarando; explicar, aclarar, declarar
beincurable - erincurable
25th. Saying words to her female attendants calculated to cut the heartof her lover to the quick.
calculated - calculado; calcular
26th. Taking care not to look at him when he comes to her.
27th. Asking him what cannot be granted.
granted - concedido; otorgar, conceder, subvención, beca, patrocinio
28th. And, after all, finally dismissing him.
dismissing - despidiendo; despedir, echar, disipar, rechazar, expulsar
There are also two verses on this subject as follows:
"The duty of a courtesan consists in forming connections with suitablemen after due and full consideration, and attaching the person with whomshe is united to herself; in obtaining wealth from the person who isattached to her, and then dismissing him after she has taken away allhis possessions."
suitablemen - adecuados
whomshe - Quién
isattached - está conectado
"A courtesan leading in this manner the life of a wife is not troubledwith too many lovers, and yet obtains abundance of wealth."
troubledwith - con problemas
abundance - abundancia
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 75: On the completion of a vow a festival takes place. Sometrees such as the Peepul and Banyan trees, are invested with sacredthreads like the Brahman's, and on the occasion of this ceremony afestival is given. In the same way when gardens are made, and tanks ortemples built, then also festivals are observed.]
vow - voto, manda, promesa
Banyan - panish: t-needed
sacredthreads - hilos sagrados
afestival - festival
ortemples - o templos
ABOUT RE-UNION WITH A FORMER LOVER.
When a courtesan abandons her present lover after all his wealth isexhausted, she may then consider about her re-union with a former lover.But she should return to him only if he has acquired fresh wealth, or isstill wealthy, and if he is still attached to her. And if this man beliving at the time with some other women she should consider well beforeshe acts.
abandons - abandonar, dejar
isexhausted - se ha agotado
beliving - Creer
beforeshe - Antes
Now such a man can only be in one of the six following conditions, viz.:
1st. He may have left the first woman of his own accord, and may evenhave left another woman since then.
evenhave - incluso tener
2nd. He may have been driven away from both women.
driven away - alejarse en coche; ahuyentar
3rd. He may have left the one woman of his own accord, and be livingwith another woman.
livingwith - Vivir con
5th. He may have been driven away from the one woman, and left the otherof his own accord.
otherof - Otro
6th. He may have been driven away by the one woman, and may be livingwith another.
(1). Now if the man has left both women of his own accord, he should notbe resorted to, on account of the fickleness of his mind, and hisindifference to the excellencies of both of them.
notbe - no
hisindifference - su indiferencia
(2). As regards the man who may have been driven away from both women,if he has been driven away from the last one because the woman could getmore money from some other man, then he should be resorted to, for ifattached to the first woman he would give her more money, through vanityand emulation to spite the other woman.
getmore - Más
ifattached - fattached
spite - rencor
But if he has been driven awayby the woman on account of his poverty, or stinginess, he should notthen be resorted to.
awayby - Alejarse
stinginess - acanería; tacanería
notthen - entonces no
(3). In the case of the man who may have left the one woman of his ownaccord, and been driven away by the other, if he agrees to return to theformer and give her plenty of money beforehand, then he should beresorted to.
ownaccord - Propiaaccord
beforehand - de antemano, anticipadamente, adelantadamente, antes
(4).
In the case of the man who may have left the one woman of his ownaccord, and be living with another woman, the former (wishing to take upwith him again) should first ascertain if he left her in the firstinstance in the hope of finding some particular excellence in the otherwoman, and that not having found any such excellence, he was willing tocome back to her, and to give her much money on account of his conduct,and on account of his affection still existing for her.
upwith - con
excellence - excelencia, prestancia
otherwoman - Otra mujer
Or, whether, having discovered many faults in the other woman, he wouldnow see even more excellences in herself than actually exist, and wouldbe prepared to give her much money for these qualities.
wouldnow - Ahora
excellences - excelencias; excelencia, prestancia
Or, lastly, to consider whether he was a weak man, or a man fond ofenjoying many women, or one who liked a poor woman, or one who never didanything for the woman that he was with. After maturely considering allthese things, she should resort to him or not, according tocircumstances.
ofenjoying - de disfrutar
didanything - Hiciste algo
maturely - con madurez
(5). As regards the man who may have been driven away from the onewoman, and left the other of his own accord, the former woman (wishingto re-unite with him) should first ascertain whether he still has anyaffection for her, and would consequently spend much money upon her; orwhether, being attached to her excellent qualities, he did not takedelight in any other women; or whether, being driven away from herformerly before completely satisfying his sexual desires, he wished toget back to her, so as to be revenged for the injury done to him; orwhether he wished to create confidence in her mind, and then take backfrom her the wealth which she formerly took from him, and finallydestroy her; or, lastly, whether he wished first to separate her fromher present lover, and then to break away from her himself.
onewoman - una mujer
wishingto - desea
anyaffection - Algún afecto
orwhether - O si
takedelight - tomedelight
herformerly - Anteriormente
satisfying - satisfactorio; satisfacer
toget - juntos
revenged - vengarme; venganza
backfrom - Desde dónde
finallydestroy - Destruir por fin
fromher - De ella
break away - separarse, distanciarse
If, afterconsidering all these things, she is of opinion that his intentions arereally pure and honest, she can re-unite herself with him. But if hismind be at all tainted with evil intentions, he should be avoided.
afterconsidering - después de pensarlo
arereally - De verdad
hismind - Su mente
tainted - manchada; echar a perder; contaminar
(6). In the case of the man who may have been driven away by onewoman, and be living with another, if the man makes overtures in returnto the first one, the courtesan should consider well before she acts,and while the other woman is engaged in attracting him to herself, sheshould try in her turn (through keeping herself behind the scenes) togain him over, on the grounds of any of the following considerations,viz.:
returnto - Volver a
1st. That he was driven away unjustly and for no proper reason, and nowthat he has gone to another woman, every effort must be used to bringhim back to myself.
unjustly - injustamente
nowthat - Y ahora qué
bringhim - Traerlo
2nd. That if he were once to converse with me again, he would break awayfrom the other woman.
3rd. That the pride of my present lover would be put down by means ofthe former one.
4th. That he has become wealthy, has secured a higher position, andholds a place of authority under the King.
andholds - Y los hogares
5th. That he is separate from his wife.
6th. That he is now independent.
7th. That he lives apart from his father, or brother.
8th. That by making peace with him I shall be able to get hold of a veryrich man, who is now prevented from coming to me by my present lover.
veryrich - muy rico
9th. That as he is not respected by his wife, I shall now be able toseparate him from her.
toseparate - separar
10th. That the friend of this man loves my rival, who hates mecordially; I shall, therefore, by this means separate the friend fromhis mistress.
mecordially - Mecordialmente
fromhis - De él
11th. And lastly, I shall bring discredit upon him by bringing him backto me, thus showing the fickleness of his mind.
discredit - desacreditar, descreer, descrédito
backto - Atrás
When a courtesan is resolved to take up again with a former lover, herPithamurda and other servants should tell him that his former expulsionfrom the woman's house was caused by the wickedness of her mother; thatthe woman loved him just as much as ever at that time, but could nothelp the occurrence on account of her deference to her mother's will;that she hated the union of her present lover, and disliked himexcessively.
resolved - resuelto; tomar la decisión de, resolver
herPithamurda - suPithamurda
expulsionfrom - expulsión de
wickedness - maldad, perversidad
nothelp - noayudar
deference - deferencia
himexcessively - excesivamente
In addition to this, they should create confidence in hismind by speaking to him of her former love for him, and should allude tothe mark of that love that she has ever remembered. This mark of herlove should be connected with some kind of pleasure that may have beenpractised by him, such as his way of kissing her, or manner of havingconnection with her.
allude - aludir, referirse
beenpractised - se ha practicado
havingconnection - tener conexión
Thus end the ways of bringing about a re-union with a former lover.
When a woman has to choose between two lovers, one of whom was formerlyunited with her, while the other is a stranger, the Acharyas (sages) areof opinion that the first one is preferable, because his disposition andcharacter being already known by previous careful observation, he can beeasily pleased and satisfied; but Vatsyayana thinks that a former lover,having already spent a great deal of his wealth, is not able or willingto give much money again, and is not, therefore, to be relied upon somuch as a stranger.
formerlyunited - antes unidos
sages - sabios; salvia
areof - reof
preferable - preferible
andcharacter - y el carácter
observation - observación, vigilancia; observancia, anotación, registro
beeasily - con abejas
willingto - Dispuesto
relied - remitido; contar con, atenerse
somuch - Cuánto
Particular cases may, however, arise differing fromthis general rule on account of the different natures of men.
differing - diferente; ser distinto
fromthis - De esto
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"Re-union with a former lover may be desirable so as to separate someparticular woman from some particular man, or some particular man fromsome particular woman, or to have a certain effect upon the presentlover."
fromsome - De algunos
presentlover - Presentador
"When a man is excessively attached to a woman, he is afraid of hercoming into contact with other men; he does not then regard or noticeher faults; and he gives her much wealth through fear of her leavinghim."
hercoming - viene
noticeher - Nother
leavinghim - dejarlo
"A courtesan should be agreeable to the man who is attached to her, anddespise the man who does not care for her. If while she is living withone man a messenger comes to her from some other man, she may eitherrefuse to listen to any negotiations on his part, or appoint a fixedtime for him to visit her, but she should not leave the man who may beliving with her and who may be attached to her."
anddespise - despise
eitherrefuse - O bien se niega
negotiations - negociaciones; negociación
appoint - equipar, determinar, fijar, designar, nombrar
fixedtime - tiempo fijo
"A wise woman should only renew her connection with a former lover ifshe is satisfied that good fortune, gain, love, and friendship, arelikely to be the result of such a re-union."
renew - reanudar, renovar, reiniciar, recomenzar
ifshe - Si
arelikely - son probables
OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF GAIN.
When a courtesan is able to realize much money every day, by reason ofmany customers, she should not confine herself to a single lover; undersuch circumstances, she should fix her rate for one night, afterconsidering the place, the season, and the condition of the people, andhaving regard to her own good qualities and good looks, and aftercomparing her rates with those of other courtesans.
customers - clientes; cliente
confine - confinar, encorsetar, confín, raya
undersuch - en virtud de qué
aftercomparing - después de comparar
She can inform herlovers, and friends, and acquaintances about these charges. If, however,she can obtain a great gain from a single lover, she may resort to himalone, and live with him like a wife.
himalone - Él solo
Now, the Sages are of opinion that when a courtesan has the chance of anequal gain from two lovers at the same time, a preference should begiven to the one who would give her the kind of thing which she wants.But Vatsyayana says that the preference should be given to the one whogives her gold, because it cannot be taken back like some other things,it can be easily received, and is also the means of procuring anythingthat may be wished for.
anequal - igual
preference - Preferencia
begiven - Perdonado
whogives - quién da
taken back - recuperar; retira; devolver
anythingthat - Algo de eso
Of such things as gold, silver, copper, bellmetal, iron, pots, furniture, beds, upper garments, under vestments,fragrant substances, vessels made of gourds, ghee, oil, corn, cattle,and other things of a like nature, the first, viz., gold, is superior toall the others.
gourds - calabazas; calabaza, calabacino, bangana
ghee - panish: t-needed
toall - Todos
When the same labour is required to gain any two lovers, or when thesame kind of thing is to be got from each of them, the choice should bemade by the advice of a friend, or it may be made from their personalqualities, or from the signs of good or bad fortune that may beconnected with them.
bemade - Hecho
personalqualities - cualidades personales
beconnected - conectarse
When there are two lovers, one of whom is generous, and the other readyto do any service for the courtesan, some Sages say that the one who isready to do the service should be preferred, but Vatsyayana is ofopinion that a man who does a service thinks that he has gained hisobject when he has done something once, but a generous man does not carefor what he has given before.
readyto - Listo
isready - Está listo
hisobject - Su objeto
Even here the choice should be guided bythe likelihood of the future good to be derived from her union witheither of them.
likelihood - probabilidad, verosimilitud
witheither - con ninguno de los dos
When one of the two lovers is grateful, and the other liberal, someSages say that the liberal one should be preferred, but Vatsyayana is ofopinion that the former should be chosen, because liberal men aregenerally haughty, plain spoken, and wanting in consideration towardsothers. Even though these liberal men have been on friendly terms for along time, yet if they see any fault in the courtesan, or are told liesabout her by some other women, they do not care for past services, butleave abruptly.
someSages - algunosSabios
aregenerally - generalmente
haughty - soberbio, altanero
towardsothers - hacia los demás
liesabout - Mentira
butleave - pero dejar
abruptly - de repente; abruptamente, precipitadamente
On the other hand the grateful man does not at oncebreak off from her, on account of a regard for the pains she may havetaken to please him. In this case also the choice is to be guided withrespect to what may happen in future.
havetaken - ha tomado
When an occasion for complying with the request of a friend, and achance of getting money come together, the Sages say that the chance ofgetting money should be preferred. But Vatsyayana thinks that the moneycan be obtained to-morrow as well as to-day, but if the request of afriend be not at once complied with, he may become disaffected. Evenhere, in making the choice, regard must be paid to future good fortune.
complying - cumpliendo; cumplir, acceder a, acatar
achance - Posibilidad
ofgetting - e conseguir
moneycan - oneycan
afriend - Amigo
complied - cumplió; cumplir, acceder a, acatar
On such an occasion, however, the courtesan might pacify her friend bypretending to have some work to do, and telling him that his requestwill be complied with next day, and in this way secure the chance ofgetting the money that has been offered her.
bypretending - pretendiendo
requestwill - Solicitarás
When the chance of getting money, and the chance of avoiding somedisaster come at the same time, the Sages are of opinion that the chanceof getting money should be preferred, but Vatsyayana says that money hasonly a limited importance, while a disaster that is once averted maynever occur again. Here, however, the choice should be guided by thegreatness or smallness of the disaster.
somedisaster - algún desastre
chanceof - oportunidad
hasonly - Sólo has
averted - evitado; apartar, evitar
maynever - nunca
thegreatness - la grandeza
smallness - pequenez; pequenez, menudencia
The gains of the wealthiest and best kind of courtesans are to be spentas follows:
wealthiest - los más ricos; adinerado, rico, próspero, acomodado
spentas - pentas
Building temples, tanks, and gardens; giving a thousand cows todifferent Brahmans; carrying on the worship of the Gods, and celebratingfestivals in their honour; and, lastly, performing such vows as may bewithin their means.
celebratingfestivals - celebra festivales
bewithin - dentro
The gains of other courtesans are to be spent as follows:
Having a white dress to wear every day; getting sufficient food anddrink to satisfy hunger and thirst; eating daily a perfumed Tambula,_i.e._, a mixture of betel nut and betel leaves; and wearing ornamentsgilt with gold.
sufficient - suficiente
anddrink - y beber
hunger - hambre
thirst - sed, hambre, ambición, ansias, tener sed, desear
ornamentsgilt - adornos dorados
The Sages say that these represent the gains of all themiddle and lower classes of courtesans, but Vatsyayana is of opinionthat their gains cannot be calculated, or fixed in any way, as thesedepend on the influence of the place, the customs of the people, theirown appearance, and many other things.
themiddle - Medio
thesedepend - dependen
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"In considering her present gains, and her future welfare, a courtesanshould avoid such persons as have gained their means of subsistence withvery great difficulty, as also those who have become selfish andhard-hearted by becoming the favourites of Kings."
courtesanshould - debería la cortesana
subsistence - subsistencia
withvery - Con todo
Selfish - egoísta
andhard - duro
"She should make every endeavour to unite herself with prosperous andwell-to-do people, and with those whom it is dangerous to avoid, or toslight in any way. Even at some cost to herself she should becomeacquainted with energetic and liberal-minded men, who when pleased wouldgive her a large sum of money, even for very little service, or for somesmall thing."
prosperous - róspero; rico
andwell - Y bien
becomeacquainted - Conocerse
energetic - enérgico, energético
wouldgive - daría
sum - suma
somesmall - algo pequeno
OF GAINS AND LOSSES; ATTENDANT GAINS AND LOSSES; AND DOUBTS; AS ALSO OFTHE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COURTESANS.
It sometimes happens that while gains are being sought for, or expectedto be realised, that losses only are the result of our efforts, thecauses of these losses are:
expectedto - lo esperaba
realised - Te das cuenta
thecauses - las causas
Weakness of intellect.
Excessive love.
Excessive pride.
Excessive self conceit.
conceit - engreimiento, vanidad, presunción, ego
Excessive simplicity.
Excessive confidence.
Excessive anger.
Carelessness.
Recklessness.
recklessness - imprudencia; descuido, negligencia, temeridad, osadía
Influence of evil genius.
genius - genio, genia
Accidental circumstances.
The results of these losses are:
Expense incurred without any result.
Destruction of future good fortune.
Stoppage of gains about to be realized.
stoppage - parada, paro, bloqueo
Loss of what is already obtained.
Acquisition of a sour temper.
Becoming unaimiable to every body.
unaimiable - imposible
Injury to health.
Loss of hair and other accidents.
Now gain is of three kinds, viz.: gain of wealth, gain of religiousmerit, and gain of pleasure; and similarly, loss is of three kinds,viz.: loss of wealth, loss of religious merit, and loss of pleasure. Atthe time when gains are sought for, if other gains come along with them,these are called attendant gains. When gain is uncertain, the doubt ofits being a gain is called a simple doubt. When there is a doubtwhether either of two things will happen or not, it is called a mixeddoubt.
religiousmerit - merito religioso
uncertain - incierto
ofits - de ella
doubtwhether - dudas
mixeddoubt - duda mixta
If while one thing is being done two results take place, it iscalled a combination of two results, and if several results follow fromthe same action, it is called a combination of results on every side.
We shall now give examples of the above.
As already stated, gain is of three kinds, and loss, which is opposed togain, is also of three kinds.
(a). When by living with a great man a courtesan acquires presentwealth, and in addition to this becomes acquainted with other people,and thus obtains a chance of future fortune, and an accession of wealth,and becomes desirable to all, this is called a gain of wealth attendedby other gain.
acquires - dquiere; obtener, adquirir
presentwealth - Actualidad
accession - adhesión; ascenso
attendedby - Asistido por
(b). When by living with a man a courtesan simply gets money, this iscalled a gain of wealth not attended by any other gain.
(c). When a courtesan receives money from other people besides herlover, the results are: the chance of the loss of future good from herpresent lover; the chance of disaffection of a man securely attached toher; the hatred of all; and the chance of a union with some low person,tending to destroy her future good. This gain is called a gain of wealthattended by losses.
herpresent - su presente
disaffection - desafección
hatred - odio
wealthattended - iquezaatendida
(d). When a courtesan, at her own expense, and without any results inthe shape of gain, has connected with a great man, or an avariciousminister, for the sake of diverting some misfortune, or removing somecause that may be threatening the destruction of a great gain, this lossis said to be a loss of wealth attended by gains of the future goodwhich it may bring about.
avariciousminister - ministro avaricioso
diverting - desviando; desviar, entretener, distraer
threatening - amenazante; amenazador; (threaten); amenazar
lossis - ossis
goodwhich - Bueno qué
(e). When a courtesan is kind, even at her own expense, to a man who isvery stingy, or to a man proud of his looks, or to an ungrateful manskilled in gaining the heart of others, without any good resulting fromthese connections to her in the end, this loss is called a loss ofwealth not attended by any gain.
stingy - mezquino, tacano, parco, escaso
ungrateful - desagradecido, ingrato, malagradecido
manskilled - Hombre cualificado
fromthese - De estos
ofwealth - e la riqueza
(f). When a courtesan is kind to any such man as described above, butwho in addition are favourites of the King, and moreover cruel andpowerful, without any good result in the end, and with a chance of herbeing turned away at any moment, this loss is called a loss of wealthattended by other losses.
butwho - pero quién
andpowerful - poderoso
herbeing - ser ella
In this way gains and losses, and attendant gains and losses inreligious merit and pleasures may become known to the reader, andcombinations of all of them may also be made.
andcombinations - y las combinaciones
Thus end the remarks on gains and losses, and attendant gains andlosses.
andlosses - y las pérdidas
In the next place we come to doubts, which are again of three kinds,viz.: doubts about wealth, doubts about religious merit, and doubtsabout pleasures.
doubtsabout - Dudas
The following are examples.
(a). When a courtesan is not certain how much a man may give her, orspend upon her, this is called a doubt about wealth.
orspend - o gastar
(b). When a courtesan feels doubtful whether she is right in entirelyabandoning a lover from whom she is unable to get money, she havingtaken all his wealth from him in the first instance, this doubt iscalled a doubt about religious merit.
entirelyabandoning - abandono total
havingtaken - Haber tomado
(c). When a courtesan is unable to get hold of a lover to her liking,and is uncertain whether she will derive any pleasure from a personsurrounded by his family, or from a low person, this is called a doubtabout pleasure.
personsurrounded - personas rodeadas
doubtabout - dudas
(d). When a courtesan is uncertain whether some powerful but lowprincipled fellow would cause loss to her on account of her not beingcivil to him, this is called a doubt about the loss of wealth.
lowprincipled - de bajos principios
beingcivil - ser cívico
(e). When a courtesan feels doubtful whether she would lose religiousmerit by abandoning a man who is attached to her without giving him theslightest favour, and thereby causing him unhappiness in this world andthe next,[76] this doubt is called a doubt about the loss of a religiousmerit.
Abandoning - abandonar, dejar
theslightest - El más ligero
unhappiness - infelicidad
(f). When a courtesan is uncertain as to whether she might createdisaffection by speaking out, and revealing her love and thus not gether desire satisfied, this is called a doubt about the loss of pleasure.
createdisaffection - ha creado un afecto
Thus end the remarks on doubts.
_Mixed Doubts_.
(a). The intercourse or connection with a stranger, whose disposition isunknown, and who may have been introduced by a lover, or by one whopossessed authority, may be productive either of gain or loss, andtherefore this is called a mixed doubt about the gain and loss ofwealth.
isunknown - se desconoce
whopossessed - QUIÉN SE LO DIJO
productive - productivo
andtherefore - y por qué
(b). When a courtesan is requested by a friend, or is impelled by pityto have intercourse with a learned Brahman, a religious student, asacrificer, a devotee, or an ascetic who may have all fallen in lovewith her, and who may be consequently at the point of death, by doingthis she might either gain or lose religious merit, and therefore thisis called a mixed doubt about the gain and loss of religious merit.
impelled - impulsado; impeler, impulsar
asacrificer - Asacrificador
devotee - devoto
lovewith - con amor
doingthis - Haciendo esto
(c). If a courtesan relies solely upon the report of other people (_i.e._,hearsay) about a man, and goes to him without ascertaining herselfwhether he possesses good qualities or not, she may either gain or losepleasure in proportion as he may be good or bad, and therefore this iscalled a mixed doubt about the gain and loss of pleasure.
relies - relatos; contar con, atenerse
solely - únicamente, solamente, exclusivamente
hearsay - rumores, habladurías, pruebas de oídas, testimonio de oídas
ascertaining - comprobación; averiguar, determinar, establecer, definir
herselfwhether - Si
losepleasure - Perder el placer
proportion - proporción
Uddalika has described the gains and losses on both sides as follows.
(a). If, when living with a lover, a courtesan gets both wealth andpleasure from him, it is called a gain on both sides.
(b). When a courtesan lives with a lover at her own expense withoutgetting any profit out of it, and the lover even takes back from herwhat he may have formerly given her, it is called a loss on both sides.
withoutgetting - sin conseguirlo
takes back - recuperar; retira; devolver
herwhat - Qué
(c). When a courtesan is uncertain whether a new acquaintance wouldbecome attached to her, and, moreover, if he became attached to her,whether he would give her any thing, it is then called a doubt on bothsides about gains.
wouldbecome - Se convertiría
(d). When a courtesan is uncertain whether a former enemy, if made up byher at her own expense, would do her some injury on account of hisgrudge against her; or, if becoming attached to her, would take awayangrily from her any thing that he may have given to her, this is calleda doubt on both sides about loss.
hisgrudge - Su rencor
awayangrily - Enfadado
Babhravya has described the gains and losses on both sides as follows.
(a). When a courtesan can get money from a man whom she may go to see,and also money from a man whom she may not go to see, this is called again on both sides.
(b). When a courtesan has to incur further expense if she goes to see aman, and yet runs the risk of incurring an irremediable loss if she doesnot go to see him, this is called a loss on both sides.
incurring - en qué incurre; incurrir
irremediable - irremediable
(c). When a courtesan is uncertain, whether a particular man would giveher anything on her going to see him, without incurring expense on herpart, or whether on her neglecting him another man would give hersomething, this is called a doubt on both sides about gain.
herpart - Su parte
neglecting - descuidando; descuidar, negligir, desoír, hacer caso omiso
hersomething - Su algo
(d.) When a courtesan is uncertain, whether, on going at her own expenseto see an old enemy, he would take back from her what he may have givenher, or whether by her not going to see him he would cause some disasterto fall upon her, this is called a doubt on both sides about loss.
expenseto - Gastos
givenher - Le diste
disasterto - Desastre
By combining the above, the following six kinds of mixed results areproduced, viz.:
areproduced - se producen
(a). Gain on one side, and loss on the other.
(b). Gain on one side, and doubt of gain on the other.
(c). Gain on one side, and doubt of loss on the other.
(d). Loss on one side, and doubt of gain on the other.
(e). Doubt of gain on one side, and doubt of loss on the other.
(f). Doubt of loss on one side, and loss on the other.
A courtesan, having considered all the above things, and taken councilwith her friends, should act so as to acquire gain, the chances of greatgain, and the warding off of any great disaster. Religious merit andpleasure should also be formed into separate combinations like those ofwealth, and then all should be combined with each other, so as to formnew combinations.
councilwith - Consejo
greatgain - gran ganga
warding - Protección; (ward) Protección
formnew - nuevo
When a courtesan consorts with men she should cause each of them to giveher money as well as pleasure. At particular times, such as the SpringFestivals, etc., she should make her mother announce to the various men,that on a certain day her daughter would remain with the man who wouldgratify such and such a desire of hers.
consorts - onsortes; consorte, consorcio
wouldgratify - gratificaría
When young men approach her with delight, she should think of what shemay accomplish through them.
shemay - puede
The combination of gains and losses on all sides are: gain on one side,and loss on all others; loss on one side and gain on all others; gain onall sides, loss on all sides.
onall - Todos
A courtesan should also consider doubts about gain and doubts about losswith reference both to wealth, religious merit, and pleasure.
losswith - pérdida
Thus ends the consideration of gain, loss, attendant gains, attendantlosses, and doubts.
attendantlosses - pérdidas concomitantes
The different kinds of courtesans are:
A bawd.
bawd - Idiota
A female attendant.
An unchaste woman.
A dancing girl.
A female artisan.
Artisan - artesano, menestral
A woman who has left her family.
A woman living on her beauty.
And, finally, a regular courtesan.
All the above kinds of courtesans are acquainted with various kinds ofmen, and should consider the ways of getting money from them, ofpleasing them, of separating themselves from them, and of re-unitingwith them. They should also take into consideration particular gains andlosses, attendant gains and losses, and doubts in accordance with theirseveral conditions.
ofpleasing - e complacer
unitingwith - unirse con
theirseveral - susvarios
Thus end the considerations of courtesans.
There are also two verses on the subject as follows:
"Men want pleasure, while women want money, and therefore this Part,which treats of the means of gaining wealth, should be studied."
"There are some women who seek for love, and there are others who seekfor money; for the former the ways of love are told in previous portionsof this work, while the ways of getting money, as practised bycourtesans, are described in this Part."
seekfor - Buscar
portionsof - Porción de
bycourtesans - ycourtesans
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 76: The souls of men who die with their desires unfulfilledare said to go to the world of the Manes, and not direct to the SupremeSpirit.]
souls - almas; alma, espíritu
unfulfilledare - insatisfechos
=END OF PART VI.=
ABOUT THE MEANS OF ATTRACTING OTHERS TO YOURSELF.
ON PERSONAL ADORNMENT; ON SUBJUGATING THE HEARTS OF OTHERS; AND ON TONICMEDICINES.
When a person fails to obtain the object of his desires by any of theways previously related, he should then have recourse to other ways ofattracting others to himself.
ofattracting - e atraer
Now, good looks, good qualities, youth, and liberality are the chief andmost natural means of making a person agreeable in the eyes of others.But in the absence of these a man or a woman must have resort toartificial means, or to art, and the following are some recipes that maybe found useful.
andmost - y la mayoría
toartificial - artificial
(a). An ointment made of the tabernamontana coronaria, the costusspeciosus or arabicus, and the flacourtia cataphracta, can be used as anunguent of adornment.
cataphracta - Catafracta
anunguent - anuncio
(b). If a fine powder is made of the above plants, and applied to thewick of a lamp, which is made to burn with the oil of blue vitrol, theblack pigment or lamp black produced therefrom, when applied to theeye-lashes, has the effect of making a person look lovely.
theblack - El negro
pigment - pigmento, pigmento, pigmentar
theeye - El ojo
lashes - pestanas; pestana
(c). The oil of the hog weed, the echites putescens, the sarina plant,the yellow amaranth, and the leaf of the nymphæ, if applied to the body,has the same effect.
hog - cerdo, puerco, marrano
weed - mala hierba; (wee) mala hierba
echites - Equitas
(d). A black pigment from the same plants produce a similar effect.
(e). By eating the powder of the nelumbrium speciosum, the blue lotus,and the mesna roxburghii, with ghee and honey, a man becomes lovely inthe eyes of others.
nelumbrium - Nelumbrio
speciosum - peciosum
roxburghii - oxburghii
honey - carino; miel, dulzura, carino, tesoro, cielo
(f). The above things, together with the tabernamontana coronaria, andthe xanthochymus pictorius, if used as an ointment, produce the sameresults.
sameresults - mismos resultados
(g). If the bone of a peacock or of an hyena be covered with gold, andtied on the right hand, it makes a man lovely in the eyes of otherpeople.
hyena - hiena
andtied - Y atado
(h). In the same way, if a bead, made of the seed of the jujube, or ofthe conch shell, be enchanted by the incantations mentioned in theAtharvana Veda, or by the incantations of those well skilled in thescience of magic, and tied on the hand, it produces the same result asdescribed above.
bead - perla; cuenta, gota
jujube - azufaifo, jinjolero, azufaifa, jínjol
conch - caracola, concha, bocina
enchanted - encantado; encantar
theAtharvana - elAtharvana
thescience - la ciencia
asdescribed - cómo se describe
(i). When a female attendant arrives at the age of puberty, her mastershould keep her secluded, and when men ardently desire her on account ofher seclusion, and on account of the difficulty of approaching her, heshould then bestow her hand on such a person as may endow her withwealth and happiness.
mastershould - debería
secluded - Aislarse
approaching - se acerca; acercarse, aproximarse
bestow - otorgar; guardar, estibar, depositar, alojar, acordar, conceder
endow - dotar, costear, financiar, ser bendecido, ser dotado
withwealth - con riqueza
This is a means of increasing the loveliness of a person in the eyes ofothers.
In the same way, when the daughter of a courtesan arrives at the age ofpuberty, the mother should get together a lot of young men of the sameage, disposition, and knowledge as her daughter, and tell them that shewould give her in marriage to the person who would give her presents ofa particular kind.
ofpuberty - de la pubertad
sameage - Igualdad
After this the daughter should be kept in seclusion as far as possible,and the mother should give her in marriage to the man who may be readyto give her the presents agreed upon. If the mother is unable to get somuch out of the man, she should show some of her own things as havingbeen given to the daughter by the bridegroom.
havingbeen - Haber estado
bridegroom - novio
Or, the mother may allow her daughter to be married to the manprivately, as if she was ignorant of the whole affair, and thenpretending that it has come to her knowledge, she may give her consentto the union.
manprivately - anprivately
thenpretending - pretendiendo
The daughter, too, should make herself attractive to the sons of wealthycitizens, unknown to her mother, and make them attached to her, and forthis purpose should meet them at the time of learning to sing, and inplaces where music is played, and at the houses of other people, andthen request her mother, through a female friend, or servant, to beallowed to unite herself to the man who is most agreeable to her.[77]
wealthycitizens - ciudadanos ricos
unknown - ignoto, desconocido, incógnita, desconocido
forthis - Esto
inplaces - lugares
beallowed - se permite
When the daughter of a courtesan is thus given to a man, the ties ofmarriage should be observed for one year, and after that she may do whatshe likes. But even after the end of the year, when otherwise engaged,if she should be now and then invited by her first husband to come andsee him, she should put aside her present gain, and go to him for thenight.
whatshe - Qué
andsee - y ver
thenight - entonces
Such is the mode of temporary marriage among courtesans, and ofincreasing their loveliness, and their value in the eyes of others. Whathas been said about them should also be understood to apply to thedaughters of dancing women, whose mothers should give them only to suchpersons as are likely to become useful to them in various ways.
mode - modo
temporary - temporal, provisional
ofincreasing - e aumentar
thedaughters - las hijas
suchpersons - alespersonas
Thus end the ways of making oneself lovely in the eyes of others.
(a). If a man, after anointing his lingam with a mixture of the powdersof the white thorn apple, the long pepper, and the black pepper, andhoney, engages in sexual union with a woman, he makes her subject to hiswill.
anointing - unción; ungir
powdersof - Polvos de
thorn - espina, thorn
andhoney - y la miel
hiswill - Su voluntad
(b). The application of a mixture of the leaf of the plant vatodbhranta,of the flowers thrown on a human corpse when carried out to be burnt,and the powder of the bones of the peacock, and of the jiwanjiva bird,produces the same effect.
corpse - cuerpo, cadáver
(c). The remains of a kite who has died a natural death, ground intopowder, and mixed with cowach and honey, has also the same effect.
kite - cometa
intopowder - pólvora
(d). Anointing oneself with an ointment made of the plant emblicamyrabolans has the power of subjecting women to one's will.
(e).
If a man cuts into small pieces the sprouts of the vajnasunhiplant, and dips them into a mixture of red arsenic and sulphur, and thendries them seven times, and applies this powder mixed with honey to hislingam, he can subjugate a woman to his will directly that he has hadsexual union with her, or, if, by burning these very sprouts at nightand looking at the smoke, he sees a golden moon behind, he will then besuccessful with any woman; or if he throws some of the powder of thesesame sprouts mixed with the excrement of a monkey upon a maiden, shewill not be given in marriage to any body else.
cuts into - corta en
dips - dips; mojar
sulphur - sulfuro; azufre
thendries - hendries
subjugate - subyugar; sojuzgar
hadsexual - adsexual
besuccessful - Tiene éxito
thesesame - Igual
excrement - excrementos; excremento
(f). If pieces of the arris root are dressed with the oil of the mango,and placed for six months in a hole made in the trunk of the sisu tree,and are then taken out and made up into an ointment, and applied to thelingam, this is said to serve as the means of subjugating women.
mango - árbol de mango
(g).
If the bone of a camel is dipped into the juice of the planteclipta prostata, and then burnt, and the black pigment produced fromits ashes is placed in a box also made of the bone of a camel, andapplied together with antimony to the eye lashes with a pencil also madeof the bone of a camel, then that pigment is said to be very pure, andwholesome for the eyes, and serves as a means of subjugating others tothe person who uses it. The same effect can be produced by black pigmentmade of the bones of hawks, vultures, and peacocks.
camel - camello
dipped into - echar un vistazo, hojear; echar mano a ahorros
fromits - De ella
andapplied - aplicado
antimony - antimonio
madeof - De qué
andwholesome - y saludable
pigmentmade - hecho con pigmentos
hawks - gavilanes; halcón
vultures - buitres; buitre, zopilote
Thus end the ways of subjugating others to one's own will.
Now the means of increasing sexual vigour are as follows:
vigour - vigor, vivacidad, vigor, lozanía, fuerza, energía
(a). A man obtains sexual vigour by drinking milk mixed with sugar, theroot of the uchchata plant, the piper chaba, and liquorice.
theroot - la raíz
uchchata - chchata
liquorice - regaliz
(b). Drinking milk mixed with sugar, and having the testicle of a ram ora goat boiled in it, is also productive of vigour.
testicle - testículo, cojón
(c). The drinking of the juice of the hedysarum gangeticum, the kuili,and the kshirika plant mixed with milk, produces the same effect.
(d). The seed of the long pepper along with the seeds of the sansevieraroxburghiana, and the hedysarum gangeticum plant, all pounded together,and mixed with milk, is productive of a similar result.
(e). According to ancient authors, if a man pounds the seeds or roots ofthe trapa bispinosa, the kasurika, the tuscan jasmine, and liquorice,together with the kshirakapoli (a kind of onion), and puts the powderinto milk mixed with sugar and ghee, and having boiled the whole mixtureon a moderate fire, drinks the paste so formed, he will be able to enjoyinnumerable women.
Tuscan - toscano, toscano, toscana
powderinto - en polvo
mixtureon - Mezclón
paste - pasta, masa, paté, budín, engrudo, cola, pegar, engrudar
enjoyinnumerable - disfrutar de innumerables
(f). In the same way, if a man mixes rice with the eggs of the sparrow,and having boiled this in milk, adds to it ghee and honey, and drinks asmuch of it as necessary, this will produce the same effect.
asmuch - tanto
(g). If a man takes the outer covering of sesamum seeds, and soaks themwith the eggs of sparrows, and then, having boiled them in milk, mixedwith sugar and ghee, along with the fruits of the trapa bispinosa andthe kasurika plant, and adding to it the flour of wheat and beans, andthen drinks this composition, he is said to be able to enjoy many women.
soaks - remojo; empapar, remojar, embeber, saturar, esponjar
themwith - con ellos
sparrows - gorriones; pasérido, gorrión, pájaro
mixedwith - Mezclado con
composition - composición, panish: t-needed
(h). If ghee, honey, sugar, and liquorice in equal quantities, the juiceof the fennel plant, and milk are mixed together, this nectar-likecomposition is said to be holy, and provocative of sexual vigour, apreservative of life, and sweet to the taste.
juiceof - Zumo de
nectar - néctar, néctar
likecomposition - como la composición
provocative - provocador, provocativo
apreservative - apreservante
(i). The drinking of a paste composed of the asparagus racemosus, theshvadaushtra plant, the guduchi plant, the long pepper, and liquorice,boiled in milk, honey, and ghee, in the spring, is said to have the sameeffect as the above.
asparagus - espárragos; espárrago
theshvadaushtra - eshvadaushtra
sameeffect - el mismo efecto
(j). Boiling the asparagus racemosus, and the shvadaushtra plant, alongwith the pounded fruits of the premna spinosa in water, and drinking thesame, is said to act in the same way.
(k). Drinking boiled ghee, or clarified butter in the morning during thespring season, is said to be beneficial to health and strength, andagreeable to the taste.
thespring - la primavera
beneficial - beneficioso
(l). If the powder of the seed of the shvadaushtra plant and the flowerof barley are mixed together in equal parts, and a portion of it, _i.e._,two palas in weight, is eaten every morning on getting up, it has thesame effect as the preceding recipe.
flowerof - florerof
barley - cebada
preceding - precedente; preceder, anteceder
There are also verses on the subject as follows:
"The means[78] of producing love and sexual vigour should be learnt fromthe science of medicine, from the Vedas, from those who are learned inthe arts of magic, and from confidential relatives. No means should betried which are doubtful in their effects, which are likely to causeinjury to the body, which involve the death of animals, and which bringus in contact with impure things.
causeinjury - causar lesiones
bringus - ringus
Such means should only be used as areholy, acknowledged to be good, and approved of by Brahmans, andfriends."
areholy - Son santos
acknowledged - reconocido; reconocer, acusar recibo
andfriends - y amigos
FOOTNOTE:
[Footnote 77: It is a custom of the courtesans of Oriental countries togive their daughters temporarily in marriage when they come of age, andafter they have received an education in the Kama Sutra and other arts.Full details are given of this at page 76 of "Early Ideas, a group ofHindoo stories, collected and collated by Anaryan. W. H. Allen and Co.,London, 1881."]
togive - Dar
temporarily - temporalmente
ofHindoo - eHindoo
collated - cotejado; cotejar, ordenar
[Footnote 78: From the earliest times Oriental authors have occupiedthemselves about aphrodisiacs. The following note on the subject istaken from page 29 of a translation of the Hindoo Art of Love, otherwisethe Anunga Runga, alluded to in the preface of this work, Part I., pages3 and 5:--"most eastern treatises divide aphrodisiacs into two differentkinds: 1.
occupiedthemselves - se ocuparon
aphrodisiacs - afrodisíacos; afrodisíaco, afrodisíaco
istaken - está tomada
otherwisethe - e lo contrario.
most eastern - el más oriental
treatises - tratados; tratado
the mechanical or natural, such as scarification,flagellation, etc.; and 2., the medicinal or artificial. To the formerbelong the application of insects, as is practised by some savage races;and all orientalists will remember the tale of the old Brahman, whoseyoung wife insisted upon his being again stung by a wasp."]
mechanical - mecánico
flagellation - Flagelación
medicinal - medicinal, medicamentoso
formerbelong - antiguo
savage - salvaje
Tale - cuento; historia, relato
whoseyoung - de quién es joven
insisted - insistió; insistir
stung - picado; aguijón
wasp - avispa
OF THE WAYS OF EXCITING DESIRE, AND MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS, ANDRECIPES.
If a man is unable to satisfy a Hastini, or elephant woman, he shouldhave recourse to various means to excite her passion. At thecommencement he should rub her yoni with his hand or fingers, and notbegin to have intercourse with her until she becomes excited, orexperiences pleasure. This is one way of exciting a woman.
shouldhave - Debería haberlo hecho
thecommencement - el comienzo
notbegin - no empezar
orexperiences - experiencias
Or, he may make use of certain Apadravyas, or things which are put on oraround the lingam to supplement its length or its thickness, so as tofit it to the yoni.
oraround - o alrededor
supplement - suplemento, suplementario, complementar
thickness - espesor; grosor, espesura, torpeza
In the opinion of Babhravya, these Apadravyas shouldbe made of gold, silver, copper, iron, ivory, buffalo's horn, variouskinds of wood, tin or lead, and should be soft, cool, provocative ofsexual vigour, and well fitted to serve the intended purpose.Vatsyayana, however, says that they may be made according to the naturalliking of each individual.
intended purpose - Propósito previsto
naturalliking - le gusta lo natural
The following are the different kinds of Apadravyas.
(1). "The armlet" (Valaya) should be of the same size as the lingam, andshould have its outer surface made rough with globules.
globules - glóbulos; glóbulo
(2). "The couple" (Sanghati) is formed of two armlets.
(3). "The bracelet" (Chudaka) is made by joining three or more armlets,until they come up to the required length of the lingam.
bracelet - brazalete, pulsera
(4). "The single bracelet" is formed by wrapping a single wire aroundthe lingam, according to its dimensions.
wrapping - Envolver; (wrap) Envolver
wire - alambre, hilo, cable
aroundthe - alrededor del
(5). The Kantuka or Jalaka is a tube open at both ends, with a holethrough it, outwardly rough and studded with soft globules, and made tofit the side of the yoni, and tied to the waist.
holethrough - A través de agujeros
outwardly - exteriormente
studded - con clavos; caballeriza
When such a thing cannot be obtained, then a tube made of the woodapple, or tubular stalk of the bottle gourd, or a reed made soft withoil and extracts of plants, and tied to the waist with strings, may bemade use of, as also a row of soft pieces of wood tied together.
tubular - tubular
stalk - tallo; palanca; acechar, acosar
reed - lengüeta; junco, cana
Row - hilera, fila
The above are the things that can be used in connection with or in theplace of the lingam.
The people of the southern countries think that true sexual pleasurecannot be obtained without perforating the lingam, and they thereforecause it to be pierced like the lobes of the ears of an infant piercedfor earrings.
pleasurecannot - el placer no puede
perforating - perforación; perforar
thereforecause - por qué
lobes - lóbulos; lóbulo
piercedfor - Perforado
earrings - pendientes; arete
Now, when a young man perforates his lingam he should pierce it with asharp instrument, and then stand in water so long as the blood continuesto flow. At night he should engage in sexual intercourse, even withvigour, so as to clean the hole. After this he should continue to washthe hole with decoctions, and increase the size by putting into it smallpieces of cane, and the wrightia antidysenterica, and thus graduallyenlarging the orifice.
perforates - perforar
pierce - perforar; atravesar, traspasar
continuesto - continúa
withvigour - con vigor
washthe - Qué
decoctions - decocciones; panish: t-needed
smallpieces - pequenas piezas
cane - canón; cana, bastón, bastón blanco
graduallyenlarging - aumentando gradualmente
orifice - orificio
It may also be washed with liquorice mixed withhoney, and the size of the hole increased by the fruit stalks of thesima-patra plant. The hole should be annointed with a small quantity ofoil.
withhoney - Con dinero
stalks - tallos; tallo
thesima - Tesima
annointed - Ungido
ofoil - De petróleo
The ways of enlarging the lingam must be now related.
When a man wishes to enlarge his lingam, he should rub it with thebristles of certain insects that live in trees, and then, after rubbingit for ten nights with oils, he should again rub it with the bristles asbefore. By continuing to do this a swelling will be gradually producedin the lingam, and he should then lie on a cot, and cause his lingam tohang down through a hole in the cot.
enlarge - ampliar, agrandar, engrandecer
thebristles - las cerdas
swelling - inflamación, hinchazón; (swell); inflamación, hinchazón
producedin - Producido en
cot - cuna
After this he should take away allthe pain from the swelling by using cool concoctions. The swelling,which is called "Suka," and is often brought about among the people ofthe Dravida country, lasts for life.
concoctions - rebajes; brebaje, poción, mejunje, cocimiento
If the lingam is rubbed with the following things, viz., the plantphysalis flexuosa, the shavara-kandaka plant, the jalasuka plant, thefruit of the egg plant, the butter of a she buffalo, the hastri-charmaplant, and the juice of the vajra-rasa plant, a swelling lasting for onemonth will be produced.
thefruit - la fruta
charmaplant - harmaplant
onemonth - un mes
By rubbing it with oil boiled in the concoctions of the above things,the same effect will be produced, but lasting for six months.
The enlargement of the lingam is also effected by rubbing it ormoistening it with oil boiled on a moderate fire along with the seeds ofthe pomegranate, and the cucumber, the juices of the valuka plant, thehasti-charma plant, and the egg-plant.
ormoistening - Humectación
pomegranate - granada, granado
valuka - valka
charma - Carma
In addition to the above, other means may be learnt from experienced andconfidential persons.
andconfidential - confidencial
The miscellaneous experiments and recipes are as follows:
(a). If a man mixes the powder of the milk hedge plant, and the kantakaplant with the excrement of a monkey, and the powdered root of thelanjalalika plant, and throws this mixture on a woman, she will not loveany body else afterwards.
hedge - cobertura; seto
thelanjalalika - lanjalalika
loveany - Amor
(b). If a man thickens the juice of the fruits of the cassia fistula,and the eugenia jambolana by mixing them with the powder of the somaplant, the vernonia anthelmintica, the eclipta prostata, and thelohopa-jihirka, and applies this composition to the yoni of a woman, andthen has sexual intercourse with her, his love for her will bedestroyed.
thickens - se espesa; espesar
cassia - casia fistula
fistula - fístula
eugenia - Eugenia
thelohopa - Ellohopa
bedestroyed - Destruido
(c). The same effect is produced if a man has connection with a womanwho has bathed in the butter-milk of a she-buffalo mixed with thepowders of the gopalika plant, the banu-padika plant, and the yellowamaranth.
thepowders - Los polvos
(d). An ointment made of the flowers of the nauclea cadamba, the hogplum, and the eugenia jambolana, and used by a woman, causes her to bedisliked by her husband.
hogplum - ogplum
bedisliked - \"bedisliked\"
(e). Garlands made of the above flowers, when worn by the woman, producethe same effect.
(f). An ointment made of the fruit of the asteracantha longifolia(kokilaksha) will contract the yoni of a Hastini or elephant woman, andthis contraction lasts for one night.
contraction - contracción, contracción
(g). An ointment made by pounding the roots of the nelumbrium speciosum,and of the blue lotus, and the powder of the plant physalis flexuosamixed with ghee and honey, will enlarge the yoni of the Mrigi or deerwoman.
physalis - fisalis; uchuva
flexuosamixed - lexuosamixed
deerwoman - Mujer ciervo
(h). An ointment made of the fruit of the emblica myrabolans soaked inthe milky juice of the milk hedge plant, of the soma plant, thecalotropis gigantea, and the juice of the fruit of the vernoniaanthelmintica, will make the hair white.
myrabolans - Mirabolas
soaked - empapado; empapar, remojar, embeber, saturar, esponjar
Milky - lechoso
thecalotropis - elcalotropis
(i). The juice of the roots of the madayantaka plant, the yellowamaranth, the anjanika plant, the clitoria ternateea, and theshlakshnaparni plant, used as a lotion, will make the hair grow.
clitoria - Clítoris
theshlakshnaparni - eshlakshnaparni
lotion - loción
(j). An ointment made by boiling the above roots in oil, and rubbed in,will make the hair black, and will also gradually restore hair that hasfallen off.
(k) If lac is saturated seven times in the sweat of the testicle of awhite horse, and applied to a red lip, the lip will become white.
saturated - saturado; empapar, saturar
awhite - Blanco
(l). The colour of the lips can be regained by means of the madayantikaand other plants mentioned above under (i).
regained - recuperado; recobrar
(m). A woman who hears a man playing on a reed pipe which has beendressed with the juices of the bahupadika plant, the tabernamontanacoronaria, the costus speciosus or arabicus, the pinus deodora, theeuphorbia antiquorum, the vajra and the kantaka plant, becomes hisslave.
beendressed - Estar vestido
tabernamontanacoronaria - abernamontanacoronaria
speciosus - peciosus
theeuphorbia - la euforbia
hisslave - esclavo
(n). If food be mixed with the fruit of the thorn apple (Dathura) itcauses intoxication.
itcauses - causa
(o). If water be mixed with oil and the ashes of any kind of grassexcept the kusha grass, it becomes the colour of milk.
grassexcept - Grassexcepto
(p). If yellow myrabolans, the hog plum, the shrawana plant, and thepriyangu plant be all pounded together, and applied to iron pots, thesepots become red.
plum - ciruela
thepriyangu - elpriyangu
thesepots - estas ollas
(q). If a lamp, trimmed with oil extracted from the shrawana andpriyangn plants, its wick being made of cloth and the slough of theskins of snakes, is lighted, and long pieces of wood placed near it,those pieces of wood will resemble so many snakes.
trimmed - recortado; recortar, orlar, ribetear
extracted - extraído; extracto, fragmento, pasaje, extraer, sacar
andpriyangn - ypriyangn
wick - mecha
slough - lodos
theskins - las pieles
resemble - se parecen; asemejar
(r). Drinking the milk of a white cow who has a white calf at her feetis auspicious, produces fame, and preserves life.
feetis - eetis
(s). The blessings of venerable Brahmans, well propitiated, have thesame effect.
blessings - bendiciones; bendición
There are also some verses in conclusion:
"Thus have I written in a few words the 'Science of love,'after readingthe texts of ancient authors, and following the ways of enjoymentmentioned in them."
readingthe - Leyendo el
enjoymentmentioned - Disfrutar
"He who is acquainted with the true principles of this science paysregard to Dharma, Artha, Kama, and to his own experiences, as well as tothe teachings of others, and does not act simply on the dictates of hisown desire. As for the errors in the science of love which I havementioned in this work, on my own authority as an author, I have,immediately after mentioning them, carefully censured and prohibitedthem."
paysregard - paga
teachings - ensenanzas; ensenanza
dictates - orden, ordenar, dictar
censured - censurado; censura
prohibitedthem - Los prohibió
"An act is never looked upon with indulgence for the simple reason thatit is authorised by the science, because it ought to be remembered thatit is the intention of the science, that the rules which it containsshould only be acted upon in particular cases. After reading andconsidering the works of Babhravya and other ancient authors, andthinking over the meaning of the rules given by them, the Kama Sutra wascomposed, according to the precepts of Holy Writ, for the benefit of theworld, by Vatsyayana, while leading the life of a religious student, andwholly engaged in the contemplation of the Deity.
indulgence - complacencia; indulgencia
thatit - eso
authorised - Autorizar
containsshould - contiene
andconsidering - considerando
andthinking - pensar
wascomposed - fue compuesto
theworld - el mundo
andwholly - ?totalmente
"This work is not intended to be used merely as an instrument forsatisfying our desires. A person, acquainted with the true principles ofthis science, and who preserves his Dharma, Artha, and Kama, and hasregard for the practices of the people, is sure to obtain the masteryover his senses."
hasregard - ha hecho caso omiso
masteryover - Dominar
"In short, an intelligent and prudent person, attending to Dharma andArtha, and attending to Kama also, without becoming the slave of hispassions, obtains success in everything that he may undertake."
Prudent - prudente, atentado
andArtha - Artha
hispassions - Sus pasiones
undertake - emprender, acometer
=END OF PART VII.=
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
Thus ends, in seven parts, the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, which mightotherwise be called a treatise on men and women, their mutualrelationship, and connection with each other.
mightotherwise - podría ser de otro modo
mutualrelationship - relación mutua
It is a work that should be studied by all, both old and young; theformer will find in it real truths, gathered by experience, and alreadytested by themselves, while the latter will derive the great advantageof learning things, which some perhaps may otherwise never learn at all,or which they may only learn when it is too late ("too late" thoseimmortal words of Mirabeau) to profit by the learning.
by experience - por experiencia
alreadytested - Ya se ha probado
advantageof - entajas
thoseimmortal - aquellos inmortales
It can also be fairly commended to the student of social science and ofhumanity, and above all to the student of those early ideas, which havegradually filtered down through the sands of time, and which seem toprove that the human nature of to-day is much the same as the humannature of the long ago.
ofhumanity - e la humanidad
havegradually - tiene gradualmente
filtered - filtrado; filtro, filtrar, filtrarse
humannature - naturaleza humana
It has been said of Balzac [the great, if not the greatest of Frenchnovelists] that he seemed to have inherited a natural and intuitiveperception of the feelings of men and women, and has described them withan analysis worthy of a man of science. The author of the present workmust also have had a considerable knowledge of the humanities.
inherited - heredado; heredar
intuitiveperception - percepción intuitiva
withan - conan
workmust - Trabajo
Many ofhis remarks are so full of simplicity and truth, that they have stoodthe test of time, and stand out still as clear and true as when theywere first written, some eighteen hundred years ago.
stoodthe - se mantiene
As a collection of facts, told in plain and simple language, it must beremembered that in those early days there was apparently no idea ofembellishing the work, either with a literary style, a flow oflanguage, or a quantity of superfluous padding. The author tells theworld what he knows in very concise language, without any attempt toproduce an interesting story.
beremembered - Recordar
ofembellishing - e embellecimiento
oflanguage - e la lengua
superfluous - superfluo
concise - conciso, breve, sucinto, escueto
toproduce - Producir
From his facts how many novels could bewritten! Indeed much of the matter contained in parts III. IV. V. andVI., has formed the basis of many of the stories and the tales of pastcenturies.
bewritten - escrito
andVI - yVI
pastcenturies - Siglos pasados
There will be found in part VII., some curious recipes. Many of themappear to be as primitive as the book itself, but in later works of thesame nature these recipes and prescriptions appear to have increased,both as regards quality and quantity.
themappear - aparecen
primitive - primitivo
prescriptions - recetas; receta, remedios recetados, medicinas, prescripción
In the Anunga Runga or "The Stageof Love," mentioned at page 5 of the Preface in Part I., there are foundno less than thirty-three different subjects for which one hundred andthirty recipes and prescriptions are given.
foundno - No lo encontró
andthirty - y treinta
As the details may be interesting, these subjects are described asfollows:
1. For hastening the paroxysm of the woman.
hastening - apresurándose; correr, acelerar, precipitar, anticipar
paroxysm - paroxismo
2. For delaying the organs of the man.
delaying - retrasando; aplazar, retrasar
3. Aphrodisiacs.
4. For thickening and enlarging the lingam, rendering it sound andstrong, hard and lusty.
thickening - engrosamiento; espesamiento, espesante; (thicken); espesar
andstrong - y fuerte
lusty - Lujurioso
5. For narrowing and contracting the yoni.
6. For perfuming the yoni.
7. For removing and destroying the hair of the body.
8. For removing the sudden stopping of the monthly ailment.
monthly - mensual, mensualmente
ailment - dolencia, enfermedad, achaque, alifafe
9. For abating the immoderate appearance of the monthly ailment.
abating - aminorando; disminuir, amainar
immoderate - inmoderado; desmedido, desmesurado
10. For purifying the womb.
purifying - purificar
womb - útero, matriz, cuna
11. For causing pregnancy.
12. For preventing miscarriage and other accidents.
miscarriage - aborto espontáneo, aborto natural
13. For ensuring easy labour and ready deliverance.
ensuring - asegurando; asegurar
deliverance - entrega, salvación, liberación
14. For limiting the number of children.
15. For thickening and beautifying the hair.
beautifying - embellecimiento; embellecer
16. For obtaining a good black colour to it.
17. For whitening and bleaching it.
whitening - blanqueamiento, blanqueo; (whiten); blanquear
bleaching - blanqueo; Blanquear; (bleach) blanqueo; Blanquear
18. For renewing it.
renewing - reanudar, renovar, reiniciar, recomenzar
19. For clearing the skin of the face from eruptions that break out andleave black spots upon it.
eruptions - erupciones; erupción
andleave - y marcharse
20. For removing the black colour of the epidermis.
epidermis - epidermis
21. For enlarging the breasts of women.
22. For raising and hardening pendulous breasts.
hardening - endurecimiento; (harden); endurecimiento
pendulous - colgante
23. For giving a fragrance to the skin.
24. For removing the evil savour of perspiration.
savour - saborear
25. For anointing the body after bathing.
26. For causing a pleasant smell to the breath.
27. Drugs and charms for the purposes of fascinating, overcoming, andsubduing either men or women.
Overcoming - superación; vencer, superar
andsubduing - subordinación
28. Recipes for enabling a woman to attract and preserve her husband'slove.
enabling - permitiendo; habilitar, posibilitar, activar
preserve - mermelada, reserva, reserva natural, coto, terreno, dominio
slove - Ilusión
29. Magical collyriums for winning love and friendship.
magical - mágico
collyriums - Colirio
30. Prescriptions for reducing other persons to submission.
submission - Presentación
31. Philter pills, and other charms.
philter - filter; pócima, pócima de amor, poción de amor, filtro
pills - píldoras; píldora, pastilla
32. Fascinating incense, or fumigation.
fumigation - fumigación
33. Magical verses which have the power of fascination.
fascination - fascinación
Of the one hundred and thirty recipes given, many of them are absurd,but not more perhaps than many of the recipes and prescriptions in usein Europe not so very long ago. Love-philters, charms, and herbalremedies have been, in early days, as freely used in Europe as in Asia,and doubtless some people believe in them still in many places.
absurd - absurdo, absurdo
usein - usando
philters - filtros; pócima, pócima de amor, poción de amor, filtro
herbalremedies - medicamentos a base de hierbas
Asia - Asia
doubtless - indudable, sin duda, indudablemente
And now, one word about the author of the work, the good old sageVatsyayana. It is much to be regretted that nothing can be discoveredabout his life, his belongings, and his surroundings. At the end of PartVII. he states that he wrote the work while leading the life of areligious student [probably at Benares] and while wholly engaged in thecontemplation of the Deity.
sageVatsyayana - Sabio Vatsyayana
regretted - te arrepientes; lamentar, pena, pesar, arrepentimiento
discoveredabout - Descubierto
surroundings - alrededores; periferia, rededor, derredor, circundante
thecontemplation - la contemplación
He must have arrived at a certain age atthat time, for throughout he gives us the benefit of his experience, andof his opinions, and these bear the stamp of age rather than of youth;indeed the work could hardly have been written by a young man.
atthat - En eso
In a beautiful verse of the Vedas of the Christians it has been said ofthe peaceful dead, that they rest from their labours, and that theirworks do follow them. Yes indeed, the works of men of genius do followthem, and remain as a lasting treasure. And though there may bedisputes and discussions about the immortality of the body or the soul,nobody can deny the immortality of genius, which ever remains as abright and guiding star to the struggling humanities of succeeding ages.
Christians - cristianos; cristiano, cristiana, Cristián
labours - trabajos; trabajo, campesinos, trabajadores, parto, trabajar
theirworks - Sus obras
followthem - Seguirlos
bedisputes - disputas
immortality - inmortalidad
deny - Negar
struggling - con dificultades; (struggle); lucha, forcejeo, brega, luchar
his work, then, which has stood the test of centuries, has placedVatsyayana among the immortals, and on This, and on Him no better elegyor eulogy can be written than the following lines:
placedVatsyayana - olocóVatsyayana
immortals - inmortales; inmortal, inmortal
eulogy - elogio, encomio
"So long as lips shall kiss, and eyes shall see, So long lives This, and This gives life to Thee."
thee - tú; vos (en Espana)
* * * * *